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RNFA Final Exam Questions and 100%
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Precautions apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat), regardless of whether they contain visible blood, mucous membranes, and non- intact skin. --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------Standard Which of the following anesthetics may result in fasiculations for the patient? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Succhinylcholine Hypothermia has been shown to be a factor that may place the surgical patient at risk for infection and delayed healing. What intervention is an engineered control factor to protect the patient from hypothermia? --------- CORRECT ANSWER b. set the ambient room temperature between 68° and 73° F A basic anesthesia monitoring device that is used during general anesthesia to confirm successful endotracheal tube placement and determine the presence of gas exchange is the: --------- CORRECT ANSWER capnometer/end-tidal CO2 monitor The first step in the decontamination process is: --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Cleaning Which of the following requires at minimum, 2 patient identifiers on specimen labels? --- ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------Joint Commission A 9-year-old diabetic with an insulin pump, has arrived in the OR for emergency repair of superficial facial and deep arm lacerations. The RNFA should consider which of the following options for energy-generated hemostasis? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Bipolar Electrosurgery Unit During a hysteroscopy, sterile saline is used to expand the intrauterine compartment and enhance visualization. The perioperative nurse is concerned that approximately 500 ml of fluid was unaccounted for and alerted the surgeon and RNFA. The nurse's motive for this surveillance is to: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------Potential for Intervastation Which of the following statements reflects the location of the arcuate line? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------one third of the distance between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis. Laparoscopic procedures that emergently convert to open procedures place the patient at risk for unintentional retained surgical items (RSI). What risk reduction strategy could prevent RSI? --------- CORRECT ANSWER Replacing or tagging sponges and laparotomy instruments with RFID chips.
The surgical hand scrub is designed to render the hands, nails, and arms --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Surgically Clean The RNFA instructed the new anesthesia resident in the proper positioning of the arm and hands on the OR bed armboards. The resident was cautioned to avoid pressure on the elbow to prevent: --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------------------Ulnar Nerve Injury A type of suture to help eliminate tension on the primary suture line is known as: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Retention Suture Identify the primary substance found in the epidermis that protects the body from fluid loss and invasion by pathogens. --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------Keratin When a patient absorbs an unsafe amount of local anesthetic into the bloodstream, a catastrophic outcome is possible. Treatment for LAST includes the use of which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------Lipids When buried in tissue, silk loses its tensile strength after what period of time? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------1 Year Guidelines from WHO focus on which of the following in the prevention of surgical site infections? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics To help visualize abdominal structures and to enhance safety during laparoscopic procedures, a pneumoperitoneum is created. After Veress needle confirmation, insufflation tubing is connected and the process begun. CO2 gas is used to insufflate the abdominal cavity at an ideal flow rate of to achieve an ideal intra-abdominal pressure of. --------- CORRECT ANSWER 9 L/min;14 to 16 mm Hg Due to the BMI of the patient, the case you are participating in was converted to open laparotomy. Your surgeon is uncertain as to which self retaining retractor is available within the facility. From the following, which is an appropriate suggestion? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Bookwalter The safest and most commonly used method of sterilization is which of the following? --- ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------Steam Sterilization Has been identified to reduce SSIs and affect surgical outcomes?-------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Antibiotics given IV within 1 hour of the incision for every procedure with an incision or entered body system. When applying sterile drapes to create the sterile field on the patient, which of the following principles is most important. --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Drape the patient starting with the incision area and proceeding to the periphery.
