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Explain in objective, probelm formulation, theory of characterization, theory of feminism and Moana Characteristics and summary.
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Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By ANGELA TANJUNGSARI WIJAYATI Student Number: 154214023
ii
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By ANGELA TANJUNGSARI WIJAYATI Student Number: 154214023
vii
(Hindia)
viii
FOR
MY BELOVED PARENTS,
MY SISTER,
AND MY JESUS CHRIST.
x
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. ii APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................ ..... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ......................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ........ vi MOTTO PAGE .......................................................................................................... vii DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xii ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ..................................................................................... 6 C. Objective of the Study ................................................................................... 7 D. Definition of Terms........................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......................................................... 9 A. Review of Related Studies ............................................................................. 9 B. Review of Related Theories ........................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 19 A. Object of the Study ........................................................................................ 19 B. Approach of the Study ................................................................................... 20 C. Method of the Study....................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 22 A. Moana's Characteristics ................................................................................. 22
- Motunui Island 1. Moana’s Struggle to Gain Freedom by Fulfill her Desire to Save - 2. Moana’s Bravery to Break the Rules by Cross the Ocean - 3. Moana’s Capacity to Think and Deals with All the Situations xiii
WIJAYATI, ANGELA TANJUNGSARI. (2020). The Character of Moana in The Disney Movie Script Moana seen from Liberal Feminism. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Fokus pada skripsi adalah pemeran utama wanita yang bernama Moana, anak dari Tui ketua suku Pulau Motunui. Skripsi ini berfokus pada naskah film Moana yang diedarkan oleh The Walt Disney. Sang kepala suku membuat aturan- aturan khusus untuk wanita. Para wanita Pulau Motunui dilarang untuk menyeberangi lautan, memanjat pohon, wajib membuat jala, harus membuat api dari dedaunan, dan harus mempelajari tarian ritual untuk nenek moyang mereka. Sejak saat itu, aktivitas para perempuan menjadi terbatas sedangkan para lelaki tidak dibatasi oleh aturan tertentu.
Terdapat dua rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini. Yang pertama yakni menganalisis karakteristik Moana dalam naskah film. Lalu yang kedua ialah menganalisis feminis liberal yang tercermin pada tingkah laku Moana.
Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menerapkan teori karakterisasi milik Murphy untuk menganalisis karakter Moana. Selain itu, penulis juga menggunakan pendekatan feminis liberal untuk menganalisis tingkah laku Moana. Terdapat dua macam sumber yang diterapkan pada skripsi ini yaitu primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer yakni naskah film Moana. Lalu sumber primer adalah internet, buku-buku, jurnal artikel, dan skripsi. Selain itu, metode penelitian perpustakaan dibutuhkan untuk mendukung skripsi ini.
Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Moana memiliki delapan karakter. Karakter tersebut adalah optimis, berpikiran terbuka, suportif, keras kepala, pemberani, memiliki keingintahuan yang besar, independen, dan responsif. Lebih jauh lagi, penulis berfokus pada tiga poin feminis liberal. Poin pertama yaitu kegigihan Moana untuk memperjuangankan kebebasan dengan cara memenuhi apa yang ia inginankan untuk menyelamatkan Pulau Motunui. Poin kedua yakni keberanian Moana untuk mendobrak aturan-aturan yang dibuat oleh kepala suku Tui. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan cara ia menyeberangi lautan, mencari Maui, dan menghantarkan Maui mengembalikkan hati Te Fiti. Lalu poin ketiga adalah kemampuan Moana untuk berpikir dan mengatasi segala situasi. Ketiga hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari respon Moana terhadap setiap masalah ketika Pulau Motunui dalam bahaya.
Kata kunci : Moana, Disney, liberal feminism
1
A. Background of the Study
Literature has been popular since the 1890 era. The term of literature is
known as the entirety of written expression, but not every written document or
text can be defined as literature. Literature has a significant impact on several
aspects. The several aspects that are impacted by literature are education,
economy, law, art, and many more. On law, literature can lead the misconceptions
about the lawyer’s role (Thompson, 2012, p. 21). The example of the lawyer’s
role is what a lawyer should do if a client confesses to a crime, and examined in
the context of legal ethics, popular culture, and literature. The rules of legal ethics
provided a lawyer about what they should do and protect the client. Meanwhile,
literature contributes to distinguishing decent human beings from effective
lawyers and misrepresenting the facts (Thompson, 2012, p. 22).
Mansour (2016) a Saudi’s first female film director states that “art can touch
people and make them open up” (as cited in The World Economic Forum website,
p. 1 ). A film entitled A Girl in the River , which is directed by Obaid Chinoy, is
one of the examples. The main character is a teenage girl named Saba Qaisera,
who survives an attempted murder at the hands of her father. Her father is
justified in trying to kill his daughter because he thinks that he has to protect his
family from what the dishonor Saba brings on them by falling in love and getting
married. According to Stephanie Thompson (2016) states that there are several
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Miles (2017) states that “there are six steps to understanding someone’s
script” (as cited in Pen and the Pad, p. 2). The first step is assessing the suitability
of that work. The second step is reading and understanding the whole text from
the beginning until the end. The third step is analyzing the concept of the movie.
