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UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GRADED A, Exams of Advanced Education

Chamberlain College of NursingAdvanced Education

UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GRADED A

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/14/2025

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UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE
why we do continuing education - Correct Answers -to maintain skills and knowledge
how to treat stroke patient - Correct Answers -B- balance (did patient experience a
sudden loss of balance or inability to walk)
E- eyes (is there a change in vision? loss, change, no side or top vision)
F- facial droop (on one side when smiling)
A- arm drift
S- slurring words/ not making sense
T- time (when did symptoms appear)
1st safety procedure after you arrive at a car crash - Correct Answers -Position the
ambulance to block the scene from oncoming traffic.
Use only essential warning lights. Choose a location that will allow safe access and exit.
Scene size up
what is the best way to stay out of court - Correct Answers -document everything and
opt to provide care
who is allowed to give expressed consent - Correct Answers -decision-making capacity:
the patient must understand the info you are providing and have the ability to process
the info and make an informed choice regarding medical care
what do you do after you receive a call from dispatch - Correct Answers -respond and
go to the scene lol
sympathetic response - Correct Answers -activates flight or flight response during a
threat or perceived danger.
-Sends signals to the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands 2 hormones epinephrine and
norepinephrine stimulate the heart and blood vessels
parasympathetic response - Correct Answers -restores the body to a state of calm
beta one receptors affect - Correct Answers -they cause the heart rate to increase and
squeeze harder with each contraction, increasing cardiac output.
which ventricle causes blood flow to the pulmonary circulation - Correct Answers -right
ventricle
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Download UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GRADED A and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE

why we do continuing education - Correct Answers -to maintain skills and knowledge how to treat stroke patient - Correct Answers -B- balance (did patient experience a sudden loss of balance or inability to walk) E- eyes (is there a change in vision? loss, change, no side or top vision) F- facial droop (on one side when smiling) A- arm drift S- slurring words/ not making sense T- time (when did symptoms appear) 1st safety procedure after you arrive at a car crash - Correct Answers -Position the ambulance to block the scene from oncoming traffic. Use only essential warning lights. Choose a location that will allow safe access and exit. Scene size up what is the best way to stay out of court - Correct Answers -document everything and opt to provide care who is allowed to give expressed consent - Correct Answers -decision-making capacity: the patient must understand the info you are providing and have the ability to process the info and make an informed choice regarding medical care what do you do after you receive a call from dispatch - Correct Answers -respond and go to the scene lol sympathetic response - Correct Answers -activates flight or flight response during a threat or perceived danger. -Sends signals to the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands 2 hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate the heart and blood vessels parasympathetic response - Correct Answers -restores the body to a state of calm beta one receptors affect - Correct Answers -they cause the heart rate to increase and squeeze harder with each contraction, increasing cardiac output. which ventricle causes blood flow to the pulmonary circulation - Correct Answers -right ventricle

why do children and infants Airways become occluded easily - Correct Answers -their airways are smaller in diameter and length. The glottic opening is higher and positioned more anteriorly, neck appears non existent

  • tongue is larger relative to the size of the mouth and more anterior location so their tongue can easily block airway
  • diameter of trachea in infants is about the same as drinking straw draw sheet method and when you would use it - Correct Answers -non-urgent, used when patient is on a bed with a sheet under them Pit Crew CPR - Correct Answers -defining each intervention that needs to be addressed during cardiac arrest (compressions, defibrillation, airway management, vascular access, medications)
  • define clear roles and positions for each member why you might get a false reading on a blood pressure - Correct Answers -cuff placed too tightly or loose. acute meal ingestion, caffeine, nicotine, full bladder, stress/anxiety when being taken Capnography (ETCO2) - Correct Answers -measures the amount of CO2 in exhaled air
  • indicator of ventilation adequacy structures of the upper airway - Correct Answers -nose and mouth jaw oral cavity pharynx larynx Late sign of hypoxia - Correct Answers -cyanosis! (as well as mental status changes and a weak/thready pulse) Benadryl side effects - Correct Answers -dry mouth, drowsiness, and can increase pressure of fluid within the eye when it is considered an abortion, how many weeks along - Correct Answers -up to 20 weeks of gestation placenta previa - Correct Answers -the placenta develops over and covers the cervix Symptoms= no pain preeclampsia - Correct Answers -induced HTN develop after the 20th week of gestation Signs and Symptoms: -include HTN Treatment and procedure for choking Pt's - Correct Answers -

