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Histology: An Overview of Tissues, Their Characteristics, and Classifications - Prof. Will, Study notes of Geriatrics

A comprehensive introduction to histology, the microscopic study of tissues. It covers the four basic types of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous - and their characteristics. The document then delves into the classification and types of epithelial tissue, followed by a discussion on glands and their modes of secretion. The document concludes with an overview of connective tissue, its functions, and the three major components of the extracellular matrix. An essential resource for students of biology and medicine.

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 02/24/2010

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Histology
--
the microscopic study of tissues.
4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Characteristics:
1) almost entirely cells, w/ very little extracellular
material between.
2) covers surfaces or it forms structures.
Epithelial Tissue
Characteristics (cont.):
3) have a free surface not associated w/ other cells
and a basement membrane, which helps attach
the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.
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Histology -- the microscopic study of tissues.

4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES:

  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscular
  • Nervous

Epithelial Tissue

Characteristics:

  1. almost entirely cells, w/ very little extracellular material between.

  2. covers surfaces or it forms structures.

Epithelial Tissue

Characteristics (cont.):

  1. have a free surface not associated w/ other cells and a basement membrane , which helps attach the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.

Epithelial Tissue

Characteristics (cont.):

  1. bound together by specialized cell contacts.

  2. blood vessels do not penetrate the basement membrane.

  3. damaged cells are replaced w/ new cells via mitosis.

Epithelial Tissue

Classification:

  1. Simple
  2. Stratified (moist or keratinized)
  3. Pseudostratified
  4. Transitional

Can be further categorized according to shape:

  • squamous (flat)
  • cuboidal
  • columnar

Types of Epithelium

Types of Epithelium

Types of Epithelium

Types of Epithelium

Types of Epithelium

Glands-- organs that secrete.

Exocrine glands-- secrete through ducts.

Endocrine glands-- secrete hormones absorbed directly into the blood.

Glands

Mode of secretion

  • Merocrine --secrete substances as they are produced i.e., pancreas
  • Apocrine --portion of cell pinches off

i.e., mammary glands

  • Holocrine --cell rupture

i.e., sebaceous glands

3 Major Components of Extracellular Matrix:

Protein Fibers Ground Substance Fluid

Connective tissues classified based on prominent features:

  1. Primarily protein fibers
  2. Both protein and ground substance
  3. Fluid, i.e. blood

Muscle Tissue--has the ability to contract.

3 Types:

1. Skeletal (striated, voluntary)

2. Cardiac (striated, involuntary)

3. Smooth (non-striated, involuntary)

Nervous Tissue-- ability to conduct electrical impulses.

Neurons-- conducting cells of nervous tissue. 3 Major Parts:

  • Cell Body
  • Dendrites
  • Axons Neuroglia-- support cells for the brain, spinal cord & peripheral nerve cells.

Membranes-- thin layer of tissue that

covers a structure or lines a cavity.

3 Major Categories:

1) Serous Membranes

2) Mucous Membranes

3) Synovial Membranes