The fourth step is to analyze the structure of the movie. The fifth step is to analyze
the individual scenes of the screenplay. It means that every scene has its
contribution to the story. Each scene must have a beginning, middle, and end.
Moreover, from scene one to another must be connected. The last step is to
analyze the character, that are actors, and actresses.
In the movie industry, actors and actresses have an equal and important role.
On the other part, actresses rarely chosen as the main character. Women are still
seen as one level below men that triggers men to over-rule women. The feminist
movements started a long time ago. However, there are still many inequality cases
that are faced by women. According to Whelehan and Pilcher in their book
entitled Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies , they state that
It soon became understood to denote the political stance of someone committed to changing the social position of women. Since the term has taken on the sense of one who believes that women subjugated because of their sex and that women deserve at least formal equality in the eyes of the law (Whelehan and Pilcher, 2004, p. 48).
This quotation explains that the idea of feminist critics can be implied in
some aspects of the story, including men’s power to rule women. Based on
Humm’s A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Critics “feminist
criticism shares three basic assumptions which are the ideology of gender
4
construction, sex-relation to writings, and tradition of social norms” (Humm,
2015, p.60).
According to Lauzen, in the movie industry, women are comprised less than
a third of speaking parts in the top-grossing domestic movies, and only 15 % of
protagonists (Lauzen, 2016, p. 2). It means that women are often chosen as
supporting characters. Carter (2017) states that “women are paid 20 percent less
than their men counterparts performing the same job” (as cited in Consumer News
and Business Channel website). Further, Gauntlett states that “the traditional
views of woman as a housewife or low-status worker have been kick-boxed”
(Gauntlett, 2008, p. 279). From those statements, we know that women are still
seen as one level lower than men.
Based on Humm’s A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary
Critics , feminist criticism shares three basic assumptions. There are the ideology
of gender construction, sex-relation to writings, and tradition of social norms
(Humm, 2005, p.252). Humm also states below.
Inevitably, the ideologies of women are likely to encompass more contradictions than the ideologies of men since women provided with many more confusing images of themselves than are men (Humm, 2005, p.5).
From that statement, feminist critics concern about women who are valued
lower than men. Feminist critics deal with women who are being subordinated in
their social class and is limited to express and access in public or social utilities.
Rosemarie Tong is one of the American feminist philosophers who
distributed a book entitled Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive
Introduction in 1998. Tong states eight types of feminism. There are liberal
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Moana. Grandma Tala also mentions Maui; a demigod who stole the heart of Te
Fiti and causing many difficulties on Motunui Island. The only way to save
Motunui Island is by finding Maui and delivering him to return the heart of Te
Fiti.
The writer analyzes the characteristic of Moana, a girl who has been told
to be the next chief of Motunui Island. Lang (2015) states that “a feminist activist,
“research is still revealing that women are overwhelming valued in the movie
based on their identification as a mother, wife, or lover” (as cited in Scholar
Works, p. 8 ).
According to Ron Clements and John Musker, the characterization of
Moana is inspired by the Polynesian girl; thick body, curly frizzy hair, brown-
colored skin. Barbely (2016) states that Moana has her own identity that
differentiates herself from other Disney princesses like Snow White and Princess
Jasmine (retrieved on November 2, 2019). The reason why the writer chooses this
topic is that Moana movie represents the writer’s opinion of being a girl. As a girl,
we are free to be whatever we want, explore ourselves, learn something
interesting rather than following the rules that make us do not enjoy our lives.
Furthermore, the writer wants to explore and challenge herself through this study.
B. Problem Formulation
Three questions are formulated based on the background of the study:
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C. Objectives of the Study
There are two objectives of this study. The first objective is to analyze
Moana’s characteristics that are found in the movie script. The second objective is
to conclude how liberal feminism reflected through Moana’s actions.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to understand more about this topic, some terms should be defined.
According to Amy Baehr (2013) states five focus of liberal feminism. Those kinds
of liberal feminism such as personal autonomy, political autonomy, justification,
historical, and criticism (retrieved October 3, 2019). Based on all of those kinds,
there are only one kinds of them that is found in this study which is political
autunomy. The first term is the political autonomy. The proof of Baehr stated
below.
Attempts to increase women’s participation in public deliberation and electoral politics confort a vicious circle of women’s exclusion. The gender system leads to women’s being underrepresented in influential forums of public deliberation, including in elected law-making bodies. For example women have less free time to engage in public deliberation because of the double-burden they carry of paid and unpaid labor; sex stereotyping leads many to think that women are less capable of leadership than men, the behavior called for in agonistic public deliberation and electoral politics is understood to be masculine; issues of particular interest to women are seen as personal and not political issues; women lack power in the many institutions (like churches, universities, and think tanks) that influence political debate, etc. (Baehr, 2013 ).
The second term is Liberal Feminism. In her book, Tong states that
feminist theory is an attempt to describe women’s oppression, explain the causes
and consequences, and to prescribe strategies for women’s liberation (Tong, 2009,
p. 40 ).