Delirium tremens - Correct Answers -withdrawal from EtOH can cause frightening auditory or visual hallucinations can come and go. delirium tremens Cocaine overdose - Correct Answers -a serious emergency due to Pt's being at high risk for seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, high BP, and stroke. Opiate overdose - Correct Answers -Appear sedated or unconscious and exhibit cyanosis w/ pinpoint pupils *resp. depression -decreased vol. of inspired air and decreased resp. -can cause cardiac arrest -nausea -emesis -hypotension -seizures - Excited delirium - Correct Answers -aka agitated delirium or exhaustive mania -symptoms: hyperactive irrational behavior with possible vivid hallucinations, which can cause the potential for violent behavior -most common causes: cocaine, meth, psych patients who stop meds How to treat a suicidal patient - Correct Answers --provide compassionate transport to medical facility -these Pt's may be homicidal as well, may try to hurt you or partner -attempted suicide or intent should don't have normal mental capacity -ensure they are evaluated by a professional pelvic inflammatory disease - Correct Answers -infection of the upper female reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes) -almost exclusively in sexually active women -generalized lower abdominal pain

  • STDs can lead to PID what could be life threatening with pelvic inflammatory disease - Correct Answers -- ectopic pregnancy -sterility -development of life-threatening abscess Know who should be taken to a trauma center after a car accident - Correct Answers - everybody goes to trauma center when there was a high speed crash/ death involved Treatment for pelvic fractures - Correct Answers -circumferential compression is an effective and safe method to stabilize a pelvic fracture. May result in life threatening hemorrhage. Treatment for arterial bleeds - Correct Answers -sterile bandage and direct pressure until bleeding stops

spleen is located and signs and symptoms of a spleen injury - Correct Answers -May present with refereed pain to the shoulders. intra-abdominal why we splint injuries - Correct Answers -joint: splint from bone above and bone below (i.e. elbow- splint from upper arm to forearm and immobilize in position found in/most comfortable) long bone: splint from joint to joint (i.e. if broken forearm, splint from elbow to wrist or if broken fibula, splint from knee to ankle) How to treat an evisceration - Correct Answers -use a wet, sterile gauze to cover exposed organs then place an occlusive dressing over compresses and tape all four sides. Transport immediately Rule of Palms (total surface area for burns) - Correct Answers -estimate size of burn. The palm of the person burned (exclude fingers and wrist) is roughly 1% of the body first degree burns - Correct Answers -superficial burn; involve only top layer of skin (epidermis) -skin turns red but does not blister or burn through top layer -ex: sunburn second degree burns - Correct Answers -partial-thickness burn; involves epidermis and some portion of dermis -do not destroy entire thickness of skin nor is subcutaneous tissue injured -moist, mottled, red or white skin

  • blisters and intense pain third degree burns - Correct Answers -full-thickness burn; dry or wet gauze for burns? - Correct Answers -dry retina - Correct Answers -- light-sensitive area at the back of the globe
  • the retina is nourished by a layer of blood vessels between it and the sclera at the back of the globe (this layer is choroid) Retinal detachment - Correct Answers -retina detaches from underlying choroid and sclera
  • the nerve endings are not nourished and the patient experiences partial or full blindness -can be a result of blunt eye injury (from sports such as boxing) Basilar skull fractures - Correct Answers --generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with a radiograph -associated with high-energy trauma, but usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (e.g. falls and car crashes)

wheezing - Correct Answers -Difficult breathing with a high-pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration -allergic reaction, obstruction, infection stridor vs. wheezing - Correct Answers -strider occurs in upper airway whereas wheezing occurs in the lower airway pediatric assessment triangle - Correct Answers --form a general impression without having to touch patient and can be performed in less than 30 seconds

