Understanding the Periodic Table: Coloring and Identifying Elements, Lecture notes of Chemistry

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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

• We can find out LOTS of information about an element based on

where it is on the periodic table!

• You will need 9 different colored pencils:
  • Blue
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Purple
  • Red
  • Green
  • Light Green
  • Light Blue
  • Black (or your pencil!)

Staircase

• Draw a dark black zigzag line (staircase) to distinguish between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
• Start by keeping B, Si, As, Te, and At to the RIGHT of the line and Al, Ge, Sb, and Po to the LEFT of the line.

Metals

• Found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table
• Usually silver-gray in color (except Cu and Au)
• Usually solid (except Hg, which is a liquid)
• Lustrous (shiny) appearance
• Malleable - can be bent or hammered flat
• Ductile - can be drawn into wire
• Good conductors of heat/electricity
• React with acids
• High melting point
• Most elements are metals (~80%)

Nonmetals

• Color the following

elements to the RIGHT of

the zigzag LIGHT BLUE to

show they are nonmetals.

• Include Hydrogen here.

Hydrogen is the only

element that is not found

in any family (ORPHAN

ELEMENT).

Nonmetals

• Found to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table
• Dull in appearance and do not reflect light
• Exist as either solids or gas, except bromine, which is a liquid
• Many brittle and cannot be hammered into sheets
• Poor conductors of electricity and heat
• Little or no reaction with acids
• Low melting points

Metalloids

• Found on both sides of the zigzag line (right along it) except

for aluminum & polonium

• Show properties of both metals and nonmetals
  • Solid, silvery-grey in appearance, some react w/ acids, some

do not react w/acids, some have high melting points, some

have low melting points

• Semiconductors of heat/electricity
• When mixed with small amounts of other elements the

conductivity of metalloids increases

Noble Gases

• Elements on the far right in

Group 18 are the Noble

Gases

• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• Color these elements

BLUE!

Alkali Metals

• Elements on the far left in

Group 1 are the Alkali Metals

• Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• Color these elements

ORANGE.

• Hydrogen is NOT in this

group, even though it lives

above it.

Alkali Metals

• Alkali metals are found in column 1 on the periodic table.
• The alkali metals contain elements K, Na, Li, Rb, Cs, and Fr.
• The alkali metals are solid at room temperature. They are malleable, lustrous

and ductile. They have very good conductivity. They are all HIGHLY

REACTIVE!!

• The outer shell electron configuration for alkali metals is ns 1

• Alkali metals have 1 electron (1 valence electron) in their outermost shell.

They will LOSE 1 electron when they become an ion. Alkali metals combine

with halogens to create salts.

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Alkaline earth metals are found in column 2 on the periodic table.
• The alkaline earth metals contain elements Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
• The alkaline earth metals are solid at room temperature. They are

malleable, lustrous and ductile. They are good conductors. They are all

VERY REACTIVE!!

• The outer shell electron configuration for alkaline earth metals is ns 2

• Alkaline earth metals have 2 electrons (2 valence electrons) in their

outermost shell. They will LOSE 2 electrons when they become an ion.

Halogens

• Elements in Group 17 are the Halogens - F, Cl, Br, I
• Color these elements PURPLE.

Transition Metals

• Elements in groups 3-12 are Transition Metals.
• Color these elements RED.
• Elements on the bottom of the periodic table are the Inner Transition Metals. These are composed of the Lanthanides and Actinides.
• Color these elements RED as well.
  • They react and behave as transition metals.

States of Matter

• Outline elements Br and Hg symbols in BLUE! They are liquids at room temperature.
• Outline N, O, F, Cl, H and all of the Noble Gas symbols in RED! They are gases at room temperature.
• Add a key
  • Blue outline = Liquid
  • Red outline = Gas