Download WKU NURS 324 EXAM 4 2025 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
WKU NURS 324 EXAM 4 2025
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS | RESPIRATORY
ALTERATIONS
Epiglottitis Correct Answer a life threatening condition that is a rapidly progressive infection of the epiglottis Causes of epiglottitis Correct Answer haemophilus influenza type B (Hib), Group A beta-hemolhytic Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. It can also be caused by trauma to the throat Manifestations of epiglottitis Correct Answer fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, drooling with mouth ope, inspiratory stridor (high pitched wheezing sound when inhaling from obstruction in upper airway), respiratory distress, central cyanosis (around mouth and lips), anxiety, pallor, and assuming a seated position. The voice may also sound muffled. Laryngitis Correct Answer inflammation of the larynx Causes of laryngitis Correct Answer infection, exudate, and overuse
Manifestations of laryngitis Correct Answer hoarseness of voice or complete loss of voice If laryngitis lasts longer than a week, what should the patient be evaluated for? Correct Answer throat cancer Laryngotracheobronchitis Correct Answer called "croup" and common in young children. It is characterized by a seal liked barking cough Causes of Laryngotracheobronchitis Correct Answer usually a virus and will start as an upper respiratory infection What can laryngotracheobronchitis lead to? Correct Answer respiratory failure Acute Bronchitis Correct Answer The inflammation of the large bronchi or tracheobronchial tree (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles). It will cause the airways to become irritated and narrow. Manifestations of acute bronchitis Correct Answer productive or nonproductive cough, dyspnea, wheezing (rom narrowing of airways), low-grade fever, pharyngitis, malaise, and chest discomfort Influenza Correct Answer A viral infection that may affect the upper and lower respiratory tract and is highly adaptive to changes/strains
Viral pneumonia Correct Answer usually mild cases and can lead to a secondary bacterial pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia Correct Answer caused by impaired gag reflexes, improper lower esophageal sphincter closure, and inappropriate tube feeding placements Bronchopneumonia Correct Answer a patchy pneumonia that affects several lobes and is the most frequent type Nosocomial pneumonia Correct Answer develops more than 48 hours after a hospital admission manifestations of pneumonia Correct Answer cough (productive/nonproductive), fatigue, pleuritic pain, crackles (when secretions are in airways and will "pop" with inhalation), pleural friction rub, tachypnea (>20 rpm), mental status changes, leukocytosis Tuberculosis (TB) Correct Answer caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis, is most frequently found in the lungs (but can spread), and is contracted by airborne droplets Manifestations of TB Correct Answer productive cough, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), night sweats, fever, chills, unexplained weight loss, anorexia, and other symptoms that are depended upon the other organ imvolvement
What is targeted in a Upper Respiratory Infection? Correct Answer nose, mouth, pharynx, and larnyx Infectious Rhinitis Correct Answer the "common cold" and is transmitted through inhalation and contact Cause of infectious rhinitis Correct Answer rhinovirus (which is highly contagious) or combine with another bacterial infection manifestations of infectious rhinitis Correct Answer sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough (nonproductive), malaise, myalgia (muscle pain), low-grade fever, hoarseness, headache, and chills Sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) Correct Answer inflammation of the sinus cavities Causes of sinusitis Correct Answer Viral (most common), bacterial, and fungi Risk factors of sinusitis Correct Answer environmental irritants, pollutants, immunocompromised conditions, conditions that increase mucus production, and nasal structure abnormalities Manifestations of sinusitis Correct Answer facial pain and pressure, nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, hyposmia (decrease in smell), halitosis (bad breath), mouth breathing, fever, sore throat, and malaise
Chronic Bronchitis Correct Answer inflammation of the bronchi that is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus and a chronic productive cough that lasts for at least 3 months of the year for 2 years straight Causes of airway obstruction Correct Answer broncial edema and thick mucus buildup that is unable to be cleared Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis Correct Answer hypoventilation, hypoxemia, cyanosis, hypercapnia, polycythemia, clubbing of fingers, dyspnea during rest, wheezing, edema, weight gain, malaise, chest pain, and fever What medical condition do we associate the term "blue bloaters" to? Correct Answer Bronchitis Blue bloaters is named what it is because of Correct Answer cyanosis and edema Emphysema Correct Answer destruction of the alveolar walls leads to large, permanently inflated alveoli What problems lead to emphysema? Correct Answer the loss of elastic recoil and hyperinflation of the alveoli which leads to air trapping What is destroyed due to air trapping? Correct Answer surfactant and elastic fibers
Air trapping Correct Answer problems getting air out of the lungs which causes the lungs to become overloaded with air due to breathing in more than it can hold What are the causes of emphysema? Correct Answer genetic predispostition and smoking history Manifestations of emphysema Correct Answer diminished breath sounds, wheezing, chest tightness, barrel chest (change in shape of chest which it will widen out), pursed lip breathing, flushed skin, hypoxia, activity intolerance, and hyperventilation What condition is the term "pink puffers" associate with? Correct Answer Emphysema What gives pink puffers its meaning? Correct Answer pink appearance to skin, hyperventilation, and tachypnea True/False: Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition. Correct Answer True Cystic Fibrosis Correct Answer a life-threatening condition resulting in severe lung damage and nutrition deficits Which organs are impacted the most from cystic fibrosis? Correct Answer the lungs and pancreas What causes body secretions in people with cystic fibrosis to become thick and tenacious? Correct Answer Chloride
What is pleural effusions associated with? Correct Answer fluid Pneumothorax Correct Answer Air in pleural space collapses the lung partially or totally Pneumothorax is also known as Correct Answer a collapsed lung Primary pneumothorax (spontaneous) Correct Answer when blebs rupture and is commonly seen in tall and thin male smokers Manifestations of pneumothorax Correct Answer absent/diminished lung sounds, sudden sharp pain, tachypnea, assymetrical chest movement (depends on how much of lung is affected), and anxiety traumatic pneumothorax Correct Answer caused by blunt trauma or penetrating trauma to chest cavity Tension pneumothroax Correct Answer life-threatening and can be a result of a spontaneous or traumatic where the lung walls close off and air is trapped around lungs What happens to the unaffected lung in relation to tension pneumothorax? Correct Answer it becomes smashed on the other side and will cause shifts of the mediastinum and chest deviations. Severity can lead to heart involvement
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Correct Answer severe progressive respiratory distress often due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli and causes the alveolocapillary membrane to be injured. Causes of ARDS Correct Answer smoke inhalation (not cigarette smoke), overwhelming lung infection, sepsis in bloodstream, multiple traumas, and burn victims Manifestations of ARDS Correct Answer crackling in lungs, rapid shallow breathing, dyspnea, and coughing up frothy sputum Atelectasis Correct Answer incomplete alveolar expansion or collapse of alveoli Acute Respiratory Failure Correct Answer life-threatening condition due to dangerously low O2 levels or dangerously high CO2 levels Complications of Acute respiratory failure Correct Answer cardiac and respiratory arrest Manifestations of atelectasis Correct Answer Diminshed breath sounds, tracheal shift towards AFFECTED lung, tachycardia, restlessness, assymmetrical chest expansion, and anxiety
