Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
Metabolism:
Metabolic reactions are of two types:
In __anabolic___ reactions, larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones.
In __catabolic __ reactions, larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
The reactions of metabolism are often reversible
Which process requires energy? Anabolic
Which process releases energy? Catabolic
The process of joining two molecules by removing water is called __dehydration
synthesis_
The process of splitting two molecule by adding water is called __hydrolysis__
Control of metabolism: _Enzymes_ control the rates of all the metabolic reactions of the cell
Enzymes are complex __proteins__that function to lower the activation energy of a reaction so it may begin. Enzymes
accelerate chemical reactions.Because they do this, enzymes are called _catalysts___.
Each enzyme is specific. The substances the enzymes act on are called ___substrates.
List 3 factors that may alter the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions:. Concentration of
enzyme, concentration of substrate, temperature
Cellular Respiration
ATP is the abbreviation for __adenosine triphosphate . ATP stores the energy for every
chemical reaction in the body. Where exactly is this energy stored in the ATP molecule? In
high energy chemical bonds
Cellular respiration is the process that releases the energy in the chemical bonds of nutrients
and stores it in molecules of ATP. It has 3 basic stages, each of which has several steps and
is controlled by many enzymes. The first stage does not require oxygen, so it is said to be
_anaerobic__. The other two stages require oxygen and therefore are called _aerobic_.
The anaerobic respiration stage is called __glycolysis_. Where does it take place? In
the cytoplasm
What chemical does it start with? Glucose What chemical does it end with?
Pyruvate
Are any ATPs formed? Yes If so, how many? 2 ATP
Aerobic respiration has two stages. What are they called? The Citric Acid (Kreb’s)
cycle and Electron transport chain Where do they occur? In the mitochondria
What are the three end products of this process? Water, carbon dioxide, and energy
Are any ATPs formed in aerobic respiration? Yes If so, how many? 36 or 38 per
glucose molecule
Lipids & protein pathways: These two nutrients can be used to make ATP. Where they
enter the process and how many ATPs are formed depend on how many carbons are in
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