Photosynthesis Review: Process, Reactions, and Role in Global Warming - Prof. Marianne Mcn | Study notes Biology

Review sheet – Chapter 7

Understand that photosynthesis is the process by which organisms synthesize (produce) organic

compounds (glucose) from CO2 and water, using the energy of the sun (solar energy, light

energy)

Understand that photosynthesis produces O2 as a by-product

Know that plants, some protists and cyanobacteria participate in photosynthesis

Understand that photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts (organelle) of cells

Know that chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a light-absorbing pigment which captures the sun’s

energy and gives autotrophs their distinctive green color

Understand that a chloroplast contains two membranes and consists of the stroma, the thick

fluid filling the inner compartment of the chloroplast, and thylakoids, a series of membranous

sacs containing pigment molecules (including chlorophyll) that capture light energy and enables

photosynthesis

Understand that pigments absorb certain wavelengths of light; we do not see the absorbed

wavelengths, only the reflected ones

Know that photosynthesizers produce O2 by splitting a molecule of water

Understand that photosynthesis is divided into 2 stages: light-dependent and light-independent

reactions

oLight-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, and produce O2

(from the splitting ofwater); light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid

membranes and convert NADP+ to NADPH

oLight-independent reactions produce glucose molecules using CO2 and the energy-rich

products of the light reactions (NADPH and ATP); light-independent reactions involve

the Calvin Cycle and occur in the stroma of chloroplasts

Know that the incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds (glucose) is referred to

as carbon fixation

Understand that water is split producing O2 in the light-dependent reactions occurring in the

thylakoid membranes (where the pigments are)

Understand that CO2 is fixed into glucose in the light-independent reactions occurring in the

stroma (no glucose is made in light-dependent reactions)

Know that a photosystem are found in the thylakoid membrane and consist of chlorophyll

molecules organized into clusters (with other pigments and proteins)

Know that there are 2 photosystems: Photosystem II and Photosystem I – understand that light

is first absorbed by pigments in photosystem II and then electrons (and energy) is passed along

to Photosystem I

Understand that photosynthesis does not occur exclusive to cellular respiration, but it does

supply the necessary ingredients for cellular respiration to occur (glucose and O2)

Know that CO2 is an important greenhouse gas

Be able to describe the greenhouse effect and how increasing CO2 levels contribute to global

warming

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Review sheet – Chapter 7  Understand that photosynthesis is the process by which organisms synthesize (produce) organic compounds (glucose) from CO 2 and water, using the energy of the sun (solar energy, light energy)  Understand that photosynthesis produces O 2 as a by-product  Know that plants, some protists and cyanobacteria participate in photosynthesis  Understand that photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts (organelle) of cells  Know that chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a light-absorbing pigment which captures the sun’s energy and gives autotrophs their distinctive green color  Understand that a chloroplast contains two membranes and consists of the stroma, the thick fluid filling the inner compartment of the chloroplast, and thylakoids, a series of membranous sacs containing pigment molecules (including chlorophyll) that capture light energy and enables photosynthesis  Understand that pigments absorb certain wavelengths of light; we do not see the absorbed wavelengths, only the reflected ones  Know that photosynthesizers produce O 2 by splitting a molecule of water  Understand that photosynthesis is divided into 2 stages: light-dependent and light-independent reactions o Light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, and produce O 2 (from the splitting ofwater); light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and convert NADP+^ to NADPH o Light-independent reactions produce glucose molecules using CO 2 and the energy-rich products of the light reactions (NADPH and ATP); light-independent reactions involve the Calvin Cycle and occur in the stroma of chloroplasts  Know that the incorporation of carbon from CO 2 into organic compounds (glucose) is referred to as carbon fixation  Understand that water is split producing O 2 in the light-dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid membranes (where the pigments are)  Understand that CO 2 is fixed into glucose in the light-independent reactions occurring in the stroma (no glucose is made in light-dependent reactions)  Know that a photosystem are found in the thylakoid membrane and consist of chlorophyll molecules organized into clusters (with other pigments and proteins)  Know that there are 2 photosystems: Photosystem II and Photosystem I – understand that light is first absorbed by pigments in photosystem II and then electrons (and energy) is passed along to Photosystem I  Understand that photosynthesis does not occur exclusive to cellular respiration, but it does supply the necessary ingredients for cellular respiration to occur (glucose and O 2 )  Know that CO 2 is an important greenhouse gas  Be able to describe the greenhouse effect and how increasing CO 2 levels contribute to global warming

Photosynthesis Review: Process, Reactions, and Role in Global Warming - Prof. Marianne Mcn, Study notes of Biology

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