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Test bank for APHY-Ch.1 Intro To Human
Anatomy and Physiology Complete
question and answer
Anatomy - Answer>>The study of body structure Physiology - Answer>>The study of body function subatomic particles - Answer>>protons, neutrons, electrons Atom - Answer>>tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon) Molecule - Answer>>A group of atoms bonded together Macromolecules - Answer>>A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules Organelle - Answer>>A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell Cell - Answer>>The basic unit of structure and function in living things Tissues - Answer>>layers or mass of cells with specific function Organ - Answer>>A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function organ system - Answer>>group of organs that work together to perform a common function Organism - Answer>>A living thing
Ultrasound - Answer>>high-frequency sound waves used to create an image of a developing fetus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answer>>Magnetic field changes alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-resolution images of internal structures, such as the brain internal environment - Answer>>environment within the body Homeostasis - Answer>>The maintenance of a constant internal environment structure and function - Answer>>interrelated interdependency of cells - Answer>>cells depend on each other Gradients and Permeability - Answer>>Cells move from high to low, down pressure and concentration gradients, across permeable membranes cellular differentiation - Answer>>specialization of cells due to gene expression cell membrane mechanisms - Answer>>Determine entry of substances, responds to signals cell to cell communication - Answer>>via membrane receptors feedback loop - Answer>>homeostatic mechanisms for stability Balance - Answer>>replacement of lost substances, elimination of excesses
foods - Answer>>provides the body with nutrients to supply energy Oxygen - Answer>>releases energy from food heat - Answer>>a form of energy, helps maintain body temperature, partly controls metabolic reactions Pressure - Answer>>- application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure - important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure - keeps blood flowing Three parts of homeostatic mechanism - Answer>>receptor, control center, effector Receptor - Answer>>detects and provides information about the stimuli control center - Answer>>decision-maker that maintains the set point Effector - Answer>>muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment homeostatic mechanisms - Answer>>self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed negative feedback - Answer>>The most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. Ex: (controls body temp, blood pressure, glucose level in the blood). positive feedback - Answer>>change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changed condition.
short lived produce unstable conditions Ex: (blood clotting, uterine contractions of childbirth) 2 main portions of the body - Answer>>axial and appendicular axial region - Answer>>head, neck, trunk appendicular region - Answer>>upper and lower limbs Major Body Cavities - Answer>>cranial(houses brain), vertebral(spinal cord), thoracic(houses lungs and thoracic viscera), abdominopelvic(abdominal and pelvic viscera) Diaphragm - Answer>>muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities Mediastinum - Answer>>Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes. abdominal cavity - Answer>>extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys small intestine, most of large intestine pelvic cavity - Answer>>enclosed by pelvic bones, and contains end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs small cavities in head - Answer>>oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities serous membrane - Answer>>thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist
digestive system - Answer>>Receives food, breaks down food, excretes waste respiratory system - Answer>>moves air in and out of the body, exchanges gases between blood and air; absorbs oxygen urinary system - Answer>>removes waste products from blood and maintains water balance within body reproductive system - Answer>>produces offspring anatomical position - Answer>>To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward Superior - Answer>>above Inferior - Answer>>below Anterior (ventral) - Answer>>toward the front Posterior (dorsal) - Answer>>toward the back Medial - Answer>>toward the midline Lateral - Answer>>away from the midline bilateral - Answer>>paired structures; on both sides
Ipsilateral - Answer>>same side Contralateral - Answer>>opposite side Proximal - Answer>>Closer to the point of attachment Distal - Answer>>away from the trunk superficial - Answer>>near the surface deep - Answer>>more internal sagittal section - Answer>>divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts parasagittal section - Answer>>divides the body into unequal left and right portions mid-sagittal section (median) - Answer>>divides body into equal left and right portions transverse or horizontal section - Answer>>divides the body into superior and inferior portions coronal or frontal section - Answer>>longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions cross-section - Answer>>a cut across the structure oblique section - Answer>>an angular cut
