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Pharmacology Clear and Simple A Guide to Drug Classifications
and Dosage Calculations 3rd Edition by Cynthia J
Desired Dose (D) Amount of medication ordered for patient. On Hand (H) Amount of medication available for use. Supply (S) Concentration or form of medication available. Unknown (x) Amount of drug to be administered. Proportion Method Calculation using two fractions for dosage. Formula Method Calculation using a specific formula for dosage. Dimensional Analysis Calculation using units to solve for dosage. Syringe Types Different syringes for various medication measurements. 3 - mL Syringe
Used for measurements rounded to tenths. 1 - mL Syringe Used for measurements rounded to hundredths. Liquid Injection Calculation Determining volume for liquid medication administration. Insulin Injections Administering insulin with knowledge of its properties. Mixed Insulin Combination of rapid and intermediate insulin types. Regular Insulin Only insulin type administered intravenously. Aseptic Technique Method to prevent contamination during medication preparation. Reconstitution of Powders Mixing powder with diluent for medication use. Sliding-Scale Insulin Insulin administration based on blood glucose levels. Clear to Cloudy Mnemonic for mixing insulins in correct order.
Values multiplied from the top of ratios. Denominator Values multiplied from the bottom of ratios. Final Calculation Divide numerator by denominator for dosage. Rounding Rules Guidelines for rounding medication dosages. Rounding for <1 mL Round to nearest hundredth, e.g., 0.39 mL. Rounding for 1-10 mL Round to nearest tenth, e.g., 5.6 mL. Rounding for >10 mL Round to whole mL, e.g., 13 mL. Tablet Calculation Calculate tablets based on prescribed dosage. Capsule Calculation Determine capsules from prescribed mg to grams. Half Doses Scored tablets can be given in halves.
Whole Capsules Capsules must be administered whole only. Dimensional Analysis Method for liquid medication calculations. Calibrated Medicine Cup Tool for measuring oral liquid medications. Calibrated Oral Syringe Device for accurate liquid medication dosing. Weight-based Medication Dosage calculated per kg of patient weight. Liquid Concentration Concentration of medication in mg/mL. Final Unit of Measurement Unit used in the final answer for dosage. Cancellation of Units Eliminate unnecessary units during calculations. Practice Problem Example calculation for reinforcing dosage skills.
1,250 mg 1,375 mg 625 mg Mr. Doran is prescribed methotrexate. The dosage range of the med for his condition is 0.625 - 2.5 mg/kg/day. If he weighs 165 lb, what is the range, in mg, that Mr. Doran can safely take? Round to the nearest milligram. Select one: 23 - 93 mg 47 - 187 mg 94 - 374 mg 103 - 412 mg 47 - 187 mg How many milliliters of Tylenol oral suspension should Jason's mom measure out per dose, if Jason weighs 76 pounds? NOTE: Self-treatment should not exceed 3 days unless directed by a physician. Do not use more than 4 times a day. Give the recommended dose every 6-8 hours as needed. Select one: 5 mL 7.5 mL 10 mL 15 mL 15 mL Dr. Nguyen orders Cipro 7.5 mg/kg in two divided doses. If the child weighs 44 lb, how many milligrams will the child get for each dose? Select one: 75 mg 115 mg 150 mg 330 mg 75 mg
Alicia is ordered cefprozil 7.5 mg/kg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. She weighs 23 kg. How many milligrams will Alicia receive per dose? Select one: 15 mg 78.4 mg 172.5 mg 345 mg 172.5 mg Jamal is ordered acyclovir. The dosage range is 40 - 80 mg/kg in 3 divided doses. He weighs 37 kg. What is the range, in mg, that Jamal can safely take per day? Select one: 493 - 987 mg 672 - 1,345 mg 1, 480 - 2,960 mg 3,256 - 6,512 mg 1,480 - 2,960 mg Mrs. Monroe weighs 165 lb and is prescribed a med with a dosage of 0.8 mg/kg in 2 divided doses. How many milligrams will Mrs. Monroe receive per day? Select one: 30 mg 60 mg 90 mg 120 mg 120 mg The prescriber ordered ceftriaxone 250 mg IM. How many mL will you need if you use ceftriaxone 500 mg/2.4 mL? Select one:
125 208
Select one:
1 10 25 10 You receive the following order: Heparin 10,000 units in 1L D5NS Your pharmacy is out of heparin 10,000 units/mL. How many milliliters will you dispense of heparin 5,000 units/mL? Select one:
1 2 20 2 A patient is to take potassium chloride oral solution 30 mEq daily in two divided doses. If the pharmacy stocks potassium chloride 40 mEq/15 mL, how many milliliters will each dose be? Select one:
12
You need to prepare 1,400 units of heparin for a patient. Your pharmacy has heparin 1, units/mL in stock. How many milliliters will you dispense? Select one:
14 140
Calculate how many days the prescription will last. Humalog Mix 50/50 Kwikpen U- 100 Inject 20 units before breakfast and 10 units before dinner Qty: 3 mL Select one: 3 10 30 100 10 Apidra SoloStar 100 units/mL pen 30 units subcutaneously BID ac 5 pens How many days will 5 pens last if they're 3 mL each? Select one: 8 25 28 32 25 If the pharmacy stocks potassium chloride 30 mEq/mL, how many milliequivalents of potassium chloride are in 8 mL? Select one: 3 4 160 240 240
- What is missing from the following prescription? The strength (concentration) of the tablets is missing. What is the abbreviation meaning the drug is available for purchase without a prescription or a veterinarian's order? OTC What is a level of controlled substance (C-V through C-I) that cannot be prescribed by a veterinarian because it contains a substance of high abuse with no approved medical purpose? C-I This term means poisonous to cells cytotoxic What does MSDS stand for? Material Safety Data Sheet What does OSHA stand for? Occupational Health and Safety Administration What is mixing two drugs together to create a "new" drug? Compounding What is a dangerous type of drug that is used to treat cancer? Antineoplastic agents or drugs What is the system of measurement that includes tablespoon, pint, gallon, and pound.
