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Unit 1 Mindtap Questions with correct answers
What is the current definition of psychology? - Correct Answer-The scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions From which disciplines did psychology originate? - Correct Answer-Psychology originated from philosophy and the natural sciences. What early theory of psychology sought to understand the smallest elements of mental experience? - Correct Answer-Structuralism What early approach in psychology viewed all behavior as purposeful and as contributing to survival? - Correct Answer-Functionalism Which approach in psychological study was focused on observable, measurable behavior and had a deep interest in learning? - Correct Answer-Behaviorism What impact does evolutionary theory have on the science of psychology? - Correct Answer-Evolutionary theory was a catalyst for functionalism and several theories that followed. What early approach in psychology encouraged the consideration of the whole perceptive experience? - Correct Answer-Gestalt psychology Who is regarded as the first psychologist and is often referred to as the father of psychology? - Correct Answer-Wilhelm Wundt Which psychological perspective focuses on the relationship between mind and behavior, as well as their underlying processes? - Correct Answer-Biological psychology
Which option provides the best description of the cognitive approach to psychology? - Correct Answer-The approach that studies how we think, or process information, remember, and decide Dr. McLean believes that behavior exists in its present form because it provided some advantage to our ancestors. What perspective is Dr. McLean using? - Correct Answer-Evolutionary psychology What do social psychologists study? - Correct Answer-The effects of the social environment, including social and cultural diversity What type of psychologist provides academic and career counseling as part of their career? - Correct Answer-School psychologist Mary is interested in understanding an individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving. What topic should she choose to study? - Correct Answer- Personality James, a new undergraduate student, is feeling a sense of doom and lacks energy and motivation, which is creating difficulties in his school life. Who should James see for help? - Correct Answer-A clinical psychologist Developmental psychologists are interested in which of the following areas of study? - Correct Answer-The normal changes in behavior that occur across the life span Humanistic psychologists like Maslow challenged Freud's psychodynamic theory by positing which of the following views? - Correct Answer-That people are innately good and are motivated to improve
Stephanie wants to learn about the behavior of lemurs in their normal surroundings. What research method should she use? - Correct Answer- Naturalistic observation An in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people is called what? - Correct Answer-Case study Kelly wants to know what flavors of ice cream students would like to have available in the student union café. What is an inexpensive way she can identify and reach a large number of students in order to find out? - Correct Answer-Survey When the sample participants selected for a survey reflect the characteristics of the population being studied, the sample is said to be which of the following? - Correct Answer-A representative sample What type of research allows the researcher to measure the direction and strength of the relationship between variables without cause and effect? - Correct Answer- Correlational research Peggy has hypothesized that using fertilizer will increase the yield of the tomato plants in her garden. In this experiment, which variable is the independent variable? - Correct Answer-The fertilizer What research method is used to assess age-related changes in which data is obtained from the same individuals at intervals over a long period of time? - Correct Answer-Longitudinal study José has collected data on an experiment. He plans to organize the data into meaningful patterns that reveal the mean, median, and mode. What form of analysis is José using? - Correct Answer-Descriptive statistics
What term describes a measure of how tightly clustered a group of scores from a data set is around the average? - Correct Answer-Standard deviation If a researcher wants to extend the conclusions reached from the data drawn from sample populations to a larger population, the researcher would use what type of data analysis? - Correct Answer-Inferential statistics A researcher has thoroughly explained the risks and benefits of an experimental procedure to the research participant. When the research participant then provides permission for the researcher to conduct the procedure, the participant is acknowledging which of the following? - Correct Answer-Informed consent James is conducting a research study that requires the collection of health-related data from participants. Substituting codes for names, storing data in locked cabinets, and collecting data anonymously helps James meet the guidelines for ethical research in what way? - Correct Answer-Ensuring confidentiality In an experiment, which group experiences all experimental procedures except exposure to the independent variable? - Correct Answer-Control group What is one limitation of experimental research? - Correct Answer-Experimental research conducted in a lab may produce artificial results. Researchers using human participants and working in universities and other agencies receiving federal funding must submit their research for approval to which of the following bodies? - Correct Answer-An institutional review board (IRB)
What scientific field attempts to identify and understand the relationship between one's genetic code and their actions? - Correct Answer-Behavioral genetics Which subfield of genetics looks for genes that have a greater impact on a specific trait than other genes? - Correct Answer-Molecular genetics Ryan is interested in understanding more about gene-environment interactions in the production of phenotypes. What field should he explore? - Correct Answer- Epigenetics Which of the following terms is defined as the statistical likelihood that variations observed in a population are because of genetics? - Correct Answer-Heritability New technologies now allow researchers to scan complete sets of DNA from many participants, looking for variations associated with a particular phenotype, condition, or disease. What are these studies called? - Correct Answer- Genomewide association studies Which of the following terms did Charles Darwin use to describe the process by which pressures on survival and reproduction change the frequency of alleles in subsequent generations? - Correct Answer-Natural selection What do geneticists call change that occurs in a population's genes from one generation to the next because of chance or accident? - Correct Answer-Genetic drift The adaptation of an organism is thought to occur for which of the following reasons? - Correct Answer-To improve an organism's fitness for survival
Carol offers her seat on the bus to a woman carrying a small child. What do social scientists call this type of behavior? - Correct Answer-Altruism Based on his research and theories, Darwin would describe sexual selection in which of the following ways? - Correct Answer-The development of traits that help an individual compete for mates What behavior benefits both parties involved in a social interaction? - Correct Answer-Cooperation Sandy loaned her classmate change for the vending machine at school one day. When her friend committed to pay her back later, Sandy said her friend could return the favor another day. What type of behavior has Sandy demonstrated? - Correct Answer-Reciprocal altruism In the late 18th century, phrenologists believed that a person's character could be determined using what process? - Correct Answer-By locating bumps on a person's head Which of the following technologies is often used to assess stages of sleep and waking? - Correct Answer-Electroencephalogram (EEG) Which major component of the body consists of the brain and the spinal cord? - Correct Answer-The central nervous system (CNS) Which of the following carries sensory and motor information between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body? - Correct Answer-The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Kelly is walking to her car late in the evening and hears a trash can rattling nearby; her heart begins to race, and she suddenly experiences a rush of energy. What division of Kelly's nervous system is most active at this time? - Correct Answer- Sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with which of the following? - Correct Answer-Rest, repair, and energy storage Which body system releases hormones into the blood? - Correct Answer- Endocrine system Which nerve cell structure is responsible for passing information to the cells around it? - Correct Answer-Axon Which of the following neurochemicals is associated with movement, planning, and reward? - Correct Answer-Dopamine Which neurotransmitter is best known for influencing mood, appetite, and sleep? - Correct Answer-Serotonin Epinephrine and norepinephrine influence which of the following? - Correct Answer-Arousal and vigilance Many antidepressants, such as Prozac, act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake. What does this mean? - Correct Answer-The recapture of released neurochemical molecules by the releasing (presynaptic) cell slows down, giving the molecules more opportunities to interact with receptors.
