Download SPE 682 Midterm Study Guide: A Comprehensive Overview of Voice Disorders and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
SPE 68 2 Midterm Study Guide With
Complete Solution
What is a voice disorder according to ASHA? - ANSWER Occurs when voice quality, pitch, and loudness differ or are inappropriate for an individual's age, gender, cultural background, or geographic location When would a voice disorder be present? - ANSWER hen an individual expresses concern about having an abnormal voice that does not meet daily needs How long must a voice issue persist for it to be considered a disorder? - ANSWER 3 weeks or more What does a normal voice consist of? - ANSWER Clear quality Harmonics present No noise Pitch and loudness is appropriate for age, sex, and situation No effort, pain, strain, or fatigue Fulfills occupational, social, and emotional vocal needs What would emotional vocal needs include? - ANSWER Gender affirmation Use different pitches for working with children Singing What percentage of Americans have a voice disorder? - ANSWER 7-8%
What percentage of 18-44 year olds have a voice disorder? - ANSWER 6-7% What percentage of 65 and older have a voice disorder? - ANSWER 20-27% What fraction of Americans will have a voice disorder at some point in their lives? - ANSWER 1/ What gender tends to have more of a chance of developing a voice disorder?
- ANSWER women What effect does age have on voice disorder prevelance? - ANSWER increases with age What are professional voice users called? - ANSWER vocal atheletes Who is the largest population of vocal athletes? - ANSWER teachers What illness can affect the voice? - ANSWER Asthma Allergies Colds Sinus infections Post nasal drip (PND) What behaviors can increase chance of developing a voice disorder? - ANSWER Vocal dosage Loud talking High-pitched and forceful speaking/singing Coughing Throat clearing
What is primary prevention? - ANSWER Decrease a person's susceptibility to a disorder Working with people who don't have voice disorders prior to them becoming vocal athletes What is secondary prevention? - ANSWER Early detection and treatment What is tertiary prevention? - ANSWER To restore effective function There is an existing voice disorder How do we perceive voice? - ANSWER pitch, loudness, quality How is vocal quality produced? - ANSWER voice quality = vocal tract shape + anatomy + learned behavior What does the shape of the vocal tract refer to? - ANSWER Genetic Manipulated Starts at lungs and ends at mouth What does the anatomy of the vocal tract refer to? - ANSWER Genetics Tissue health Muscle agility What does vocal behavior refer to? - ANSWER Rhythm Rate Pronunciation What is resonant? - ANSWER Ringing sound that carries well with harmonics What is breathy? - ANSWER Noise caused by the turbulence of air near the
glottis which is poorly closed What is rough? - ANSWER Hoarse Raspy Harsh Grating sound Irregular vocal fold vibration What is strained? - ANSWER Pressed Strident quality Effortful in appearance or sound What is aphonic? - ANSWER Whispered sound No vibration of the vocal folds What is nasal - ANSWER Excessive nasal quality What is tremorous? - ANSWER Trembling or tremors in voices What are hard glottal attacks? - ANSWER Forced adduction of the vocal folds in speech Typically with vowel-initial words What is vocal fry? - ANSWER Gravelly vocal quality typically heard at the ends of phrases initiated by insufficient breath support What is diplophonic? - ANSWER Period doubling Two voices Why does voice have a big discrepnancy throughout describers - ANSWER
speech What are the basic building blocks of phonation? - ANSWER airway and pulmonary system larynx resonance Where is the larynx located? - ANSWER at anterior neck inferior to the pharynx and tongue superior to the trachea What is the function of the larynx? - ANSWER Produces sound Protects airway What is the role of the larynx for communication? - ANSWER Sound generation Vocalization Speech What are the other 3 roles of the larynx? - ANSWER respiratory modulation airway protection postural stability What are the 3 laryngeal cavities? - ANSWER supraglottal, subglottal, glottic Where is the supraglottic cavity? - ANSWER Above the vocal folds Where is the glottic cavity? - ANSWER The cavity between the vocal folds Central point
Where is the subglottic cavity? - ANSWER Below the vocal folds What is the hyoid bone? - ANSWER Anchor to many muscles Connector of tongue and larynx Floating bone Only bone in larynx U-shaped Two sets of horns Only bone that does not articulate with other bones What type of movement does the hyoid bone allow for? - ANSWER supraglottal movement Which muscles are attached to the hyoid superiorly? - ANSWER middle pharyngeal constrictor hyoglossus digastric stylohyoid geniohyoid mylohyoid What muscles are attached to the hyoid inferiorly? - ANSWER thyrohyoid omohyoid sternohyoid How many cartilages make up the larynx? - ANSWER 9
facets for laryngeal joints What does the cricoid cartilage resemble? - ANSWER a superbowl ring What are the 3 paired cartilages? - ANSWER arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform What movement is allowed by the cricothyroid joint? - ANSWER allows for posterior and inferior movement of the thyroid cartilage What are the arytenoid cartilages? - ANSWER 2 small, pyramid-shaped cartilages sit on posterior segment of cricoid cartilage via cricoarytenoid joint What is another name for the anterior projection of the arytenoid cartilages?
