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WKU NURSING MENTAL HEALTH
EXAM 1 2025 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
What is defined as a collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts that influence public perception of the mentally ill? Correct Answer Stigma What are attitudes toward the mentally ill that can have harmful effects on an individual and family and result in social isolation and reduced opportunities? Correct Answer Stigmatizing attitudes What does stigmatizing result in? Correct Answer Feelings of shame and negative sense of self, which can impact recovery What is it important to remember about the patients? Correct Answer They are first and foremost a human being, and not the diagnosis. It is important not to use labels whenever possible What is beneficial stress; it motivates people to develop skills they need to solve problems and meet personal goals? Correct Answer Eustress What is stress that causes problems both emotionally and physically? Correct Answer Distress
What can increased stress and anxiety trigger? Correct Answer Depression, confusion, instill helplessness/hopelessness, and cause fatigue What is a trigger of stress? Correct Answer Stressor What are the two kinds of stress? Correct Answer Real or perceived Stress can be...? Correct Answer Psychological Physical Psychosocial What is the stress response also referred to as? Correct Answer Fight-or-flight response What receives information from almost all parts of the brain when a threat appears imminent? Correct Answer Hypothalamus What is considered the emotional brain? Correct Answer Limbic system What is the component of the limbic system that contributes to emotional processing? Correct Answer Amygdala What functions as the command-and-control center when receiving stressful signals? Correct Answer Hypothalamus
What are common elements in individuals with PTSD? Correct Answer Feelings of helplessness or powerlessness in the face of overwhelming circumstances What are the four cardinal symptoms of PTSD? Correct Answer Intrusive reexperiencing of the initial trauma Avoidance Persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood Alteration and arousal and activity What cardinal symptom of PTSD involves flashbacks, nightmares, unwanted distressing memories of the event, feelings of unreality? Correct Answer Intrusive reexperiencing of the initial trauma What cardinal symptom of PTSD involves avoiding of all memories and feelings as well as people or places that might recall the event? Correct Answer Avoidance What cardinal symptom of PTSD involves distorted cognitions about themselves and others and feeling detachment? Correct Answer Persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood What cardinal symptom of PTSD involves irritability, angry, outbursts, self-destructive behavior, exaggerated startle response, hyper vigilance, sleep difficulties? Correct Answer Alteration and arousal and activity
How long must symptoms of PSDT last in order for a diagnosis to be made? Correct Answer Longer than a month What factors are important for a positive outcome with patients with PTSD? Correct Answer Solid social support Good psychiatric and medical health care Rapid onset of symptoms What are the optimal outcomes for the individual with PTSD? Correct Answer Patient and others will remain safe Patient will receive treatment for co-occurring conditions Patients will attend support group Patient will expand social network Patient will exhibit increased sleep periods Patient will have fewer nightmares and flashbacks Patient will express decreased irritability Patient will be able to demonstrate effective anxiety reduction techniques
What can occur after the same kind of triggers that exist in PTSD, but resolves within a month? Correct Answer Acute stress disorder What may be used to treat daytime anxiety? Correct Answer Benzodiazepines What may be used for sleep? Correct Answer Sedative- hypnotics What is related to emotional exhaustion and withdrawal associated with increased workload and institutional stress? Correct Answer Burnout What described the emotional effect that nurses and other health care workers may experience by being indirectly traumatized when helping or trying to help a person who has experienced primary traumatic stress? Correct Answer Compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress What is the successful performance of mental functions, resulting in the ability to engage in productive activities, enjoy fulfilling relationships, adapt to change, and cope with adversity? Correct Answer Mental health What are medical conditions (dysfunctions of the brain and neurotransmitters) that affect a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning? Correct Answer Mental illnesses
What is the current guidebook for categorizing and diagnosing psychiatric mental health disorders in the US? Correct Answer DSM- 5 What does the DSM-5 provide clinicians, researchers, regulatory agencies, health insurance companies, pharmacological companies, and policy makers with? Correct Answer A standard language and criteria for the classification of mental disorders What evolves over time and reflects changes in cultural norms, society's expectations and values, professional biases, individual differences, and the political climate of the time? Correct Answer Psychiatry's definition of mental health What is the ability to recover from or adjust successfully to trauma or change? Correct Answer Resiliency What is the study of the distribution of disorders in human populations? Correct Answer Epidemiology What is the proportion of a population with a mental disorder at a given time? Correct Answer Prevalence Many individuals have more than one mental disorder at a time, known as? Correct Answer Dual diagnosis or co- occurring disorders
Unstable or intense relationships; Lack of support What is the continuum of effective coping strategies? Correct Answer Ability to problem solve and cope in ways that are not harmful (deep breathing, meditation) to... Poor coping that creates further dysfunction (substance abuse, self-harm) What is a painful symptom? Correct Answer Distress What is impairment in one or more important areas of functioning? Correct Answer Disability What appear only in particular cultures and does not appear globally in all societies or parts of the world? Correct Answer Culture-bound syndromes What are some examples of culture-bound syndromes? Correct Answer Running amok Pibloktoq anorexia nervosa What is a form of mental illness in which someone (usually male) runs around engaging in furious, almost indiscriminate violent behavior? Correct Answer Running amok What is an uncontrollable desire to tear ones clothing off and expose oneself to severe winter weather? Correct Answer Pibloktoq