sterile drape and have the scrub nurse continually visually observe the room for breaches in sterility. Select the positioning device commonly used for positioning the head during procedures such as craniotomies. --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------Mayfield Head Positioners Hypotension is a blood pressure reading that is 20% less than the patient's normal baseline pressure. Hypovolemia is the most common cause of postoperative hypotension; however, hypotension may also be caused by cardiac dysfunctions. Which of the following cardiac conditions will present with hypotension?---------------------------------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------myocardial infarction, myocardial tamponade, and pulmonary embolism The ideal suture material is one that has handling characteristics such as: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Pliability Which of the following patient modifiable factors can contribute to surgical site infections? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Alcoholism Which anesthetic agent could not be given if an IV-only anesthesia plan was employed? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------Desflurane A type of monofilament suture that does not require the user to tie knots is known as: --- ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------Barbed Which statement about surgical dressings is true? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Surgical dressings cushion and protect the wound from trauma and gross contamination, and absorb drainage. A common dysrythmia seen after surgery is: --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Sinus Tachycardia The type of wound closure that occurs when approximation of the wound edges does not occur for 3 or more days after a surgical procedure. --------- CORRECT ANSWER --- -- Third Intention Your patient was presented with the prepared informed consent form during the discussion with her surgeon concerning her scheduled surgery. Before signing the consent form, the patient informed the surgeon that they did not want any medical students or surgical residents performing any parts of the procedure other than assisting and did not want any photographs taken. The surgeon agreed and crossed out those portions of the form. The patient initialed them prior to signing the consent. Your patient was exercising which patient right? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------------------------------------------------Right to Informed Consent A reverse cutting needle is preferred for suturing-----------CORRECT ANSWER--------Cutaneous
Linda Gardner is highly allergic to latex and the anesthesia provider plans to give Linda prophylactic medications before anesthesia. What medications might be administered to Linda in the preoperative holding area? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------Prednisone and a beta-agonist inhaler Surgical consents should be written at what level to meet health literacy needs of all patients? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------5th Grade The tensile strength of lactic & glycolic acid polymers is sufficient for approximation of tissues for weeks. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------2- A 193.18 kg patient is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following interventions will enhance this patient's safety during their perioperative experience?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Use of an OR bed to accommodate patient weight and size. A 19-year-old male received an intravenous peripheral nerve block for an ORIF of an ankle fracture. The anesthesia provider injected a distal dorsal vein of the patient's right foot with 2% lidocaine, after placing a single cuffed pneumatic tourniquet around the upper thigh. The surgeon noticed that the cuff seemed to be deflating and anticipated that the patient would initially complain of which of the following?------------------------------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Metallic Taste in Mouth Which of the following suture choices would be best suited for intestinal anastamosis based on the qualities of excellent handling capability, high tensile strength that decreases after 1 year, and is not a true nonabsorbable suture?----------------------------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Silk Which of the following is correct regarding nonabsorbable sutures?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Increased reactive properties in tissue An absolute contraindication for a cholecystectomy include-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Uncontrollable Coagulopathy The filtering mechanism of the kidney is located within which region of the kidney? ------- -- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Renal Cortex Which of the following muscles are critical for stabilization of the knee joint? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Quadricep Femoris A patient does not disclose the use of ephedra to the anesthesiologist during the preoperative visit. If Halothane is used during the procedure, the patient is at an increased risk for: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Ventricular Arrythmias The left and right lobes of the liver are divided by the. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Falciform ligament
Josh Tremain, a 28-year-old firefighter, sustained significant full-thickness burns when he fell through the roof of a burning building while fighting an explosive fire. What surgical treatments may Josh need? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------Debridement and monitoring of full-thickness skin regeneration Marissa Walton is transferred to the OR from the burn unit for debridement of the partial- thickness burn areas and a dressing change under anesthesia. What important preparation for the procedure should be performed before Marissa arrives in the OR? --- ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------Prewarm the OR to above the ambient high temperature for an adult. The colon wall has five distinct layers that include which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Mucosa Before reaching the rectus abdominis muscle during surgical exposure, the surgeon must first progress through which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Preperitoneal fat Identify the triad of anatomic sites of abdominal wall weakness with a potential for hernias. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Inguinal canal, femoral rings, umbilicus What technologic characteristic of robotic surgery provides a superior indication for robotic- assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------The magnified three-dimensional picture may reduce bile duct injuries during dissection. Which of the following supplies blood to the transverse colon?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Middle colic artery Which of the following is a "triangle" anatomic landmark in surgical removal of the gallbladder, and may be remembered by the 3C's: cystic duct, common hepatic duct and cystic artery? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------------Calots Describe the internal inguinal ring --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------A natural opening in the transversalis fascia The primary function of the gallbladder is to: --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------store and concentrate bile Umbilical hernias occur in adults as a result of a defect in the----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Linea Alba Potential development of a direct inguinal hernia results from weakness or tearing of both the and. --------- CORRECT ANSWER of transversus abdominus and transversalis fascia
