PHAR 100 – Module 3 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Academic Year
2025-2026
low |doses |of |sedative-hypnotics |cause |- |answersanti-anxiety
medium-low |doses |of |sedative |hypnotics |cause |- |answersrelieve |anxiety, |decrease |activity, |moderate |
excitement, |calm
Medium-high |doses |of |sedative |hypnotics |- |answershypnosis |(sleep) |- |drowsiness, |aid |in |onset |and |
maintenance |of |sleep
High |dose |of |sedative |hypnotics |- |answersgeneral |anesthesia |- |unconscious, |absence |of |pain
How |do |depative-hypnotics |work? |- |answersBind |to |different |sites |than |GABA |on |the |chloride |
channel, |enhancing |the |inhibitory |effect |of |GABA
How |does |GABA |cause |inhibition? |- |answersBinds |to |chloride |channels |and |selectively |opens |them
Causes |hyperpolarization |of |the |postsynaptic |membrane, |making |it |harder |for |the |postsynaptic |
neurons |to |transmit |incoming |messages
Depresses |CNS |neuronal |signalling
Activation |of |the |benzodiazepine |receptor... |- |answersincreases |the |frequency |of |the |opening |of |the |
chloride |channel
What |is |the |most |common |drug |involved |in |overdose? |- |answersBenzodiazepines
but |they |have |a |wide |margin |of |safety |so |deaths |are |rare |- |need |a |very |large |dose, |rapid |injection, |or
|mixing |with |other |drugs
What |is |the |antidote |to |benzodiazepines? |- |answersFlumazenil
What |type |of |sleep |do |benzodiazepines |cause? |- |answersREM-type
Short |term |effects |of |benzodiazepines |- |answersCNS: |relaxation, |calmness, |reduced |anxiert, |
drowsiness, |fatigue, |impairment |of |thinking/memory
Lungs: |respiratory |depression |following |rapid |intravenous |administration
Motor |coordination: |moderate |doses |can |impair |motor |coordination |and |driving, |response |
exaggerated |as |dose |is |increased
Chronic |sedative-hypnotic |intoxication |- |answersimpaired |thinking, |poor |memory |and |judgement, |
disorientation, |incoordination, |slurred |speech
Benzodiazepines |and |pregnancy/breastfeeding |- |answersCan |cross |the |placenta
If |administered |in |the |first |trimester |results |in |a |small |but |significant |risk |for |fetal |abnormalities
