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A concise overview of key concepts in macroeconomics, including demand, supply, equilibrium, and market interventions. it presents definitions and answers to exam questions covering topics such as the law of demand and supply, market equilibrium, price controls, and surplus/shortage. The content is suitable for students studying introductory macroeconomics.
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Demand - Correct Answers: A relationship between price and the quantity demanded of a certain good or service. Quantity demanded - Correct Answers: The total number of units of a good or service purchased at a certain price. Law of demand - Correct Answers: The common relationship that a higher price leads to a lower quantity demanded of a certain good or service. Demand schedule - Correct Answers: A table that shows a range of prices for a certain good or service and the quantity demanded at each price. Demand curve - Correct Answers: A line that shows the relationship between price and quantity demanded of a certain good or service on a graph, with quantity on the horizontal axis and price on the vertical axis. Supply - Correct Answers: A relationship between price and the quantity supplied of a certain good or service. Quantity supplied - Correct Answers: The total number of units of a good or service sold at a certain price. Law of supply - Correct Answers: The common relationship that a higher price is associated with a greater quantity supplied. Supply schedule - Correct Answers: A table that shows a range of prices for a good or service and the quantity supplied at each price.
Supply curve - Correct Answers: A line that shows the relationship between price and quantity supplied on a graph, with the quantity supplied on the horizontal axis and the price on the vertical axis. Equilibrium price - Correct Answers: The price where quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied. Equilibrium quantity - Correct Answers: The quantity at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal at a certain price. Equilibrium - Correct Answers: The combination of price and quantity where there is no economic pressure from surpluses or shortages that would cause price or quantity to shift. Excess supply/surplus - Correct Answers: When at the existing price, quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded; also called a "surplus". Excess demand/shortage - Correct Answers: At the existing price, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Ceteris paribus - Correct Answers: Other things being equal. Shift in demand - Correct Answers: When a change in some economic factor related to demand causes a different quantity to be demanded at every price. Normal goods - Correct Answers: Goods where the quantity demanded rises as income rises. Inferior goods - Correct Answers: Goods where the quantity demanded falls as the income rises. Substitutes - Correct Answers: Goods that can replace each other to some extent, so that greater consumption of one good can mean less of another. Complements - Correct Answers: Goods that are often used together, so that consumption of one good tends to increase consumption of the other.