Which structure supports the uterus and contains the uterine artery and vein? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Cardinal Ligaments An orchiopexy is the surgical placement and fixation of the testicle in a normal anatomic position in the scrotal sac. If the testis fails to descend into the scrotum during gestation, it is considered undescended. Which statement regarding indications for orchiopexy is true? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------------All testes that are undescended after 1 year require surgical placement in the scrotum. Chose the correct statement regarding the trigone of the bladder-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------forms the base of the bladder Damage to this area of the brain is often devastating and life-threatening because it can affect movement, senses, consciousness, perception, and cognition. Choose the correct answer from the following. --------- CORRECT ANSWER Brainstem What is the term for the bloodless plane that contains loose areolar tissue and permits mobility of the scalp? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Subgaleal space The brainstem consists of what three structures? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata The IXth cranial nerve provides which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----
- taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue Suction applied directly to neural tissue can be harmful To prevent tissue damage, a should be placed between the neural tissue and the suction tip. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Cottonnoid Changes to the elderly person's skeleton can present challenges to the intraoperative team. In terms of additional attention and care, what intervention can the intraoperative team provide? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------------Position the patient using appropriate padding and joint protection devices. An important aspect to bone healing that is preserved through intramedullary reaming is which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Maintenance of fracture hematoma Which of the following is a complication of patellectomy?---------------CORRECT ANSWER - ---- Reduced knee extension Which of the following is not included in the terrible triad?--------------CORRECT ANSWER ----- PCL Tear The rotator cuff consists of which group of muscles? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
There are disease processes that cause aortic aneurysms to develop. Which of the following is not noted within this list of causative disease processes?---------------------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Rheumatic Fever Which of the following is contained within the carotid sheath?---------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Vagus Nerve Inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands may result in----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Hypocalcemia Identify the fascia which is an extension of the internal oblique muscle and covers the spermatic cord. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Cremaster When preoperatively assessing a patient for cardiac surgery, the RNFA should consider all of the following except: --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------RBC Which of the following is included in the breast's sensory nerve supply? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Cervical Plexus Pre-op markings to determine nipple positioning for reduction mammoplasty will be drawn on the patient's chest. --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------While sitting upright Aneurysms may be caused by atherosclerosis, trauma, infection, or cystic medial degeneration. What presenting conditions will indicate that surgical intervention is necessary? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Compromised circulation or danger of rupture Which of the following is the first major branch of the internal carotid artery? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Opthalmic artery Identify the venous structure that prevents blood backflow----------------CORRECT ANSWER ----- Semilunar intimal folds The blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Where does the blood flow after leaving the left atrium? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Through the mitral valve into the left ventricle Select the structure of the trachea that is a landmark during bronchoscopy. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Carina During a stapedotomy, it is important to save which of the following nerves that control taste on the anterior 2/3's of the tongue? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------------Chorda tympani nerve
Skin grafting provides an effective way to cover a wound if vascularity is adequate, infection is absent, and hemostasis is achieved. Skin from the donor site is detached from its blood supply and placed in the recipient site. The best description of a successful skin graft outcome is: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------------------the recipient site develops a new blood supply from the base of the wound. The most common complication of Meckel's diverticulum is----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------GI Bleeding Which of the following is not a reason to convert a case from laparoscopic to an open abdominal case? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Lack of warmer for insufflation gas The absence of distinct teniae serves as a visual landmark for what abdominal structure? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------Upper margin of the rectum What structures are located in the inguinal canal? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Spermatic cord / Round ligament The teniae coli consist of how many longitudinal bands of muscle.along the length of the colon? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------- 3 A benefit to the patient undergoing SILS procedure which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Less postoperative pain The incision used specifically for an open appendectomy is known as: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------McBurney The patient is placed in what position for open cholecystectomy?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Supine From the following, which is a possible benefit to the paramedian incision? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------decreased risk for hernia Which of the following is the most common non-emergent abdominal surgery in the U.S.? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------------Cholecystectomy Closed thoracostomy will require which of the following?---------------CORRECT ANSWER -- --- chest catheters and water-seal drainage Fibrous bands of tissue found between abdominal structures that are not normally connected are known as: --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Adhesions The mesh-plug open hernia repair technique is indicated for which type(s) of hernias? -- ------- CORRECT ANSWER------------Recurrent Indirect inguinal hernias