What is a disorder that entails voluntary starvation? Correct Answer anorexia nervosa What are some symptoms of compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress? Correct Answer Feeling overwhelmed, physically and mentally exhausted Interferes with ability to function Intrusive thoughts/images of another's critical experience Difficulty separating work from personal life Becoming pessimistic, critical, irritable, prone to anger Dread of working with certian individuals Ineffective and/or destructive self-soothing behaviors Withdrawing socially and becoming emotionally disconnected from others Becoming demoralizing and questioning one's professional competence and effectiveness Insomnia Lowered self-esteem in nonprofessional situation Loss of hope
What is precipitated by an imminent loss or change that threatens and individual's sense of security? It is a normal and expected response to stress. Correct Answer Acute anxiety What differs from normal anxiety in terms of duration, intensity, and disturbance in a person's ability to function? Occurs with an intensity that is out of proportion to the threat, persists after the threat is resolved, becomes generalized to benign situations, or occurs in the complete absence of a stressor. Correct Answer Pathological anxiety What are the levels of anxiety? Correct Answer Mild Moderate Severe Panic What is the perceptual field of someone with mild anxiety Correct Answer Heightened Is alert and can see, hear, and grasp what is happening in the environment Can identify issues that are disrupting and are producing anxiety What is the perceptual field of someone with moderate anxiety? Correct Answer Narrow Grasps less of what is occurring Can attend to more in pointed out by another
What is the perceptual field in someone with severe anxiety? Correct Answer Greatly reduced Focuses on details or one specific detail Attention scattered Completely absorbed with self May no be able to attend to events in environment even when pointed out by others What is the perceptual field in someone with panic anxiety? Correct Answer Unable to focus on environment Experiences the utmost state of terror and emotional paralysis; feels he or she ceases to exist May have hallucinations or delusions that take the place of reality What is the ability to learn of a person with mild anxiety? Correct Answer Able to work effectively toward a goal and examine alternatives What is the ability to learn of a person with moderate anxiety? Correct Answer Able to solve problems but not at optimal ability Benefits from the guidance of others What is the ability to learn of a person with severe anxiety? Correct Answer Unable to see connections between events or details Has distorted perceptions
Sense of impending doom More intense somatic complaints Hyperventilation Tachycardia Withdrawal Loud and rapid speech Treats and demands What are the s/s of panic anxiety? Correct Answer Experience of terror Immobility or severe hyperactivity or flight Dilated pupils Unintelligible communication or inability to speak Severe shackiness Sleeplessness Severe withdrawal Hallucinations or delusions; likely out of touch with reality What type of statements are best for patients with severe to panic level anxiety? Correct Answer Firm, short, and simple statements What are the five most important properties of defense mechanisms? Correct Answer 1. Defenses are a major means of managing conflict and affect
- Defenses are for the most part unconscious
- Defenses are discrete from one another
- Although defenses are often the hallmarks of major psychiatric syndromes, they are reversible
- Defenses are adaptive as well as pathological
What is the foundation of all defense mechanisms that are used on an unconscious level? Correct Answer Repression What is emotional conflicts and stressor being addressed by meeting the needs of others? Person receives gratification from the response of others. Correct Answer Altruism What is an unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially acceptable activity for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original form? Correct Answer Sublimation An individual may deal with emotional conflicts or stressors by emphasizing the amusing or ironic aspects of the conflict or stressor through what? Correct Answer Humor What is the conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling? Correct Answer Suppression What is the exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness? Correct Answer Repression What is considered the cornerstone of the defense mechanisms, and is the first line of psychological defense against anxiety? Correct Answer Repression
What is a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment? Correct Answer Dissociation What occurs when emotional conflicts or stressors are handled by attributing negative qualities to self or others? Correct Answer Devaluation What is it when emotional conflicts or stressors are addressed by attributing exaggerated qualities to others? Correct Answer Idealization What is the inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image? Correct Answer Splitting What is unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes them to other people, objects, or situation? Correct Answer Projection What involves escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence? Correct Answer Denial What can be the first symptom of a medical disorder? Correct Answer Anxiety What are the most prevalent lifetime psychiatric disorders leading to stress and impairment worldwide? Correct Answer Anxiety disorders
What is thought to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality? Correct Answer Chronic anxiety When do anxiety disorders usually develop? Correct Answer In childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood What is referred to as the emotional brain? Correct Answer The limbic system What does the limbic system consist of? Correct Answer Amygdala Hippocampus Thalamus Hypothalamus Basal ganglia Cingulate gyrus What are the three functions of the limbic system? Correct Answer Scan the environment for threat-relevant cues and assess magnitude of the threat Initiate the body's readiness to respond by eliciting the fight-or-flight response Terminate reactivity after external stressors subside and restore the nervous system to a state of homeostasis What part of the limbic system is most associated with anxiety disorders as well as the OCD? Correct Answer Cingulate
