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SPHG 352 - Unit 3 Test With
Correct Answers
What are the barriers to preparedness? - ANSWER - Apathy
- Not on my radar
- Lack of information
- Fatalism
- Avoidance
- Lack of resources
What are some statements that display "apathy" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "It won't happen here"
"I won't worry about this until a threat is imminent"
What are some statements that display "not on my radar" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "I just haven't thought about it"
What are some statements that display "lack of information" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "I don't know how to do this"
What are some statements that display "fatalism" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "Whatever I do won't make a difference in the event of a big disaster"
What are some statements that display "avoidance" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "I don't like to think about it"
What are some statements that display "lack of resources" as a barrier of preparedness? - ANSWER "I don't have the money/time I'm unable to do this"
What are the steps to basic preparedness? - ANSWER - Stay Informed about types of emergencies that can occur and know the appropriate responses.
- Make a Family Emergency Plan
- Build a Response Kit
- Get Involved
Which ESF is most concerned with public health? - ANSWER Public Health and Medical Services Department of Health and Human Services
What does ESF stand for? - ANSWER Emergency Support Functions
List the 15 ESFs - ANSWER 1. Transportation
Department of Transportation
- Communications
National Communications System
- Public Works and Engineering
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- Firefighting
Department of Agriculture/Forest Service
- Emergency Management Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Mass Care, Housing, Human Services
What are the components of NIMS? - ANSWER - Preparedness
- Communications and Information Management
- Resource Management
- Command and Management
- Multiagency Coordination Systems
- Public Information
- Ongoing Maintenance and Management
- Incident Command System
What does NIMS stand for? - ANSWER National Incident Management System
Who is at the top of the incident management hierarchy? - ANSWER Incident Commander
Which personnel fall under command staff of the incident management hierarchy - ANSWER - Information officer
- Safety officer
- Liaison officer
What are the sections that the incident command hierarchy is split into? - ANSWER - Planning
- Logistics
- Finance Administration
- Operation
What can cause a public health emergency? - ANSWER Bioterrorism; Appearance of a novel or previously controlled or eradicated infectious agent or biological toxin; Natural disaster; Chemical attack or accidental release; or Nuclear attack or accident
A public health emergency poses a high probability of any of the following harms occurring in a large number of the affected population... - ANSWER Death, serious long-term disability; or widespread exposure to infectious or toxic agent posing significant risk of substantial future harm
A public health emergency is an occurrence or imminent threat of an illness or health condition that both... - ANSWER Caused by a health crisis AND poses high probability of harm
What are some possible causes of public health emergencies? - ANSWER Bioterrorism; Appearance of a novel or previously controlled or eradicated infectious agent or biological toxin; Natural disaster; Chemical attack or accidental release; or Nuclear attack or accident; AND
What are possible harms posed to populations during public health emergencies? - ANSWER Death, serious long-term disability; or widespread exposure to infectious or toxic agent posing significant risk of substantial future harm
Public health professionals should increase their ability to respond to disasters for the following reasons: - ANSWER - The occurrence of natural disasters is increasing.
- There is a ubiquitous risk across the United States and world.
Define public health emergency preparedness - ANSWER Capability of the public health and health care systems, communities, and individuals, to
What is the 5th category of public health emergencies as defined by the WHO? - ANSWER An extraordinary event which is determined... to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response.
Which of the initial four emergency types are involved in the 5th type? - ANSWER Any of the 4 types can evolve into the 5th if the PH event crosses borders
What are the major tasks of public health? - ANSWER 1. Collection, evaluation, and dissemination of information
- Cooperation and collaboration with other disciplines
- Prevention of disease and continuity of care
What are the challenges associated with public health? - ANSWER - Warning and evacuation of residents
- Widespread search and rescue
- Triage, distribution & care of casualties
- Delivery of health services within a damaged or disabled health care infrastructure
- Coordination among multiple jurisdictions, among all levels of government, and among private sector organizations ("turf wars")
What was the function of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 - ANSWER Created the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to coordinate federal programs through operational and/or resource coordination and on-scene
response to those events that rise to national significance.
