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Walden University Advanced
Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers.
What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?
- Correct answer Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? - Correct answer Erythropoietin What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - Correct answer Periorbital edema A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?
- Correct answer Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? - Correct answer Abnormal uterine bleeding The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best? - Correct answer A fracture that happens at the site of an abnormality already in that bone.
A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for? - Correct answer Reduction and immobilization Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - Correct answer Excessive mucus production Stroke Volume (SV) - Correct answer measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Correct answer disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission) Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - Correct answer Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time Myasthenia Gravis - Correct answer autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles Headaches - Correct answer pain anywhere in the cranial cavity (a.k.a. cephalalgia) Seizure Disorders - Correct answer Head Injury - Correct answer Spinal Cord Injury - Correct answer the type of paralysis is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury Inflammatory disease of the Musculoskeletal System - Correct answer
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Correct answer an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal Depression - Correct answer A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness Bipolar Disorders - Correct answer disorders marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression Schizophrenia Delirium and Dementia - Correct answer hallucinations Obsessive Compulsive Disease - Correct answer OCD Growth and Development - Correct answer consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA Normal growth patterns - Correct answer Scoliosis (ortho) - Correct answer Kawasaki - Correct answer acute systemic vasculitis -inflammation of blood vessels Alterations in children - Correct answer Congenital (heart syndrome) - Correct answer PDAs - Correct answer Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) - Correct answer the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby
Asthma - Correct answer A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. Lead poisoning and effects on neurological functioning - Correct answer Sickle Cell - Correct answer an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin Hemophilia - Correct answer A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for? - Correct answer Reduction and immobilization Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - Correct answer Excessive mucus production An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit? - Correct answer Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects?
- Correct answer Folate A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The
A parent brings a 10-year-old child to the clinic and reports a mottled appearance to the skin and legs cramps when the child is in physical education class. Physical assessment positive for upper extremity hypertension. What diagnostic testing or treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the family for?
- Correct answer An echocardiogram In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from developing later cervical cancer, which virus does the healthcare professional recommend vaccination against to the parent? - Correct answer Human papillomavirus (HPV) Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? - Correct answer Gate control theory (GCT) A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - Correct answer Draw blood to measure total bilirubin What causes the vasomotor flushes (hot flashes) that are associated with declining ovarian function with age? - Correct answer Rapid changes in estrogen levels In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core - Correct answer Peripheral vasoconstriction How does the epididymis become infected? - Correct answer The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder.
What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? - Correct answer Firm, nontender testicular mass A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman. Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast milk? - Correct answer IgA The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an exfoliative toxin related to which organism? - Correct answer Staphylococcus aureus A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient? - Correct answer Give the patient plenty of cool fluids to drink A woman who is positive for hepatitis B is in labor. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - Correct answer Immunize the newborn within 12 hours A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the professional target as the priority? - Correct answer Hypertension A pregnant woman is seen for the first time at 6 months' gestation and has not taken prenatal vitamins. The healthcare professional educates the woman on the need for a blood test specifically to assess what substance? - Correct answer a-Fetoprotein
A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct? - Correct answer Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes. A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia? - Correct answer Oral mucus membranes and tongue A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What response by the healthcare professional is best? - Correct answer Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death? - Correct answer Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs. An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 8000/mm 3. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - Correct answer Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best? - Correct answer Presence of red blood cells
A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate? - Correct answer Your body cannot absorb vitamin B 12. In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location? - Correct answer Glomerulus basement membranes A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child? - Correct answer Vitamin C When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed? - Correct answer At peak time of physical growth Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? - Correct answer Natural killer (NK) cells A patient has hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias. What condition does the healthcare professional prepare to teach the patient about? - Correct answer Pernicious anemia How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall? - Correct answer Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this? - Correct answer Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient.
participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best? - Correct answer 30 years The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best? - Correct answer JIA predominantly affects large joints. A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control? - Correct answer Respiratory infection A 9-year-old child has a blood pressure of 112/72 mmHg in the school nurse's office. What action by the school nurse is most appropriate? - Correct answer Note the normal finding in the child's records. An infant is brought to the emergency department by parents who report that the baby's fontanels seem to be bulging outward. What action by the healthcare provider is most appropriate? - Correct answer Determine how much fluid the baby had in the last 24 hours. What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint? - Correct answer Subluxated hip The student asks the professor for a definition of orexigenic neurons. What description by the professor is most accurate? - Correct answer Promote appetite and stimulate eating A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare
professional notes that the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition? - Correct answer No significant change in ICP readings upil changes A preschool teacher notices a child who has burrows on the hands that are several millimeters to 1 cm long, papules, and vesicular lesions. What other assessment finding would help the teacher determine the type of infestation the child has? - Correct answer Ask the child if itching occurs at night. A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? - Correct answer Perform a finger stick for a blood glucose reading. Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels? - Correct answer The aorta arises from the right ventricle. A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about? - Correct answer A sweat test Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea? - Correct answer Failure to ovulate The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assessment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder? - Correct answer Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms are a result of which
1cAdditional nervous system damage will occur the longer we wait 1b A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is best? - Correct answer They produce more angiotensinogen. In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by? - Correct answer Physiologic delays in maturation A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition? - Correct answer Hyponatremia A healthcare professional has educated a student on folic acid. Which statement by the student indicates that more teaching is needed? - Correct answer Folic acid is stored in the liver. A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode? - Correct answer Complex focal seizure A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most important? - Correct answer Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on? - Correct answer Corrective surgery
Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer? - Correct answer Vaginal cancer An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate? - Correct answer One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a result of what? - Correct answer Pressure and obstruction A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate? - Correct answer You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition. A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for? - Correct answer Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for? - Correct answer Bulimia What is the consequence of a splenectomy? - Correct answer The number of defective cells in circulation increases A patient is admitted to the hospital with multiple myeloma (MM). Which diagnostic test should the healthcare professional assess as the priority? - Correct answer Serum calcium level
