Download Types, Functions, and Compositions of Glands and Connective Tissues and more Quizzes Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Types of Tissue (4)
epithelial muscle nervous connective TERM 2
Paramecium
DEFINITION 2 unicellular organism that can live as an individual TERM 3
Epithelial Tissue Function/Location
DEFINITION 3 6 FUNCTIONS: 1. protects, covers, lines 2. filters biochemical substances 3. absorbs nutrients 4. provides sensory input 5. manufactures secretions 6. manufactures excretions LOCATION: small intestines, skin TERM 4
Connective Tissue Function
DEFINITION 4 provides support TERM 5
Muscle Tissue Function
DEFINITION 5 enables movement
Nervous Tissue Function
controls work TERM 7
Gross Anatomy
DEFINITION 7 the study of anatomical structures that can be seen with the naked eye bones, muscles, arteries, veins, and nerves TERM 8
Histology (Microanatomy)
DEFINITION 8 the study of the microsopic structures of tissues and organs TERM 9
Epithelial Characteristics
DEFINITION 9 Polar Avascular Innervated TERM 10
Apical Epithelial
DEFINITION 10 (top) faces lumen or outside of organ
Hemodesmosome
Half a desmosome link epithelial cells to basement membrane TERM 17
Gap Junctions
DEFINITION 17 tubular channel proteins(transmembrane) Connexons extend from cytoplasm to cytoplasm Allow exchange and passage of ions and nutrients Coordinate contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle Found in: intestinal epithelial, heart TERM 18
Basement Membrane
DEFINITION 18 foundation of the epithelial cell, connects e to c-tissue nonliving matrix protects cell from being torn off acts as partial barrier b/t e and c-tissue TERM 19
4 Surface Specialization Types
DEFINITION 19 smooth microvilli cilia keratin TERM 20
Epithelial Tissue Classification
DEFINITION 20 number of layers (simple, stratified) shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) surface specialization
Smooth Specialization
allow easy passage; blood vessels TERM 22
Microvilli
DEFINITION 22 finger-like projections increases surfaces area of cell, therefor increasing absorptive ability intestinal and urinary tracts TERM 23
Simple Squamous
DEFINITION 23 Description: single layer of flattened, smooth, hexagon shaped cells Location: Alveoli of lungs, lining in blood and lymphatic vessels, lining body cavities, filtration unites in kidney Function: where protection is not important and diffusion, filtration, secretion, and absorption is important TERM 24
Cilia
DEFINITION 24 thousands of tiny hairs beat in a rhythmic fashion to propel mucus and other materials across cell's apical border TERM 25
Simple Cuboidal
DEFINITION 25 Description: single row of tightly packed cubelike cells Location: tubules of kidney; terminal bronchioles in lungs, glands, their ducts, surface of ovaries Function: absorption and secretion(kidney) ciliated & assist w movement of particles(bronchioles) secretion (choroid plexus and glands)
Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelia
columnar epithelia with cilia covering their apical surfaces TERM 32
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
DEFINITION 32 Description: cells along basement membrane are metabolically active and dividing Location: areas subject to mechanical/chemical stress; GI tract, mouth, vagina, epidermis Function: protects underlying tissues TERM 33
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
DEFINITION 33 Description: two layers of cuboidal cells generally Location: ducts of mammary, sweat , and salivary glands Function: secretion, absorption, and protection TERM 34
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
DEFINITION 34 Description: several layers of cells in which basal cells are cuboidal and superficial are columnar Location: RARE; large ducts of mammary glands Function: secretion and protection TERM 35
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
DEFINITION 35 Description: appear stratified but are not; each cell is attached to basement membrane, ciliated Location: respiratory tract Function: surface layer of mucus traps particles which are moved away by cilia
Immunoglobulins
disease-fighting molecules that protect animals from pathogens TERM 37
Transitional Epithelium
DEFINITION 37 Description: stratified epithelium in which basal layer is composed of cuboidal or columnar cells and superficial layer is composed of cuboidal or squamous cells Location: urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra Function: flexible to accommodate fluctuations in amount of urine in bladder; forms permeable barrier to hold liquid and protect underlying tissues from urine TERM 38
Glandular Epithelium
DEFINITION 38 groups of cells that manufacture and discharge a secretion TERM 39
Gland Classifications (6)
DEFINITION 39 ducts number of cells shape of ducts complexity of structure type of secretion manner secretion is stored or discharged TERM 40
Endocrine Glands
DEFINITION 40 Epithelial no ducts produce secretions(hormones) hormones absorbed into blood so secretions go throughout the body part of endocrine system EXPL: pituitary and adrenal
3 Type of Gland Secretions
Serous watery, contain high concentration of enzymes Mucous thick, viscous, and composed of glycoproteins Mixed exocrine glands contain both types TERM 47
Connective Tissue Functions
DEFINITION 47 connections energy(fat) transport medium protective support healing process TERM 48
Connective Tissue is Composed of: (3)
DEFINITION 48 extracellular fibers ground substance cells TERM 49
Matrix
DEFINITION 49 composed of: Extracellular Fibers collagenous, reticular, elastic Ground Substance liquid, gel, solid TERM 50
Connective Fibers (3)
DEFINITION 50 Collegenous Reticular Elastic
Collagenous Fiber
strong thick strands composed of collagen bundles of microfibrils making up bundles of fibrils Microfibrils->Fibrils-> {word} Location: tendons and ligaments TERM 52
Reticular Fiber
DEFINITION 52 composed of collagen thin, delicate, branched into complicated networks provides support for highly cellular organs Location: spleen, bone marrow, blood vessels, muscle fibers capillaries TERM 53
Elastic Fiber
DEFINITION 53 composed primarily of the protein Elastin branched and complex but lack strength of collagneous fiber composed of bundles of coiled microfibrils that allow for stretching Location: vocal cords, lungs, skin TERM 54
Sebaceous Glands
DEFINITION 54 simple holocrine glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum through the hair follicle TERM 55
Ground Substance Types(3) and Functions(3)
DEFINITION 55 liquid, gel, calcified solid cells exchange nutrients and waste with blood protects the more delicate cells it envelopes obstacle for invading microorganisms
Chondroblast Location?
