Download Rasmussen nur 2407 Pharm exam 1-NUR 2407 EXAM 1 NUR2407 EXAM 1 ( LATEST ) PHARMACOLOGY RAS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Rasmussen |nur | 2407 |Pharm |exam |1\NUR |
2407 |EXAM | 1 |/ |NUR2407 |EXAM | 1 |( |
LATEST |): |PHARMACOLOGY: |
RASMUSSEN |COLLEGE |– |QUESTIONS |
WITH |ANSWERS
Antipsychotics |(neuroleptics) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Resolve | hallucinations Typical |Antipsychotics |(nonphenothiazines) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Haloperidol |(Haldol): |use |in |acute |psychosis |since |it |is | immediate |acting | Crisis |can |cause |dystonia Nursing |intervention: |phenothiazines |and |nonphenothiazines |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Psychotropic |washout |period: |since |many | have |long |half-lives, |avoid |changing |meds |with |overlapping | treatment |which |could |lead |to |toxicity Lorazepam |(anxiolytics) |use |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔works |for | immediate |relief |but |poor |choice |for |longer |term
Major |antidepressant |groups |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Tricyclic | antidepressants |(TCAs) Selective |serotonin |reuptake |inhibitors |(SSRIs) Serotonin |norepinephrine |reuptake |inhibitors |(SNRIs) Atypical |antidepressant Monoamine |oxidase |inhibitors |(MAOIs) SSRIs |and |SNRIs |prevent |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔reuptake |of | serotonin, |increasing |its |level |in |the |brain Serotonin |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A |neurotransmitter |known |as |the |"feel |good" |hormone Momoamine |oxidase |enzymes |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔break |down | neurotransmitters |like |dopamine, |norepinephrine, |and |serotonin |in | the |brain |leading |to |low |levels. These |low |levels |have |been |linked |with |depression |and |anxiety.
Fast |heartbeat | Cold, |clammy |skin Hives, |rash Bloody |vomit, |vomit |resembling |coffee |grounds Bright |red |blood |in |stools, |black |or |tarry |stools Pediatric |pharmacokinetics: |distribution |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Neonates |and |infants |have |less |body |fat, |therefore |low |protein | binding |capability |making |the |available |drug |high Pediatric |pharmacokinetics: |metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Liver |metabolism, |higher |metabolic |rate |-> |increased |rate |of | drug |breaking |down |and |availability Pediatric |pharmacokinetics: |excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Infants |have |decreased |renal |blood |flow |& |glomerular |filtration | rate |-> |drug |buildup
Nursing |implications |of |pediatric |drug |administration |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Considering |developmental |and |cognitive |differences | Maintaining |safety |while |ensuring |comfort | Family-centered |care Nursing |implications: |older |adult |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Adherence: |patient |may |not |fully |understand |drug |regimen 4 |processes |of |pharmacokinetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. | Absorption
- |Distribution
- |Metabolism
- |Excretion Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |movement |of |the |drug |into |the |bloodstream |after |administration Dissolution |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A |process |where |a |drug |in |a | solid |form |disintegrates |into |small |particles |and |combines |with |a | liquid |to |form |a |solution
Energy |is |required Pinocytosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A |process |where |cells |carry |a | drug |across |their |membrane |by |engulfing |the |drug |particles |in |a | vesicle Factors |that |affect |absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Blood | circulation Pain Stress Food |texture Fat |content Temperature pH
Route |of |administration Once |absorbed |in |the |GI |tract, |drugs |pass |from |the |_________ | ________ |to |the |________ |via |the |_________ |_____ |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔intestinal |lumen liver portal |vein First-pass |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Some |drugs |are | metabolized |by |the |liver |to |an |inactive |form |and |are |excreted, | reducing |the |amount |of |active |drug Bioavailability |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |percentage |of | administered |drug |available |for |activity Distribution |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |movement |of |the |drug | from |the |circulatory |system |to |body |tissues |-> |influenced |by |the | rate |of |blood |flow |to |the |tissue, |the |drug's |affinity |to |the |tissue, | and |protein |binding Protein |binding |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔As |drugs |are |distributed | in |the |plasma, |many |bind |with |plasma |proteins.
