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Testing Social Learning Theory: Peer Influence and Moral Beliefs on Delinquent Behaviors, Slides of Sociological Theories

University of Minnesota (UMN) - Twin CitiesSociological Theories

The relationship between peer associations, moral beliefs, and delinquent behaviors through the lens of Social Learning Theory. The study presents survey results on the proportion of closest friends engaging in various illicit activities and their corresponding moral beliefs. Additionally, the document discusses Subcultural Theories, Control Theories, and critiques of each. Useful for students studying criminology, sociology, or psychology.

What you will learn

  • What is the correlation between delinquent peer associations and illicit stimulant use?
  • What are the specific subcultural theories discussed in the document?
  • What is the difference between a criminal subculture and a conflict subculture?
  • How does moral belief correlate with academic fraud?
  • How does Control Theory explain the motivation towards crime?

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/31/2022

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Testing Social Learning Theory
Delinquent Peer Associations (Stimulant Survey)
What
proportion of your closest friends…
Cheated on exams or papers
Sold marijuana
Sold drug other than marijuana
Pirated things off the Internet
Bought something they thought might be stolen
Stole something worth less than $50
Stole something worth more than $50
Purposely damaged property without the owner’s permission
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Partial preview of the text

Download Testing Social Learning Theory: Peer Influence and Moral Beliefs on Delinquent Behaviors and more Slides Sociological Theories in PDF only on Docsity!

Testing Social Learning Theory

 Delinquent Peer Associations (Stimulant Survey)

What proportion of your closest friends… Cheated on exams or papers Sold marijuana Sold drug other than marijuana Pirated things off the Internet Bought something they thought might be stolen Stole something worth less than $ Stole something worth more than $ Purposely damaged property without the owner’s permission

Survey Says…

 Delinquent Peer correlates moderately with…

 Illicit stimulant use ever (.25) and in the past year (.15)

 Marijuana use in past year (.35)

 Academic fraud (.38)

 Deviance/Crime (.49)

 Binge drinking (.29)

Survey Says…

 Moral beliefs correlates moderately with…

 Illicit stimulant use ever (.27) and in the past year (.22)

 Marijuana use in past year (.39)

 Academic fraud (.21)

 Deviance/Crime (.44)

 Binge drinking (.29)

Subcultural Theories

▪ Several Theories emerged from late 1950s through the

1960s

▪ Attempt to explain the formation and activity of

delinquent subcultures

▪ Subculture defined as a group (such as a street gang) that

holds different norms and values than mainstream society

 Combined ideas from both strain theory (Merton) and
differential association (Sutherland) – > “mixed models”

Differential Opportunity Theory

▪ Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

▪ From Merton: Lack of legitimate opportunities for success

causes strain

▪ Blocked economic aspirations lead to poor self-image
▪ Frustration leads to delinquency

 From Sutherland: much delinquency requires access to

“illegitimate means” for success

 Delinquents learn criminal trades within neighborhood

Differential Opportunity Theory (2 of

▪ Delinquent subcultures

▪ Criminal subculture

▪ Where illegitimate opportunities exist, delinquents seek
economic gain, view crime as a career

▪ Conflict subculture

▪ Where no illegitimate opportunities exist, gangs fight over turf
and place high value on violence

▪ Retreatist subculture

▪ “Double losers”: Emphasizes drug abuse or other forms of
escape

Control Theories

 Control = shorthand for informal social control

 Theories covered

 Hirschi (social bonds)

 Gottfredson and Hirschi (low self-control)

 Sampson and Laub (age graded social control)

Assumptions about “Motivation towards crime”

 Strain theory: motivation from some sort of strain (e.g.

blocked opportunity)

 Learning theory: motivation from delinquent peers or

other learning experience

 Critique: if all crime is “learned,” where does it originate?

 Control theory: there is enough natural motivation

towards crime

 No need to “build in” extra motivation

 Real question? Why aren’t we all criminal?

Walter Reckless’ Containment Theory

as precursor to “control” theories Pushes and Pulls

  • poverty, anger,delinquent subculture Outer Containment - parents/school - supervision DELINQUENCY OUT HERE !!!!!! Inner (Good self concept) Containment

ENTER TRAVIS HIRSCHI

 Causes of Delinquency (1969)

 Was an attack on other theories as much as a statement of his

theory

 ORGANIZED theory into strain/anomie, learning, and control
 Criticism/attack on the other traditions and support for control

 Self-report data (CA high schools)

 Measures from “competing theories”

 This book was the first of its kind!

Or, Put Another Way…

The Social Bond

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief

Crime

Fun, thrilling,
quick and easy
satisfaction of
desires

Hirschi’s Evidence in Favor of Bonds

 Attachment

 Attachment to parents (wish to emulate, identify with)

 Commitment

 Grades, educational aspirations

 Belief

 Techniques of Neutralizations

Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990)

 A General Theory of Crime

 Same control theory assumptions

 If we are all inclined to be deviant, why conform?

 Because most of us develop “self-control”

 “Internal control”

 Developed by age 8, as the result of “direct control” from

parents

Nature of Crime, Nature of Low Self-Control Criminal Acts… Provide immediate gratification of desires Are risky/thrilling Are easy/simple Require little skill/planning Provide few/meager long term benefits Result in pain/discomfort to a victim People with low self-control are therefore… Impulsive Risk-taking Physical (as opposed to mental) Low verbal ability Short-sighted Insensitive