fibroblast found in cartilage TERM 62
Osteoblast Location:
DEFINITION 62 found in bone TERM 63
Adipocytes
DEFINITION 63 fat cells TERM 64
Reticular Cells
DEFINITION 64 flat star-shaped cells involved in the immune response and manufacture of reticular cells Location: tissues that are part of the immune system, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow TERM 65
Leaukocytes &
Function?
DEFINITION 65 white blood cells; found in blood and move into connective tissue during times of infection FUNCTION: engulf and digest invading microbes manufacture anitbodies
Diapedesis
the process of leukocytes squeezing through walls of tiny blood vessels to enter the surrounding tissue TERM 67
Mast Cells
DEFINITION 67 oval cells that contain large numbers of granules. the granules contin histamine and heparin LOCATION: near blood vessels TERM 68
Histamine
DEFINITION 68 increases blood flow to are by making the capillaries leaky TERM 69
Heparin
DEFINITION 69 prevents blood from clotting and ensures that the pathways for increased blood flow remain open TERM 70
Macrophages
DEFINITION 70 massive, irregularly shaped scavengers that may be either fixed or transient in connective tissue engulf microbes, deadcells, and debris Kupffer cells in liver microglial cells in brain histiocytes in loose connective tissue
Hyaluronidase
an enzyme that liquefies the matrix and allows white blood cells to pass through with greater ease TERM 77
Edema
DEFINITION 77 during trauma or other pathological states, the spaces in loose connective tissue can fill with an excessive amount of body fluid TERM 78
Pitting
Edema
DEFINITION 78 the edema will remain compressed in an area and leaves an impression rather than springing back TERM 79
Adipose Tissue
DEFINITION 79 FAT highly VASCULAR store energy thermal insulator mechanical shock absorber change size ADIPOCYTES TERM 80
White Adipose Tissue
DEFINITION 80 found throughout the body, particularly in the deep layers of the skin
Brown Adipose Tissue
found in newborn animals and animals that hibernate during the winter important for temperature regulation because it is a site of heat production cytoplasm clearly visible, high number of mitochondria more vascular than white fat TERM 82
Reticular Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 82 composed of thin reticular fibers; contains ONLY RETICULAR FIBERS FUNCTION: provides internal skeleton for hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue LOCATION: spleen. lymph nodes, bone marrow FIBROBLASTS TERM 83
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 83 tightly packed, parallel fibers; strength in one direction very little GS LOCATION: tendons and ligaments FUNCTION: resists strong pulling forces, great stretch resistance AVASCULAR FIBROBLASTS TERM 84
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 84 sheets of collagen bundles that run in different directions LOCATION: dermis of skin, organ capsules FUNCTION: designed to withstand pulling forces in all directions TERM 85
Elastic Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 85 dense connective tissue that is primarily composed of parallel elastic fibers with collagenous fibers interspersed LOCATION: spaces between vertebrae, stomach, bladder FUNCTION: allow flexibility and stretching FIBROBLASTS
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage TERM 92
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
DEFINITION 92 densely packed arrangement of collagen fibers FIBROBLASTS TERM 93
Hyaline
Cartilage
DEFINITION 93 most common cartilage closely packed collagen CHONDROCYTES in lacunae PERICHONDRIUM LOCATION: joints at ends of long bones compose most of embryonic skeleton TERM 94
Elastic
Cartilage
DEFINITION 94 ELASTIN fibers dense branching bundles CHONDROCYTES in lacunae LOCATION: larynx, ears TERM 95
Fibrocartilage
DEFINITION 95 found merged with hyaline cartilage and dense c-tissue. Thick bundles of COLLAGEN FEW CHONDROCYTES LACK PERICHONDRIUM FUNCTION: compression LOCATION: vertebrae, bones in pelvic girdle
Bone (Osseous Connective Tissue)
most rigid type of c-tissue COMPOSED: organic collagen fibers and inorganic calcium salts VASCULAR FUNCTION: skeletal frame, protects vital organs TERM 97
Haversian Canal
DEFINITION 97 contains both a vascular and nerve supply for bone TERM 98
Canaliculi
DEFINITION 98 tiny channels created as osteoblasts manufacture bony matrix threadlike projections from osteocytes communicate with each other and with blood vessels via this TERM 99
Bone Marrow
DEFINITION 99 site of blood cell production and fat storage within bone TERM 100
Blood
DEFINITION 100 the red fluid that passes through vessels and that carries nutrient molecules and gases throughout the body composed of plasma as the ground substance and proteins as the fibrous component