There are main coronary arteries which originate in the. The immature blood-brain barrier and decreased protein binding in infants increase their sensitivity to which group of drugs? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Opioids and hypnotics Once cervical spine precautions are implemented and a cervical collar is applied, what event needs to take place before the team removes the cervical collar and continues care? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------------------A cervical radiograph is obtained to rule out injury to the neck Your patient is unresponsive to treatment methods used to reduce layrngospasm. Anesthesia is notified and administers which of the following medications --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------succinylcholine The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is commonly used to assess patients with brain injury using three indicators of cerebral function: eye opening, verbal communication, and motor response to verbal and noxious stimuli. Within the scoring range for the GCS, the best possible score is and the worst possible score is--------------------CORRECT ANSWER---------15: A 36 year old trauma patient is rushed to the OR with multiple penetrating gunshot and knife wounds to the abdomen. He is bleeding profusely. What appropriate action is critical in the rapid preparation of this patient for surgery?-------------------------------CORRECT ANSWER ----- Prep the patient from the suprasternal notch to the mid-thigh. he RNFA should be prepared to assist with the surgical procedure if a patient needs surgical intervention for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Maze Physicians must consider which of the following options when determining the best treatment option for breast cancer surgery. --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Size of Tumor --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------2, sinuses of Valsalva Of the nerves that are associated with the thyroid gland, which one can be affected by compression resulting from an enlarged left atrium? --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Another name for the left colic flexure is. --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- splenic flexure The ligament that connects the laminae of the spine is known as------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Ligamentum Flavum
Of the following, which is not included in the 5 P's of compartment syndrome? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Pulses Hesselbach triangle describes the location of the hernia. Which of the following structures compromise the medial border of the triangle?-----------------------------CORRECT ANSWER - ---- Lateral edge of the rectus abdominus muscle Nipple discharge is more commonly associated with benign breast lesions than with cancer; however, discharge is usually significant only if it is spontaneous, persistent, and: --------- CORRECT ANSWER Bloody Select the statement that best describes fine needle aspiration of a suspicious breast mass. --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------------The aspirate fluid is cytologically examined Velour grafts are impregnated which of the following to ease handling without the need to preclot? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Gelatin Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), which account for most aneurysms, occur primarily in what area? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------------between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation The internal mammary arteries are frequently used as grafts during coronary bypass surgery. Where are they located? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------They branch from the subclavian arteries An interventional radiology procedure used to open a blocked or narrowed blood vessel as a result of atherosclerosis is a(n): --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------Angioplasty Select the procedure that is designed for the relief of pharyngeal obstruction. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Tonsillectomy The supraglottis, glottis, and the subglottis represent three portions of which structure of the throat? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Larynx In renal transplantation a kidney with artery(ies) is preferred. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Single The phrenic nerve innervates which structure? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------The Diaphragm Select the statement that best reflects the functional components of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus. The gastric veins drain into which vein? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Portal Vein
The production of CSF occurs where? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Choroid plexus of the ventricles Commonly implicated in SAH, the vessels of the Circle of Willis include: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Posterior communicating artery Which of the following is true regarding CSF in the brain?----------------CORRECT ANSWER ----- The fluid does not play a significant role in supplying nutrition to the structures it bathes Of the following, which is not a symptom of compartment syndrome?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Moderate Pain Replantation is an attempt to reattach a completely amputated digit or other body part. Good candidates for replantation are those with the following amputations: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------almost any body part of a child. Bone graft that is sealed in a sterile labeled envelope from a tissue transplant company and stored in a vacuum-sealed freezer and monitored with an alarm would be considered a/an: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------------------Allograft A herniated disc most commonly occurs in which section of the vertebral column? --------
- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Lumbar After retracting the nerve roots during a laminectomy, this structure is incised before getting to the disc. --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Posterior longitudinal ligament Femoral neck fractures are more common in women than men for which of the following reasons? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Osteoporosis Which of the following is the instrument of choice in removing a foreign body from an infant or child's airway? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Rigid Bronchoscope The most significant consideration when caring for pediatric patients that is not of concern when caring for adults is: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-------------------------from birth onward, the child is in a continual state of development and physiologic change. Which of the following is an indication for damage control surgery?----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Coagulopathy A 26-year-old female is rushed to the operating room after being hit by a small truck as she was riding her bicycle through a busy intersection. She has sustained rib fractures and several fractured transverse vertebral processes. Renal injury is suspected. As the perioperative nurse prepares to insert a urinary catheter, she notices blood at the