Which organization created the NRP and NIMS and what does it stand for? - ANSWER DHS & National Response Plan
Which year was the PHEP Cooperative Agreement created? - ANSWER 2002
What is PHEP - ANSWER Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement
What are the CDC's Public Health Preparedness Capabilities? - ANSWER - Community Resilience
- Incident management
- Information Management
- Countermeasures and Mitigation
- Surge Management
- Biosurveillance
What are the functions of environmental services during disasters? - ANSWER - Displaced people in overcrowded conditions
- Re-establish sanitary barriers
- Provide pest and vector control
- Manage CBRN clean up
What are the responsibilities in re-establishing sanitary barriers for
What are the types of CBRN agents? - ANSWER Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Provide an example of voluntary agencies - ANSWER American Red Cross (ARC) - Primary agency for mass response
Why are voluntary agencies necessary? - ANSWER Needed for the success of public health response in providing mass care
List the social determinants of health - ANSWER - Education Access and Quality
- Health care Access and quality
- Economic stability
- Social and community context
- Neighborhood and Built Environment
What are the core public health functions? - ANSWER - Assessment
- Policy development
- Assurance
List player/stakeholders in public health - ANSWER - Providers
- Consumers/patients
- Payers/ purchasers
- Suppliers/Employers
- Payers
- Policy makers
Focus on population-health requires a broadly inclusive definition of the public health workforce, to include: - ANSWER • Governmental public health agencies
- Voluntary or not-for-profit public health agency
- Community-based private organizations
- Health care organizations
- Businesses
Prior to COVID-19 there were high levels of job satisfaction... - ANSWER BUT a large proportion of workers are considering leaving their organization in the next year.
Prior to COVID-19 the majority were satisfied with their jobs... - ANSWER but are less satisfied with their organizations and even less so with their pay.
Which sectors does health in all policies apply to? - ANSWER - Education
- Housing
- Transportation
- Neighborhood safety
What % of the local health department workforce are registered nurses? - ANSWER 18
What % of the local health department workforce are office and administrative support staff? - ANSWER 19
What % of the local health department workforce are environmental health workers? - ANSWER 12
What are the primary roles of the NC Local Public Health Workforce - ANSWER - Clinical services
What fraction of NC Local Public Health workers have at least 2 roles - ANSWER 2/3 (avg. 3.7 roles)
Rank the top 5 cross-cutting skills for the NC Local Public Health Workforce?
- ANSWER 1. Knowledge/awareness of changes in North Carolina Medicaid policies
- Engaging clients under North Carolina Medicaid transformation
- Knowledge and awareness of NC Local Health Department Accreditation program
- Navigating difficult conversations w/ colleagues or clients
- Understanding of core functions and essential services of public health
Rank the Top 5 public health 3.0 skills - ANSWER 1. Utilizing timely, reliable, and granular (cub-county level) data and metrics to measure success and impact
- Enhancing policies, rules, and standards (i.e. accreditation) to foster Public Health 3.0 principals
- Utilizing innovative funding models to support core infrastructure as well as community-level work to address the social determinants of health
- Forming structured, cross-sector partnerships to foster shared funding, services, governance, and collective action
- Moving towards a direction of assurance of services rather than direct provision of clinical and other services
What fraction of the PH workforce reported PTSD symptoms as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? - ANSWER >1/
What fraction of the PH workforce reported fair or poor mental health as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? - ANSWER 1/
What fraction of the PH workforce considered leaving the profession in the next year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? - ANSWER 1/
What does the NC Public health workforce play a big role in? - ANSWER Risk communication and sharing key resources
What are the parameters that the NC Public health workforce ranks its response to the COVID-19 pandemic? - ANSWER - Tests conducted
- Confirmed cases
- Deaths
- Resources available
- Aggressiveness of distancing precautions/executive orders
Define risk in public health - ANSWER The likelihood (probability) of an outcome to occur
Define risk perception - ANSWER Reflect individual's perception and acceptance of risk, understanding of the danger, and sense of outrage (fear, worry, anger or hostility)
What is an equation used to calculate risk (perception)? - ANSWER Risk = Estimated + Outrage
What are the odds of heart disease death in the United States? - ANSWER 1 in 6
What are the odds of cancer death in the United States? - ANSWER 1 in 7
What are the odds of COVID-19 death in the United States? - ANSWER 1 in 12
History reveals variety of factors influencing the need for public health workers of (...) professions - ANSWER various
What are important factors when determining the type and amount of public health workers needed? - ANSWER • Prevailing health threats to the population
- Availability of health care resources
- Provides equitable access
- People participate in decisions affecting their health
T/F: The United States has an unified public health system - ANSWER False
What are the aspects of the US public health system that interact to greater and lesser degrees? - ANSWER - Both public and private elements
- Not-for-profit and for-profit
- Financed by both governmental and non-governmental sources
Degree of integration of Public Health and Health Systems is (...) - ANSWER questionable
T/F: Public health system = health services = health care - ANSWER False
What is a major drawback of the US public health system? - ANSWER People have difficulties accessing needed services
What are some parameters to classify health systems? - ANSWER - Extent of public control
- Extent of government (state) control of programs
- OECD system
Rank the top 3 nations by health care system performance - ANSWER 1. Norway
- Netherlands
- Australia
Where does the United States fall in the health care system performance rankings? - ANSWER 11
What does a lower performance ranking of a health system imply? - ANSWER Lower equity
List differences between top and bottom performers in health system rankings - ANSWER - Universal coverage and reduced barriers to cost
- Investment in Primary Care systems
- Reduced administrative burden on patients and clinicians
- Investment in social services that increase equitable access
What are the main factors corresponding to public health? - ANSWER -