household What is capable of producing birth defects; often considered to be similar to the term teratogenic? Mutagenic T/F - the DEA typically requires maintaining the controlled substance logs for a minimum of 5 years. False T/F - Adding acepromazine tranquilizers to a bottle of ketamine is not considered compounding as long as it is not sold to another practice. False T/F - If a drug is labeled as "store at room temperature," then keeping it in a refrigerator to keep it cool is acceptable. False T/F - The use of pill vial caps that are not childproof is illegal in Vet Med because it violates the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970. False T/F - C-III substances have a greater potential for abuse than C-V substances. True T/F - C-II drug prescriptions may not be refilled; a new prescription must be written for each treatment period. True
143 lb 400 g 1363.6 mg 6818.2 g 430 mg Make the following conversions: 25488 mg = ______ lb 0.0092 lb = ______ mg 25 ml = ______ l 43 cc = ______ ml 1.5L = ______ ml 0.056 lb 4181.8 mg 0.025 L 43 ml 1500 ml Make the following conversions: 800 cc = ______ L 0.055 L = ______ mL
0.25 ml = ______ L 0.8 L 55 ml 0.00025 L The Doctor asks you to prepare a dose of ketamine sufficient to restrain a 15-lb cat. The drug formulary recommends using 15 mg/kg IV or IM. The concentration of ketamine in the vial is 100 mg/ml. What volume of ketamine is require for this cat? 1.02 ml = 1.0 ml The vet asks you to fill a prescription for butorphanol for a coughing dog, dispensing sufficient tablets for 5 days of treatment. The dog weighs 55 #'s. The recommended dose is 0.08 mg/kg. The tablets are available in 1-, 5-, and 10-mg sizes. The charge is $.35/tablet. How many tablets are required for a single dose? If the dosage specifies use q6h, how many tablets are required for each day of treatment? How many tablets should you dispense for the total 5 days of treatment? What is the charge for the dispensed medication? 1 - mg tab = 2 tabs/dose 5 - mg tab = 0.4 (1/2) tabs/dose 1 - mg tab = 8 tabs daily 5 - mg tab = 4 tabs daily 1 - mg tab = 40 for 5 days 5 - mg tab = 10 for 5 days 1 - mg tab = $14. 5 - mg tab = $3. The Vet wants to medicat a 16-lb Chihuahua, a 27-lb terrier, and a 66-lb collie. The recommended dosage is 3-5mg/kg PO QID. You are to dispense enough medication to last each
Translate the following: give 3 mg q4h PO prn disp 1 bottle - give 2 gtt OU b.i.d. give 2 cc IP stat Needs to have 3L qd 15 mg IV t.i.d. 4.5 ml of the 5mg/ml concentration q.i.d. Give 3mg every 4 hours by mouth as needed Dispense 1 bottle; give 2 drops in both eyes 2 times daily Give 2 ml by the intraperitoneal route immediately Needs to have 3 L every day 15 mg IV 3 times daily 4.5 ml of the 5mg/ml concentration 4 times daily You are the technician who orders most of the drugs for your veterinary practice. Can you legally order drugs that are listed as C-II? Can and licensed Vet order such drugs? Technicians cannot legally order c-II drugs. Only a Vet with a current state license, state controlled substance permit, and DEA certification number can order c-II drugs. The vet store his controlled subs in a 1-cubic foot metal tool box with a heavy-duty padlock. Is this adequate storage for schedule drugs? What about a wooden cabinet with a lock? Not adequate. Wooden locked cabinet can be adequate so long as it is not easily broken open.
The vet wants to clear out some old records, including some controlled substance logs that are 6 years old. Is it legal to discard these logs? Generally yes, most logs only need to be kept 2 years. A fellow staff member routinely uses a surgical mask and a single pair of latex surgical gloves during preparation and administration of antineoplastic agent. Is this adequate protection? Surgical masks in one layer are porous enough to allow an aerosolized drug to pass though them. A single pair of latex surgical gloves may not be enough to prevent a drug from getting through. The veterinarian in another practice sees that there is a market for the "blue goo" concoction that he compounded as a teat dip to prevent mastitis. Can the DR legally sell this product to your practice if he applies a label to each bottle stating "For use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian"? No, this is not acceptable. A diabetic dog is being treated in the clinic. the dog requires 3.2 units/ml of insulin in both the morning and the evening. U-100 insulin has a concentration of 100 units of insulin/ml and is supplied as 10-ml vials. At the insulin dosage listed above, how many full doses (3.2 units) of insulin for this dog are contained in this vial? 312 FULL doses The vet asks you to dispense digoxin for a client's dog. The recommended dose is 0.22 mg/m2, with m2 being the number of square meters of body surface area. The dog's body surface area is 0.8 m2. The digoxin elixir is available in a concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. To prevent overdosing, the Dr instructs you to use 60% of the calculated normal dose for this dog. How many ml of digoxin elixir should this dog receive for each dose? 0.7 mL You were calcuating the total number of tablets to be dispensed and somehow came up with an unusual answer. The dog weights 42#'s and the dose is 10mg/kg t.i.d. for 10 days and it is available in 50mg tabs. You wanted to determine the total mg needed for 10 days, so you took
