Understanding Human Communication through Hockett's 13 Design Features in Speech Chain - P, Study notes of Speech-Language Pathology

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Today’s class will include:

 Finish movie/Lecture  In-class project

The Speech Chain (Denes & Pinson)

Speaker’s Brain to Listener’s Brain

The Speech Chain

1. Message created by the speaker.
2. Message is put into language form
3. Neural impulses are sent to the speech mechanism, triggering speech movements.
4. The movements produce disturbances in the air called “sound waves”.
5. Sound waves are received by the listener’s hearing mechanism.
6. Acoustic patterns are transformed into the neural equivalent of the speaker’s message.

Charles F. Hockett (1960)

 He wrote an essay entitled “The Origin of Speech”.  He describes the “ thirteen-design-features ” of language.  These features SEPARATE human speech form other forms of animal communication.

2. Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception Sending and Receiving Signals When speech is produced, it radiates in all directions and can be received by any listener who is in range.  The listener that can hear well can compare the loudness and timing of the signals in each ear and can determine the direction from which the sound is coming.

2. Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception Sending and Receiving Signals When speech is produced, it radiates in all directions and can be received by any listener who is in range.  The listener that can hear well can compare the loudness and timing of the signals in each ear and can determine the direction from which the sound is coming.

4. Interchangeability

If you can say it, I can say it  Any human being can say anything that is said by any other human being. Males and females can produce the same speech forms.

5. Total Feedback

Did I Say That?...Did I Mean That?  We monitor what we say and how we say it.  We get feedback from our senses.

7. Semanticity

Sending Messages Loud and Clear  Humans convey very specific messages with words having relatively stable relationships with the people, things, events and concepts they represent.

8. Arbitrariness

Because we say so!  We use words to refer to people, things, events and concepts in human experiences that do not directly reflect their referents.

10. Displacement

Back to the Future  Humans can talk about things that are distant in time and space.

11. Productivity

The Creativity of the Mind and Mouth This in one of the most important design-features of human speech.  We have the ability to be creative in our communication efforts.

13. Traditional Transmission

Born to Talk Speech is instinctive to humans. We have a genetic or biological capacity for language so powerful that few environmental factors can stop the acquisition of speech.

Hockett’s Four Differentiating Features

 Semanticity  Displacement  Productivity  Traditional Transmission