Download Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System: Key Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Speech-Language Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!
Why is there controversy
complex systemprofessionals poorly trained and educatedclinicians often perform poorlyafraid of systempertinent lit not read TERM 2
Neff and Cryoloop Cooling
DEFINITION 2 temporarily damaging the brain by freezing different parts of it to show before, during, and post cooling effects TERM 3
Complete Central Deafness
DEFINITION 3 when you damage both paths a person is completely deaf even though peripheral system is intactmay recover due to plasticity TERM 4
Hugdahl and functional imaging data
DEFINITION 4 auditory stimulus results in the auditory cortex being activated in the fMRI TERM 5
Laterality effects
DEFINITION 5 Boccashown on central tests that both sides are unequaldichotic listening has RE advantage of 3-7%
Differential AEP Data
if you damage the temporal lobe and do central AEPs, it will be abnormal on site of lesionNot true for other lobes of the brain TERM 7
Neural Arborization
DEFINITION 7 branching and synapses connecting to other areas of the brainrequires plasticitydev and aging forces arborization as the brain learns and adapts TERM 8
Redundancy
DEFINITION 8 many neurons can take place of damaged ones: more aud nerves in the brain than in the PNSthe more complex the sound the more neurons needed to break down the code TERM 9
3 Main Contra Pathways
DEFINITION 9
- ventral: close to surface of pons, least protected2. intermediate3. dorsal: very deep in pons, most protected TERM 10
Reticular Activating System
DEFINITION 10 located throughout the brainstemalerting system to the brainvery quick system: 12-15 msecarborization to the cerebellum happens at the level of the midbrain
ABR Waves
tests the integrity of the auditory pathway, but not beyond the ponsI: auditory nerveII: auditory nerveIII: cochlear nucleusIV: LL nuclei, generated by contra SOCV: LL nuclei, 4/5 complex TERM 17
GIN
DEFINITION 17 Gaps in Noise: a synchronous response of neurons shutting down quickly during gap and activating quickly and synchronously at onset of stimuliwidth: time bw two stimuli, more time for neurons to shut downdepth: enough fibers have to shut off for detection to occurcorrelation bw speech perception and gap detection TERM 18
2 factors to listening in noise
DEFINITION 18 masking of the syllablesfilling in of important silent intervals in speech perception TERM 19
Busy Line Effect
DEFINITION 19 there is a finite amount of aud nerve fibers avail for coding an aud speech signal. when noise is presented, some of the avail fibers are being used to code out the noise, thus taking away from coding of the target signalbecomes even more problematic when reduced fibers avail to begin with TERM 20
Where do the auditory nerve fibers project
initially in the cochlear nucleus?
DEFINITION 20 in the root entry zone bw the PVCN and AVCN
3 Things the brain will do at the level of the
AN
modify the signalpreserve the characteristics the AN has codednothing TERM 22
5 types of neurons
DEFINITION 22 pyramidaloctopusglobalmultipolarspherical TERM 23
pyramidal cells
DEFINITION 23 response is "PAUSER"---pauser has spike, shuts down quickly, and starts back upfound in DCN TERM 24
octopus cells
DEFINITION 24 large, doesn't do muchresponse is "ON"---spike, and extremely shortresponsive to click stimulifound in PVCN TERM 25
Global Cell
DEFINITION 25 response is "PRIMARY-LIKE"found in AVCN
Brainstem Fusion Phenomenon
Mascar, 1959merging of informationthe first step of localization and lateralization at the SOC TERM 32
Binaural interference Phenomenon
DEFINITION 32 Jerger 1990bad input on one side with good input on other = overall performance will be less than the goo ear but better than the poorbinaural HAs don't always work TERM 33
Conduction Velocity of nerve fibers
DEFINITION 33 Myelinated: >5-100 meters/secUnmyelinated: > meters/secthe more complex the task/stim the greater the number of neural substrate/circuitry/neurons needed to decode itneed high velocity circuitry to process speech signal
