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Sociology Chapter 1, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Sociology

Pasadena City CollegeSociology

Sociology Chapter 1 Study Guide

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2019/2020

Uploaded on 07/12/2020

eunice-lee
eunice-lee 🇺🇸

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Chapter 1 - The Study of Change
- Chemistry: the study of the matter and the change it undergoes
- Method: a study of the matter, mostly in chemistry news, we’re studying the
composition what these things are made of and the changes they undergo the
reactions things that can happen to them or the processes that can happen to
that.
1. Three States of Matter
A. Sold: distance: so close, pack
B. Liquid: few gaps, little bit of emotion
C. Gas: separated by large distance with a free fast movement
2. Classification of matter
A. Pure substance: only one kind of atom/molecule (H2O, Cu, Ne)
B. Mixture: made of different kinds of atoms/ molecules, variable composition
(air)
3. Physical or chemical?
A. Physical change: changes physical appearance, same substance (ice melting,
sugar dissolving in water)
B. Chemical change (reaction): forms a new substance (hydrogen burns in air to
form water)
4. Extensive and Intensive Properties
A. Extensive property: depends upon how much matter (more math or you have
the higher limits/ the more math or you have the higher the volume)
i. Mass
ii. Length
iii. Volume
B. Intensive property: does not depend upon how much matter
i. Density
ii. Temperature
iii. Color
5. Measurement = number + unit
A. “when my son was 7 months old, he walked 3 steps, and when he was 4
years old, he threw his baseball 8 feet and said his school was 5 minutes
away”
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Chapter 1 - The Study of Change

  • Chemistry: the study of the matter and the change it undergoes
  • Method: a study of the matter, mostly in chemistry news, we’re studying the composition what these things are made of and the changes they undergo the reactions things that can happen to them or the processes that can happen to that.
  1. Three States of Matter A. Sold: distance: so close, pack B. Liquid: few gaps, little bit of emotion C. Gas: separated by large distance with a free fast movement
  2. Classification of matter A. Pure substance: only one kind of atom/molecule (H2O, Cu, Ne) B. Mixture: made of different kinds of atoms/ molecules, variable composition (air)
  3. Physical or chemical? A. Physical change: changes physical appearance, same substance (ice melting, sugar dissolving in water) B. Chemical change (reaction): forms a new substance (hydrogen burns in air to form water)
  4. Extensive and Intensive Properties A. Extensive property: depends upon how much matter (more math or you have the higher limits/ the more math or you have the higher the volume) i. Mass ii. Length iii. Volume B. Intensive property: does not depend upon how much matter i. Density ii. Temperature iii. Color
  5. Measurement = number + unit A. “when my son was 7 months old, he walked 3 steps, and when he was 4 years old, he threw his baseball 8 feet and said his school was 5 minutes away”

B. Units will be in either the metric system or the International System of Unites (SI) C. Mass(kilogram; kg), length(meter; m), time(second; s^a), temperature(kelvin; K), amount of substance(Mole; mol), electric current (ampere; A), luminous intensity(Candela; cd)

  1. Use prefixes to simplify large or smaller quantities Prefix Abbreviatio n Meanin g Example Giga G 10^9 1 gigameter (Gm) = 1x10^9m Mega M 10^6 1 megameter (Mm) = 1x10^6m Kilo k 10^3 1 kilometer (km) = 1x10^3m Deci d 10^-1 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1m Centi c 10^-2 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01m Milli m 10^-3 1 milimeter (mm) = 0.001m Micro U 10^-6 1 micrometer (um) = 1x10^-6m Nano n 10^-9 1 nanometer (nm) = 1x-10^-9m Pico P 10^-12 1 picometer (pm) = 1x10^-12m Femto f 10^-15 1 femtometer (fm) = 1x10^-15m
  2. Measurements A. Length – SI unit – meter (m) i. 1 in = 2.54cm ii. 1mi = 1.609km B. Mass – amount of matter; SI unit – kilogram (kg) i. 1 lb = 453.59g C. Weight – force that gravity exerts on an object i. Mass and weight are NOT the same thing D. Volume – amount of space occupied by an object i. SI derived unit = cubic meter 1. 1 L = 1 dm^ 2. 1 mL = 1 cm^ 3. 1 gal = 3.785L ii. Graduated cylinder, syringe, Buret, pipet, volumetric flask E. Temperature – measures how hot or cold an object is; SI base unit = Kelvin (K) i. Kelvin & Celsius scale – 100; Fahrenheit scale - 180 ii. K = C + 273.

exact number – infinite)

  1. Dimensional Analysis For Solving Problems A. Solving problems using units B. Must include units with every number (even the intermediate steps) C. Convert 80. Hours to days i. Conversion factors(fractions equal to one) ii. 24h/4day; 1day/24h iii. Usually same type of measurement (ex: both time); iv. Don’t usually limit sf v. Start with known quantity vi. Multiply by conversion factors so units cancel and only the desired unit(s) is/are left vii. Ex) how many mL are in 1.653L
  2. 1.653L(1000mL/1L) D. Multiple-step conversions i. Ex) convert 3.5 ms to ks 1. 3.5ms(s/1000ms)*(ks/1000s) ii. Ex) how many milliliters are in 2.24 gallons?
  3. 2.4 gal(3.785L/gal)(1000mL/L) E. The speed of sound in air is about 0.343km/s. what is this speed in miles per hour? i. 1 mi = 1.609 km ; 1 min = 60s ; 1 hour = 60 min ii. (0.343 km/s) * (mi/1.609 km) * (60s/min) * (60min/hr) with three sig. fig.
  4. Units raised to a power A. Ex) convert 304.0 cm^3 to in^ i. 304.0 cm^3 * ((in)^3/(2.54)^3cm^3); 2.54cm is exact number toward 1 in ii. A roll of aluminum foil has a mass of 1.07 kg. what is its mass in pounds? 2.36lb
  5. Kg – g – lb iii. The volume of a room is 1.08 x 10^8 dm^3? What is the volume in m^3?

1.08 x 10^5 m^

  1. Density A. Density = mass/volume; d = m/v B. Units: 1 g/cm^3 = 1 g/mL C. The density of sulfuric acid in a car battery is 1.4 g/mL. Calculate the mass (in g) of 0.242L of the liquid i. 0.242L * (1000mL/L) * (1.4 g/mL) D. What is the cost in dollars of 16 onions if 3 onions weight 1.5 lb and the price of onions is 33 cents per kilograms? i. 3 onions = 1.5 lb ; 33 cent = kg ii. 16 onions * (1.5 lb onion/ 3 onions) * (kg onion/2.205 lb onion) * ( cents/kg) * ($/100 cents)
  2. 2 sig. fig.