







Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Definitions for key terms related to dietary supplements, including the fda's role in regulation, statements of nutritional support, and specific supplements like yohimbe, glucomannan, protein supplements, and creatine. It also covers recommendations for using protein supplements and the benefits and side effects of various supplements.
Typology: Quizzes
1 / 13
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Any product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that contains one of more of the following ingredients: Does NOT mean replacementVitamins Minerals Herbs/Botanicals Amino acid Enzymes Metabolite or any combination of these ingredients TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 however limited control drugs undergo clinical testing & report findings to FDA supplements manufacturers must notify FDA, but NOT required to testmust have some evidence product is safe & effective; dont always know what you are getting burden of proof falls on FDA NOT manufacturer FDA must PROVE supplement taken under recommended doses is unsafe (if someone takes in excess NOT manufacturers problem) TERM 3
DEFINITION 3
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5
Commonly Used Supplement TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Sugar : glucose/fructose (maltodexrin) Electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride B Vitamins: B6 , B12, Folic Acid, Choline Taurine: A.A. like compound which stimulates CNS; antioxidant Ginko : vasodilation of blood vessels in brain (memory) Ginseng (p. 376): motivation & arousal (hypothalmic- pituitary axis) Inositol: transmission of nerve impulses; transport lipids Branch Chain Amino Acids (LIV) Carnitine(p. 376) (banned
DEFINITION 8 true TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Health side effects increase nervousness, heart rate, blood pressure Body size: caffeines effect is relative Tolerance: decrease effect when consumed regularly Dependence: withdrawal symptoms Possible negative effects on performance substitute for proper nutrition. decrease nutrient intake substitute for proper sleep dehydration TERM 10
DEFINITION 10
Fruit found in Southeast AsiaContains Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA) HCA inhibits an enzyme that converts carbs tofat (suppresses fat synthesis) increase carbohydrate oxidationWith full glycogen stores, suggested side effectappetite suppression this would decrease food intake and promote weight lossProbably only works with excessive carb intake TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Cactus like plant in AfricaHoodia gordonii contains P thattricks hypothalamus to thinking bodyis fullFew well controlled clinicalstudies have shown significantresults safety has not been significantlyestablished TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Bark of an African TreeFunctions as monoamine oxidase (MAO)inhibitor, which increase levels of norepinephrine Stimulate CNS monoamines (norepi and serotonin) may leadto depressionPromoted to increase testosterone for musclebuilding, strength gains & fat loss no solid scientific proof that it is either anabolicor thermogenic TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 Source: Asian plant called KonjacSoluble fiber creates satiety which may suppress appetite may lower cholesterol & triglycerideAs with all fibers, it binds to a variety ofnutrients, decrease their absorption take multi-vitamin & make sure diet is appropriate TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 Protein and Amino Acids
wheycaseinHigh quality proteins measured by containing all essential AA & digestibility TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 about 20% of cows milk protein Moves quickly through GI & into bloodstream rapid rise in blood amino acids creating short lived increase in protein synthesis (normal within hrs)
TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 about 80% of cows milk protein Moves slowly through GI & into blood stream Slow rise last at least 7 hours which stimulates protein synthesis to a smaller extent, but protein breakdown more than whey TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 Pre-milk animals secrete prior to producing milk derived from cows high quality protein contains anti-bodies beneficial to immune systemNo adverse side effects up to doses of 60 g/day individuals with milk allergies should avoid whey & caisen also can be made allergen free (look at label) TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Quality source of protein w/o concern for lactose intolerant client/athletes.Offers other health benefits in soy (phytochemicals)Soy offers an estrogen blocking effect potentially beneficial when taking testosterone precursors
pump TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 w/o exercise increase blood flow to whole body take 30 min prior to exercise TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 body adept in supplying nutrients to muscle during exercise TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 hypotensionWill not be able to achieve effect through dietN.O. XPLODE 8-10 g/day TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 Arginine: vasodilatorCreatine: ATP/PC (5g)Beta Alanine: buffering capacity (1.5 -5g)Caffeine: 200-500 mgBCAAs: 5 grams1,3 dimethylamylamine: stimulant (banned)Schizandrol A: enhances mood especially when combined with stimulantsproprietary blend
N+ containing compound made from A.A. metabolism95% is found in muscleFound in meat, poultry & fish body requires ~2g/day, more if active body synthesizes 1 g/day (liver) 1 gram/ 8 oz. of meat vegetarians could be deficientRole in energy production stored as ATP/PC Supplemental form creatine monohydrate & creatine ethyl-ester Claims increase energy, lean tissue, strength TERM 37
DEFINITION 37
100 studies show improvement in HIGH intensity, short term activities (anaerobic sports) probably little for low intensity longer durationBenefits: faster ATP turnover; delay
PC depletion delay dependence on glycolysis facilitate recovery from repeated bouts of exerciseBody mass increase 1-5 lbs** (regardless of testosterone concentration) TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 Does increase weight come from muscle tissue or water retention?probably combination muscle: stretching of cell membrane & increase energy TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 20 -30 grams daily for 5 -7 days PC levels rise, but remain high (increase 30%) for only a few days, TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 2 -5 g daily **in addition to diet w/o maintenance phase creatine levels are normal by 35 days
naturally occurring plants, vitamins, & synthetic chemicals that supplement companies claim may testosteronehelp body produce more test TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 TribulusZMA: zinc magnesium aspartate Fenugreek TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 precursor to hormone, having minimal hormonal effect by itself, function is to enhance strength of the hormone add no hormones whereas steroids add hormones TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 DHEA (legal) androstenediol TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 Herb used to treat impotence, found in supplements marketed to increase testosteroneStudies shown slight increases in testosterone within normal & safe levels shown to increase estrodiol levelsMay be effective if low testosterone no change in those with normal levelsNo side effects with supplemental doses animal studies, locomotor concerns when consumed in high quantities
Claims: anabolic hormones & therefore strengthZinc:catabolism of macronutrients for energylow zinc prevents pituitary from releasing hormones that stimulate testosterone production inhibits enzymes that convert testosterone into estrogenMagnesium: coenzyme, assists enzymes to release energy from carb/fat/protein.involved in stress response; extreme stress affects hormonal release (cortisol) low test. in endurance athletes; since that is stressful; magnesium could help raise test? Deficiencies in Mg++ common TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 aids in formation of neurotransmitters so essential for regulation of mental processes/mood TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 Testosterone Precursors (pro-hormones) compounds that can be converted into testosterone Do not add hormones like A.S., rather provide precursor to make themnegative feedback systemandrostenediol Androstenedione DHEA pregnenolone and progesterone TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 Aromatase: enzyme converts test to estrogenClaim: natural testosterone production & minimize production of estrogens in body scientifically proven to free testosterone levels > 600% TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 Steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal cortex precursor to testosterone, estrogen & cortisol levels decrease with agingClaims increase muscle mass, decrease fat mass anti- aging stimulates sex drive
Amino acid made in liver & kidneys from other amino acids found in meat & dairy products Carnitine Transferase transfers fatty acids into mitochondria May help inhibit pyruvate conversion to lactic acidClaims increase endurance increase fat metabolism Lower cholesterol & triglyceride levels TERM 62
DEFINITION 62 Research - patients with muscle weakness, kidney disease, on restricted diet, benefit seen due to loss of carnitine loss in kidneysMay help vegetarians/diets low in animal proteins who are deficient in carnitine in dietHealthy populations, show NO benefit from supplementation if diet is adequate No research indicates potential side effects