  • 3 components: appearance, circulation to skin, work of breathing PAT- appearance - Correct Answers --Note LOC, interactiveness, and muscle tone. -You can use the AVPU scale, modified as necessary for the pediatric patient's age. -normal LOC: act appropriately for age, good muscle tone, good eye contact -TICLS mnemonics helps determine if patient is sick or not sick: Tone, Interactiveness, Consolability, Look or gaze, Speech or cry PAT- breathing - Correct Answers --Increases as the body attempts to compensate for abnormalities in oxygenation and ventilation -May manifest as abnormal airway noise, accessory muscle use, retractions, head bobbing, nasal flaring, tachypnea, and tripod position. PAT- circulation - Correct Answers --When cardiac output fails, the body shunts blood from areas of lesser need to areas of greater need. -Pallor of skin and mucous membranes may be seen in compensated shock. -Mottling is sign of poor perfusion. -Cyanosis reflects decreased level of oxygen what signs would you see in dehydration of an infant - Correct Answers --"tenting"/ poor skin turgor -depressed fontanelle deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - Correct Answers -blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs -common medical problem in sedentary patients and those with recent injury or surgery -often put on blood thinner to prevent clotting -worrisome for joint replacement surgery -life threat can develop if clot from DVT travels from lower extremity to lung, causing pulmonary embolus vasovagal response - Correct Answers -Fainting due to overreacting to certain triggers; causes heart rate and blood pressure to drop suddenly; Elderly people may experience this when using the restroom

Delirium vs Dementia - Correct Answers -delirium: a symptom, not a disease. Presents as a new complaint rather than long-standing behavioral alteration. Temporary state that has a physical or mental cause (infection, med change, hypoxia, etc.) can be reversed with proper treatment dementia: the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. Generally chronic and irreversible subdural hematoma - Correct Answers --accumulation of blood beneath dura mater but outside the brain

  • bleeding within subdural space typically results from rupture of veins that bridge cerebral cortex and dura -usually occurs after falls -older people on blood thinner and those w history of alcohol are at higher risk -associated with venous bleeding, fluctuating LOC or slurred speech Down syndrome patients what disease process they are likely to have - Correct Answers --round head with flat occiuput, enlarged, protruding tongue, slanted, wide-set eyes -congenital heart defects -thyroid problems -hearing/vision problems -some level of intellectual disability -increased risk for medical complications such as leukemia and neurological development. -some with down syndrome have epilepsy -15% have unstable atlantoaxial joint: increased risk of complication when experience trauma hydrocephalus - Correct Answers -some patients with spina bifida (a disabling birth defect) have hydrocephalus as well which requires the placement of a shunt to drain excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid from the brain TLDR: abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles deep within the brain stable vs. unstable transport - Correct Answers -stable- no lights or sirens unstable- lights, sirens, fast phases of dispatch call - Correct Answers --preparation -dispatch -en route -scene -transfer -transport -delivery -en route to station

JUMPSTART

red tag (highest priority) - Correct Answers -breathing but pulseless, apneic and responsive to positioning or rescue breathing, or who are inappropriately responsive to painful stimuli JUMPSTART black tag (deceased or expectant deceased) - Correct Answers -both apneic and pulseless JumpSTART triage - Correct Answers -developed for pediatric patients (START triage didn't account for developmental and physiologic differences in children).

  • 4 triage categories for diff levels of urgency for treatment -decision points include: ability to walk (excluding infants), spontaneous breathing, respiratory rate <15 or >45, palpable peripheral pulse, painful stimuli response material safety data sheet - Correct Answers -provides basic information about the chemical makeup of a substance, hazards, first aid in event of exposure, other pertinent data for safe handling of the material, signs/ symptoms of exposure, etc. why would you need to follow incident commanders' requests - Correct Answers - personal safety, they assess the scene and patient so they can dictate how medical care and transport will proceed (overall command of the scene). solid organs of the abdomen - Correct Answers -the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries (in women) hollow organs of the abdomen - Correct Answers -the gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and bladder.