Blood-brain |barrier |(BBB) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Blood |vessels |in | the |brain |have |a |special |endothelial |lining |where |the |cells |are | pressed |together |tightly |(tight |junctions) |-> |the |lining |is |the |BBB Metabolism |(biotransformation) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The | process |by |which |the |body |chemically |changes |drugs |into |a |form | that |can |be |excreted Primary |metabolic |site |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Liver Half-life |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |time |it |takes |for |the |amount | of |drug |in |the |body |to |be |reduced |by |half Loading |dose |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔An |initial |dose |that |is | significantly |larger |than |the |maintenance |dosing Excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Elimination |of |drugs |from |the | body Main |route |of |excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Kidneys Other |routes |of |excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Bile, |the |lungs, | saliva, |sweat, |breastmilk
Common |tests |used |to |determine |renal |function |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Creatinine |and |blood |urea |nitrogen |(BUN) Creatinine |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Metabolic |by-product |of |muscle | that |is |excreted |by |the |kidneys Urea |nitrogen |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Metabolic |breakdown | product |of |protein |metabolism Potency |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |amount |of |drug |needed |to | elicit |a |specific |physiological |response Maximum |efficacy |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |point |at |which | increasing |a |drug's |dosage |no |longer |increases |the |therapeutic | response Therapeutic |index |(TI) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |difference | between |the |therapeutic |dose |of |a |drug |and |the |toxic |dose Onset |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |time |it |takes |for |a |drug |to | reach |the |minimum |effective |concentration |after |administration Peak |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Occurs |when |the |drug |reaches |its | highest |concentration |in |the |blood
Side |effects |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Secondary |effects |of |drug | therapy Adverse |drug |reaction |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Unintentional, | unexpected |reactions |to |drug |therapy |that |occur |at |normal |drug | dosages Drug |toxicity |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Occurs |when |drug |levels | exceed |the |therapeutic |range Additive |drug |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔When |two |drugs |are | administered |together |and |the |response |is |increased |beyond |what | either |could |produce |alone Synergistic |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |clinical |effects |of | the |two |drugs |given |together |is |substantially |greater |than |that |of | either |drug |alone Antagonistic |drug |effects |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔One |drug | reduces |or |blocks |the |effects |of |the |other Adrenergic |Agonists |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Drugs |that |stimulate | the |sympathetic |nervous |system
Alpha | 1 |receptors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Increases |force |of |heart | contraction; |vasoconstriction |increases |blood |pressure; |mydriasis | (dilation |of |pupils) |occurs; |secretion |in |salivary |glands |decreases; | urinary |bladder |relaxation |and |urinary |sphincter |contraction | increases Alpha | 2 |receptors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Inhibits |release |of | norepinephrine; |dilates |blood |vessels; |produces |hypotension; | decreases |gastrointestinal |motility |and |tone Beta | 1 |receptors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Increases |heart |rate |and | force |of |contraction; |increases |renin |secretion, |which |increases | blood |pressure Beta | 2 |receptors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Dilates |bronchioles; | promotes |gastrointestinal |and |uterine |relaxation; |promotes | increase |in |blood |glucose |through |glycogenolysis |in |the |liver; | increases |blood |flow |in |skeletal |muscles Direct-acting |sympathomimetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Directly | stimulate |the |adrenergic |receptor Indirect-acting |sympathomimetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Stimulate |the |release |of |norepinephrine |from |the |terminal |nerve |endings
Direct-acting |cholinergic |agonists |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Act |on | receptors |to |activate |a |tissue |response Indirect-acting |cholinergic |agonists |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Inhibit | the |action |of |the |enzyme |cholinesterase |(ChE), |also |called | acetylcholinesterase |(AChE), |by |forming |a |chemical |complex |that | allows |acetylcholine |to |persist |and |attach |to |the |receptor. Reversible |Cholinesterase |Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Bind | the |ChE |for |several |minutes |to |hours Used |to |produce |pupillary |constriction |in |the |treatment |of |glaucoma |and |to |increase |muscle |strength |in |patients |with |myasthenia |gravis Irreversible |Cholinesterase |Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Bind | the |ChE |enzyme |permanently Used |to |produce |pupillary |constriction Cholinergic |Antagonists |(Anticholinergics) |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Inhibit |action |of |ACh |by |occupying |ACh |receptors Basic |classes |of |CNS |stimulants |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Amphetamines, |Analeptics, |Anorexiants
Sedatives |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Barbiturates, |Benzodiazepines, | Nonbenzodiazepines, |Anesthetics Antiseizure |drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Hydantoins, | Barbiturates, |Succinimide, |Benzodiazepines, |Valproic |Acid Parkinson's |Drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Anticholinergics, | Dopamine |replacements, |Dopamine |agonists, |MAO-B |inhibitors, | COMT |inhibitors Alzheimer's |Drugs |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Acetylcholinesterase/Cholinesterase |Inhibitors Myasthenia |Crisis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Occurs |when |muscular | weakness |in |the |patient |with |myasthenia |gravis |becomes | generalized Cholinergic |Crisis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Overdosing |with | acetylcholinesterase |(AChE) |inhibitors; |may |complicate |myasthenia | gravis The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |patient |who |has |been |diagnosed |with | myasthenia |gravis. |The |patient |is |experiencing |muscle |weakness, |
