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PSY120 - Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions Latest
Update 2025 Graded A+ Pass.
Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of - ANSWERS-The behavior of individuals and their mental processes The subject matter of psychology largely consists of - ANSWERS-Observable behavior of humans and other species of animals The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior. This means that psychologists must first ______ behavior. - ANSWERS-Describe Different explanations of behavior are usually judged by how - ANSWERS-Well they can make accurate and comprehensive predictions Two students are discussing their teacher's inability to remember student names. One attributes the inability to a poor memory, but the other believes it is due to a lack of motivation. Researchers would judge which of the two explanations is best by - ANSWERS-Determining how well each explanation predicts behavior in new situations Western psychology traces its origin to - ANSWERS-Classical Greek philosophy In 1908, Herman Ebbinghaus wrote that "psychology has a long past, but only a short history." Which statement best captures the idea that Ebiinghaus was expressing? - ANSWERS-Questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer have been developed In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany - ANSWERS-The first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology was founded It would be accurate to state that William James was interested in the ____ of the mind, and Edward Titchener was interested in the ___ of the mind - ANSWERS- Functions; Contents Psychologists who tae the behaviorist approach seek to - ANSWERS-Understand
how environmental stimuli control behavior A psychologist believes that instincts, drives, and conflicts act as one fuel for behavior; when tension has been reduced sufficiently, behavior stops. This view is most consistent with that of the ____ perspective. - ANSWERS-Psychodynamic The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to
- ANSWERS-The capacity of humans to make choices According to the humanistic perspective, the main task for humans is to - ANSWERS-Strive for positive development The central emphasis of the cognitive approach is on - ANSWERS-Human thought and knowledge The ____ perspective looks for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain, the nervous system, and the endocrine system - ANSWERS-Biological Organisms that are better suited to their environments are more likely to pass on their genes, the brain, the nervous system, and the endocrine system - ANSWERS- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution Eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia, do not seem to be as common in third-world countries as they are in technologically advanced countries. Focusing on reasons for the difference in the incidence of these illnesses around the world is most directly within the province of the ___ perspective - ANSWERS- Sociocultural A classmate comes to you because he is concerned that his best friend is experiencing personal problems. You should suggest to your classmate that his friend may benefit by talking to a (n) ____ psychologist - ANSWERS-Counseling "If an athlete imagines having a good performance, then that athlete is more likely to be successful in an event." This statement is a description of - ANSWERS- A hypothesis A psychologist has generated a hypothesis. Now, - ANSWERS-Research is needed to verify the if-then link
research study that found higher verbs abilities in girls than boys. If this information about gender leads you somehow to communicate to the girls in the experiment that they should do better than the boys, we say that the _____ effect is operating - ANSWERS-Expectancy A placebo effect occurs when - ANSWERS-Participants change their behavior because of their belief that a treatment has an effect In the context of conducting psychological research, control procedures are intended to - ANSWERS-Hold constant variables and conditions other than those related to the hypothesis When psychological researchers are ready to put their hypothesis to the test, they rely on - ANSWERS-The scientific method Research designs often include a control condition - ANSWERS-To serve as a baseline against which the experimental effect is evaluated When neither research participants nor research assistants are aware of which participants receive which treatment, researchers have employed a - ANSWERS- Double-blind control technique Which of the following illustrates the use of a within-subjects design - ANSWERS- Participants are given a spelling test, asked to meditate for ten minutes, and then given another spelling test When planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participants, fifty will have to be randomly assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. The type of experimental design you are using is known as a _____ design. - ANSWERS-Between-subjects As an assignment for your experimental psychology class you have been asked to conduct a study that will yield a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. To complete this assignment, you must use the _____ method - ANSWERS-Experimental To save time, you assign the first fifty people who sign up to participate in your
