The Evolution of Animal Diversity: From Sponges to Mammals - Prof. Stephen J. Salek, Quizzes of Biology

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The Evolution of Animal

Diversity

Dr. Stephen J. Salek

Biology 130

Fayetteville State University

Create your own animal?

• Start with a basic plant. Make the plant into a

simple animal such as a worm. Consider:

• Body form, cell types, feeding, reproduction,

movement, lifespan, size, growth, development

Animal Phyla

Example •^

Sponges

-^

Jellyfish

-^

Flatworms

-^

Roundworms

-^

Segmented worms

-^

Crabs, insects

-^

Snails, squid, clams

-^

Starfish, sand dollars

-^

Mammals, birds etc.

Phyla •^

Porifora

-^

Cnidaria

-^

Platyhelminthes

-^

Nematoda

-^

Annelida

-^

Arthropoda

-^

Mollusca

-^

Echinodermata

-^

Chordata

S

ome

an

i

ma

l

s

a

lt

erna

t

e

generations

• Diploid adult is

dominant

• Sperm or eggs

produced bymeiosis

Campbell 18.

Animals

• Digest food inside multicellular

bodies

• Composed of diploid cells except

gametes

Animals evolved from

Choanoflagellate Ancestors

Campbell Fig. 18.3 D

• nucleic acids match • large colonies of

choanoflagellates, turnedoutside-in, would resemble sponges

small choanoflagellate colony

Choanocyte of a Sponge

Campbell 18.3C

• Sponges are simple

multicellularanimals

• Have porous bodies• Filter feed using

chonaocytes andphagocytosis

Main Cell Types

Campbell 18.3C

• Choanocytes-

create water flowand trap food

• Amoebocytes- pick

up food, digest it,carry it to othercells

Other Sponge Body Forms

Spicules

• mineral needles• may be calcium carbonate

or silica (glass)

• for skeletal support and

defense

Cnidarians

Major Characteristics

• Radial symmetry • Have two body types and a larval form
  • Polyp, medusa, and planula body forms
    • Two tissue layers

epidermis

and

gastrodermis

• Incomplete gut - “gastrovascular cavity” • Cnidocytes - stinging cells

Two Types of Bodies

Campbell Fig. 18.4 A-C

polyp

(attached, mouth-up)

medusa(free-drifting, mouth-down)

Cnidocyte Campbell Fig. 18.4 D

cnidocil or

trigger

nucleus

Pop Quiz

• List 3 distinguishing characteristics

of the following two animal phya

• A)

Porifera

• B)

Cnidaria