- ANSWER vocal process What does the vocal process attach to? - ANSWER the back of vocal fold muscles What is another name for the lateral projection of the arytenoid cartilages? - ANSWER muscular process What does the muscular process attach to? - ANSWER muscles that open and close the vocal folds What type of joint is the cricoarytenoid joint? - ANSWER synovial What movements does the cricoarytenoid joint allow for? What is the most dominant movement? - ANSWER glide rock- most dominant rotate What is the function of the cricoarytenoid joint? - ANSWER adduct and
abduct the vocal folds What are the 3 laryngeal membranes? - ANSWER thyrohyoid membrane cricotracheal membrane quadrangular membrane
What does the thyrohyoid membrane connect? - ANSWER thryoid to hyoid
What does the thyrohyoid allow for? - ANSWER articulation between the thyroid and hyoid allows blood vessels and laryngeal nerves to enter into the larynx
What does the cricotracheal membrane connect? - ANSWER cricoid to trachea
What does the cricotracheal membrane allow? - ANSWER allows the two structures to work together for vocalization and swallowing
What does the quadrangular membrane connect? - ANSWER epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages
What is the function of the quadrangular membrane? - ANSWER makes up part of the aryepiglottic folds and becomes the false vocal folds
What are the two types of laryngeal muscles? - ANSWER intrinsic and extrinsic
What are the two categorizations of extrinsic muscles? - ANSWER suprahyoid infrahyoid
What is the function of intrinsic muscles? - ANSWER abduction adduction tension
What are the suprahyoid extrinsic muscles? - ANSWER digastricus, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus
What are the two bellies of the digastric muscle? - ANSWER anterior and posterior
What is the function of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle? - ANSWER moves hyoid up and forward
What is the function of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle? - ANSWER moves hyoid up and back
What is the function of the stylohyoid? - ANSWER moves hyoid back and up
What is the function of the mylohyoid? - ANSWER moves hyoid up and foward
What is the function of the geniohyoid? - ANSWER pulls hyoid up and forward
What are the subhyoid extrinsic muscles? - ANSWER sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
What is the function of the sternohyoid muscle? - ANSWER pulls hyoid down
What is the function of the omohyoid? - ANSWER pulls hyoid down
What is the function of the sternothyroid? - ANSWER pulls thyroid down
What is the function of the thyrohyoid muscle? - ANSWER decreases distance between thyroid and hyoid
What is the thyromuscularis? - ANSWER increases mass of vocal folds results in pitch change
What are the two parts of the cricothyroid? - ANSWER pars recta and pars oblique
What is the function of the cricothyroid? - ANSWER lengthens and tenses the vocal folds
What is the function of the interarytenoids? - ANSWER adducts vocal folds
What are the two parts of the interarytenoids? - ANSWER transverse and oblique
What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoids? - ANSWER adducts vocal folds
What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid? - ANSWER abducts vocal folds