study to the experimental condition and the next fifty to the control condition. The interpretations you could draw from the study will be severely limited because - ANSWERS-You failed to use random assignment to conditions Sample is to population as - ANSWERS-Part is to whole Imagine that your instructor asks you to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability. The type of design best suited to this task would be a(n) - ANSWERS-Correlation study Which correlation coefficient must be a mistake? - ANSWERS-+1. After you present your excuse for missing class, your instructor tells you that she has found that the more classes students miss, the lower their test grades tend to be. This relationship illustrates a(n) - ANSWERS-Negative correlation You read in a health magazine that the more people that drink and smoke, the greater the number of emotional problems they have. This relationship illustrates
- ANSWERS-A positive correlation A researcher computes a correlation coefficient and determines that it is zero. This finding indicates that - ANSWERS-There is no relationship between the variables One of the most important functions of correlation methods is that their use allows researchers to - ANSWERS-Make predictions about one variable based on information from another variable A seafood distributor hires a researcher to determine whether eating oysters makes one more passionate. The researcher collects data that show that the people who eat the most oysters have the most active love lives. What can be concluded from this research? - ANSWERS-People with active love lives consume more oysters A researcher who is trying to develop a test of musical aptitude is overheard to say, "I want to make sure that the test that I am developing gives similar results tome after time." In the language of psychological measurement, this researcher
the human female they consist of a(n) _____ pair - ANSWERS-XY;XX Which cell part and description is matched correctly? - ANSWERS-Soma; contains the nucleus and cytoplasm that sustains its life The children in a classroom are playing the role of different parts of a neuron and arranging themselves in the order that information follows as it passes along the neuron. Beginning with incoming signals, the correct order is - ANSWERS- Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Terminal buttons At one end of the neuron are swollen, bulblike structures called _____, which make it possible for the neuron to stimulate nearby glands, muscles, or other neurons - ANSWERS-Terminal buttons The primary function of ____ is to carry messages away from the central nervous system towards the muscles and glands - ANSWERS-Motor neurons In loose terms, the "decision" as to whether a neuron will produce a response or not depends upon the - ANSWERS-Excitatory and inhibitory inputs it receives In the context of the action potential, all of the following are consequences of the all-or-none law EXCEPT that - ANSWERS-The size of the action potential varies as a function of the intensity of stimulation On the neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in - ANSWERS-Synaptic vesicles The image of a key fitting into a keyhole is most useful in understanding how - ANSWERS-Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules You come across a magazine article on endorphins. It doesn't surprise you that it is subtitled "the keys to paradise," because - ANSWERS-Of their pleasure-pain controlling properties Broca's area in the brain is most closely associated with - ANSWERS-Language The ___ shows where different types of activity are occurring in the brain and involves the use of a safe radioactive substance that is given to participants - ANSWERS-PET Scan
Which technique uses special radio receivers to detect information from resonating atoms in order to assess brain activity - ANSWERS-MRI The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions. What are they? - ANSWERS-Central and Peripheral All the neurons of the brain and spinal cord make up the _____ nervous system - ANSWERS-Central You remember as a child seeing an insect buzzing on a flower and trying to catch the insect. You may also remember the pain and your hand automatically jerking away. Although you didn't know it at the time, your reflexive withdrawal was controlled by your - ANSWERS-Spinal cord One way to conceptualize the relationship among the elements of the nervous system is to use a hierarchal organization. Using this kind of scheme, the - ANSWERS-Peripheral nervous system can be divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems In the middle of the night, you hear two loud thumps outside your bedroom door. Your _____ nervous system increases your heart rate and sends blood away from internal organs to your muscles, preparing you for "fight or flight." When you learn it is just your roommate coming in late, your _____ nervous system slows down your heart rate and calms you down. - ANSWERS- Sympathetic;Parasympathetic In the brain, the _____ and its surface layer, the _____, integrates sensory information, coordinates your movements, and facilitates abstract thinking and reasoning. - ANSWERS-Cerebrum;Cerebral Cortex All of the following are located in the brain stem EXCEPT the - ANSWERS- Hypothalamus The limbic system includes the - ANSWERS-hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala Involvement of the brain is not necessary for a person to - ANSWERS-Pull his or
An elderly man jokes that his arms have gotten too short to be able to read the morning newspaper without his glasses. In reality, his vision problem is most likely due to - ANSWERS-The inability of the lens to thicken properly Rods operate best in ____; cones operate best in ____ - ANSWERS-Near darkness;Bright light The fovea is on the retina of the eye; it is the place where - ANSWERS-Vision is sharpest
