TNCC Burn and Surface Trauma 2025
Adult fluid replacement for ELECTRICAL burns - ANS4mL/kg
Note that this is different from standard fluid replacement for burns (wt x 2mL x %
TBSA)
carbon monoxide poisoning - ANSCO replaces oxygen and hemoglobin creating
carboxyhemoglobin
s/s headache, confusion, nausea or vomiting
half-life of CO is about one hour on 100% oxygen
Treat with oxygen until carboxyhemoglobin levels drop to less than 10% (ABG)
Frostbite treatment - ANSRewarm area over 15 to 30 minutes in controlled temperature
water (98.6-102.2)
Give pain medicine
Avoid friction or rubbing
Myoglobinuria Treatment - ANSSodium bicarb infusion to alkalize urine (promoting
excretion of myoglobin)
Prevent oliguria
Normalize serum electrolytes
Decompress any areas with compartment syndrome
Pediatric or less than 40 kg burn fluid replacement formula - ANS3 mL/kg per % TBSA
in addition infants and children weighing less than 30 kg should be placed on a glucose
containing maintenance fluid, specifically D5 LR.
"yaw" of a projectile - ANSability to move up and down
acceleration forces - ANSsudden and rapid onset of motion
ex: parked car hit by a high speed vehicle
another form of mechanical energy with compression forces - ANShanging,
strangulation, or compression asphyxia (chemical)
Biomechanics - ANSgeneral study of forces and their effects on living tissue & the
human body
cavitation - ANSseparation of tissue resulting from a sound and/or hydraulic wave force
can cause crushing/tearing/shearing forces
Chemical energy - ANSheat energy transfer from active chemical substances such as
chlorine, drain cleaner, acids, or plants