urinary meatus. What should the nurse's next action be?----------------CORRECT ANSWER - ---- Discontinue the catheter insertion Select the injury or condition that reflect probable child abuse or neglect. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Severe diaper rash with the presence of ammonia burns. Matthew Ryan, a 9-year-old boy, is admitted to the emergency department for a sledding accident, when he lost control of his sled and crashed into a tree. He is pale and in pain; his abdomen is tender and firm to palpation. The CT scan suggests rupture of the spleen with internal bleeding. Matthew's scheduled surgery will be a/an: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------open total splenectomy. Which of the following is a routine part of preventing cross-contamination? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------restricting personnel movement, closing doors, minimizing talking Discharge planning begins during the. --------- CORRECT ANSWER --- -- Assessment Phase Creating a pneumoperitoneum can cause problems with patients who 1. Have respiratory disease 2. Have sickle cell disease 3. Have cataracts 4. Have glaucoma 5. Are morbidly obese --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------------------Not 1 and 2 Cold, clammy skin may be a sign of: --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Anxiety Key points for implementing safe practices include --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- obtaining medications for only one patient at a time, avoiding distractions and interruptions when preparing medications, preparing the medication as close as possible to the time of administration, using safe injection practices Badges worn by pregnant personnel should be worn at waist level and read every: ------- -- CORRECT ANSWER-----------a month General anesthesia with intubation is generally recommended for laparoscopic procedures because of the 1. Need to use muscle relaxant to allow for abdominal insufflation 2. Need to control and increase ventilation to compensate for hypocarbia and respiratory acidosis resulting from absorption of CO2 3. Exaggerated patient positions that can be very uncomfortable for the patient 4. Potential for patient movement, coughing, or bucking that can increase intra-abdominal pressure. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------1, 2, 3, and 4 After an MH crisis, the patient should be observed in an ICU setting for: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------not 1-2 hours One of the two strongest layers in tissue closure includes the------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Fascia
The aortic root is located: --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------At the junction of the origin of the ascending aorta and the left ventricle The RNFA must be aware of structures with structures when assisting. One such example is knowing which structures are located within the broad ligaments. Select the correct group of structures. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------------------------Fallopian tubes, ureters, uterine vessels When choosing a suture needle for tissue such as peritoneum, dura, and subcutaneous tissue, the most appropriate choice is the needle------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Taper The RNFA should be aware of the possibility that a laparoscopic case could become an open case. A reason for this conversion in a cholecystectomy would be for which of the following reasons? --------- CORRECT ANSWER Inability to remove a stone from the CBD via ERCP All of the following wound healing complications are attributed to smoking except: --------
- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Decreased blood viscosity Suture should be selected based on which of the following?-----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Ease of handling Due to excellent healing results with minimal scarring, which suturing technique is commonly chosen for plastic surgery? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------Intradermal A patient has the following lab values noted intraoperatively. pH < 7.35, PCO2<35 mmHg, HCO3 < 22 mEq/L. This patient is in: Select one: --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Respiratory Acidosis A medication often used in cardiac surgery to prevent spasms of vessels is: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Papaverine Injury to this particular layer of vascular tissue can initiate spasm and thrombosis. Which layer must the RNFA be especially careful when handling?------------------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Endothelium Which of the following allows for the most stable and rigid fixation of a fracture? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Locked plating system During a prolonged carotid surgery, the RNFA places the retractors improperly. Which of the following complications can occur as a result of damage to cranial nerve VII ------- -- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Drooping of the corner of the mouth
Prepping for an abdominal hysterectomy that may include the cervix should be performed in what order? --------- CORRECT ANSWER--------------Dirty to Clean Margaret Slayton, a 52-year-old woman with a history of left mastectomy is scheduled for TRAM flap reconstruction. The perioperative nurse gently moved Margaret's arms into the abducted position on the armboards in preparation for positioning. What other considerations must be made for positioning the patient undergoing this procedure? ----- ---- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Raise the head of the bead to low Fowler's flex position to reduce the stretching on the abdominal donor graft wound site Reduction mammoplasty is not indicated for which of the following?----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Hyperthelia What description of the incision will the RNFA provide to a patient scheduled for a modified radical mastectomy? --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------An oblique elliptic incision with lateral extension toward the axilla Identify the marginal boundaries of the breasts --------- CORRECT ANSWER ----- Second to sixth rib and horizontally from the lateral edge of sternum to anterior axillary line When selecting a vascular graft for a vascular bypass or replacement, which of the following is a desirable characteristic that influences the surgeon's choice of graft? ------- -- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Hypoallergenic From the following, which is not a complication of stent placement?----------------CORRECT ANSWER--------Sclerosis The right and left coronary arteries originate in the corresponding sinuses of Valsava which are located. --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------Posterior to the cusps of the aortic valve What does the presence of bruit on auscultation of a blood vessel mean? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------Blood flow is disrupted Patients with acute arterial insufficiency with occlusion usually present with the onset of the six P's: sudden severe pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor, and poikilothermia (coolness) of an extremity. This occlusion can be the result of which condition? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------------------------Rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque A power drill and assorted rotating burrs are essential for middle ear surgery and some sinus procedures. During drill and power saw use, the scrub person keeps irrigation solution on the sterile field to: --------- CORRECT ANSWER---------------------------------prevent clogging of the burr and contamination of the area with bone dust.
