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Understanding the Basics of Web Technologies and E-Commerce, Study notes of Information Technology

Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)Information Technology

An overview of various web technologies such as backbone, mime type, internet protocols, markup languages, html5, web design, and e-commerce. It covers concepts like client/server, web client, web server, ftp, email protocols, ip, domain name system, url, and more. Additionally, it discusses e-commerce, its advantages and risks, e-commerce business models, and e-commerce security.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 03/11/2012

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Backbone
- Lots of things can happen behind the scene
- ISP: Internet Service Provider send internet to the houses, business, etc.
Client/Server
- Client sent request to Server -> Server returns the information.
- Client is Web browser
- Server is Web server
Web Client
- Protocol: rule to communicate btw Client/Server
- Requests web pages from server
- Receives web pages and files from server
Web Server
- Runs web server software(such as Apache or IIS)
- Receives request for webpage
- Responds to request and transmits status code, web page, and associated files
MIME Type
- Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
oA set of rules that allow multimedia documents to be exchange
Internet Protocols
- No single protocol that makes the Internet and Web work.
FTP
- FPT used to download programs and files from other servers to individual computers.
Email Protocols
- Sending Email
oSMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
IP
- IP routes a packet
IP Address: unique address, can tell who u r in the internet, it may respond to a domain name.
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Download Understanding the Basics of Web Technologies and E-Commerce and more Study notes Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity!

Backbone

  • Lots of things can happen behind the scene
  • ISP: Internet Service Provider send internet to the houses, business, etc. Client/Server
  • Client sent request to Server -> Server returns the information.
  • Client is Web browser
  • Server is Web server Web Client
  • Protocol: rule to communicate btw Client/Server
  • Requests web pages from server
  • Receives web pages and files from server Web Server
  • Runs web server software(such as Apache or IIS)
  • Receives request for webpage
  • Responds to request and transmits status code, web page, and associated files MIME Type
  • Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension o A set of rules that allow multimedia documents to be exchange Internet Protocols
  • No single protocol that makes the Internet and Web work. FTP
  • FPT used to download programs and files from other servers to individual computers. Email Protocols
  • Sending Email o SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol IP
  • IP routes a packet IP Address: unique address, can tell who u r in the internet, it may respond to a domain name.

Domain Name is also unique Domain Name System

  • Divides the Internet into logical groups and understandable names.
  • Associates unique computer IP
  • Browser http://google.com
  • IP address: 74.125. URL Uniform Resource Locator TLD Top-Level Domain Name
  • TLD some insights
  • .net: network
  • .biz = .com DNS Domain Name System
  • Associates with the Domain names with IP address Thursday, January 26, 2012 Markup Languages
  • ML: set of directions that instruct the browser how to display and manage a web document.
  • Tags: used as directions to perform functions such as displaying elements, formatting text, etc.
  • SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language
  • XML: eXtensible Markup Language o A text-based language designed to describe. o Not intended to replace HTML o Search engine will use this format to collect information. HTML 5
  • The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1 Web Design
  • Front End o Web Design: HTML, CSS, JavaScript HTML: Base Template CSS: Styling JavaScript: Functionality
  • Back End o Web Programming: PHP, Java, etc.
  • E-Commerce Business Models o Academic  B2C – Business-to-Customer  B2B – Business-to-Business  C2C – Customer-to-Customer  B2G – Business-to-Government o Practical  Gap.com – You  Ca.com – bankofamerica.com
  • EDI o The transfer of data bwt diff. companies using networks. o EDI is not new o Trading Partners o Newer technologies
  • E-Commerce Security o Encryption: ensures privacy o Decryption: The process of converting the ciphertext back into its original form
  • Encryption Type o Secure E-Commerce transactions use the encryption technologies below:  Symmetric-key Encryption: single-key encryption  Asymmetric-key Encryption: public-key encryption, there is no share secret.  Hash Encryption o SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)  Utilizes these encryption technologies.  Provides for secure transmission of data on the internet.  A protocol that allows data to be privately exchanged over public networks  Developed by Netscape  “https” protocol  SSL provides secure communication btw a client and server
  • Digital Certificate: o The contents of digital certificate include:  The public key  Effective date of the certificate
  • Certificate Authority
  • SSL & Digital Certificates o When u visit an e-commerce site that uses SSL, a number of steps are involved in the authentication process.
  • Order and Payment Processing o E-commerce Payment Models  Cash  Check

 Credit  Smart Card  Micropayments

  • E-Commerce Storefront Solution o Instant Online Storefront: Yahoo, Earthstores, S hopify Tuesday, February 07, 2012 Learning Outcomes
  • HTML: the set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a Web browser page.
  • The World Wide Web Consortium
  • HTML Element: o Each tag has a purpose o Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, “<” and “>” symbols.  Title Tags  Body Tags  Color, etc o Most tags come in pairs: an opening tag and a closing tag.
  • XHTML o The newest version of HTML
  • XML Syntax o An XML document must be well-formed  Use lower case  Use opening and closing tags   Close stand-alone tag with special syntax 
  • Document Type Definition(DTD) Thursday, February 09, 2012
  • Tools o Active Labs
  • First Web Page o Top of web page  <!DTD>  open tag close tag
  • Head & Body Sections o Head Section: contains information that describes the web page document  abc  fuck

 Most widely used: 1024x768, 1280x1024 and 800x  Centered page content

  • Web Design Page: Wireframe o A sketch of blueprint of a Web page o Shows the structure of the basic
  • Lay out o Place the most important information “above the fold” o Avoid long blocks of text o Use bullet o Headings and subheadings o Short paraghphs
  • Text Design : Easy to Read Text o Use common fonts o Use appropriate text size: 16px, 12pt, 100% o Use strong contrast o Bold text as needed o Avoid “click here” o Hyperlink key words or phrase, not entire sentences o Separate text with “white space” or empty space o Check your spelling o Be careful large graphics: remember 60k recommendation o Use alt attribute to supply descriptive alternate text Thursday, February 23, 2012
  • CSS Syntax Sample o Body{color:blue;} o Page 78
  • Hexadecimal Color Values o # is used to indicate a hex. Value o Hex value pairs range from 00 to FF
  • Making Color Choices o Monochromatic: o Choose from a photograph or other image o Begin with favorite color
  • The Font-size Property Tuesday, February 28, 2012
  • CSS Page Layout Overview o W3C recommendation
  • CSS Page Layout Advantages

o Greater typography control o Style is separate from structure o Potentially smaller documents o Easier site maintenance o Increased page layout control o Increased accessibility o Ability to define styles for multiple media types o Support of semantic web

  • The Box Model o Content  Text and web page elements in container o Padding  Btw the padding and margin o Margin  Determines the empty space btw the element and adjacent elements
  • We want to look at in document: Header/Footer – Margin – Pictures – Table – Font (Need to understand all the concepts for the test)
  • Normal Flow Thursday, March 01, 2012
  • Deciding to Configure a class or id o Configure a class  Color, logo, pictures o Configure an id  Specific to only one element on a page.  Use the # notation in the style sheet  Use the id attribute in the XHTML Ex: #abc color:red; abc
  • Choosing a Name for a class or an id o A class or id name should be descriptive of the purpose  Such as nav, news, footer
  • CSS Debugging Tips o Manually check syntax errors o Use W3C o Configure temporary bg color o CSS comments to find the unexpected  /* djdjd */ Tuesday, March 06, 2012