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PHAR 100 – Final Exam Queen’s University, Kingston
Typology: Exams
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Codeine |- |answersUsed |for |mild/moderate |pain |relief 0.5% |of |opium Mophrine |- |answersused |of |intense |pain |relief 10% |of |opium Drugs |are |- |answersany |substance |that |is |introduce |that |does |not |provide |nutriousal |value |and | influence |the |biofunction |of |the |tissues Pharmacology |- |answersScience |of |drugs |including |use, |effects |and |actions Ephedrine |- |answerstreats |asthma derivative |used |as |a |decongestant Curance |- |poison |- |answersused |by |native |on |the |time |of |their |arrows |to |paralysis |voluntary |muscles Curance |- |drug |- |answersused |as |a |muscle |relaxer derivates |use |by |anesthesia Ergot |- |poison |- |answersRestrict |blood |flow |t |finger |and |toes violent |contracts |in |uterus hallucination, |convulsions two |Active |principles |of |ergot |- |answersErgotmine Ergonovine Ergotamine |- |used |for |- |answerstreat |migraines constrict |blood |vessels |to |reduce |pulsation Eronovine |- |used |for |- |answersno |longer |used |in |birth |- |contracts |to |violent today |
Reserpine |and |Chlorpromazine- |Benefits |- |answerspatients |can |return |home |& |to |work Reduces |need |for |constants |care Lysergic |Acid |Diethylamid |(LSD) |- |contributed |- |answerssupported |theory |some |mental |ill |might |be | due |to |production |of |potent |substance |that |produce |psychic |disturbances Nitrous |Oxide |AKA |- |answersLaughing |Gas First |doctor |to |use |Nitrous |Oxide |- |answersWells, |dentist Ether |- |use |- |answersused |as |an |anesthesia |for |surgeries Ether |- |first |used |by |- |answersMorton, |doctor Organarsenicals |was |found |by |- |answersPaul |Ehrlich Organarsenicals |- |cured |what |- |answersSphilis |in |the |20th |century Paul |Ehrlich |was |dubbed |- |answersfather |of |chemo |therapy Sulfa |Drugs |- |are |what |type |of |drug |- |answersantibacterial Sulfa |Drugs |- |was |the |1st |? |- |answersSynthetic |drug |to |treat |bacterial |dieases Penicillion |- |who? |- |answersAlexander |Fleming penicillion |- |first |what |- |answersAntibotic penicillion |- |used |for |- |answerstreatment |of |gram-positive |bacterial |disease Streptomycin |- |who? |- |answersSelman |Waksman Streptomycin |- |treatment |- |answerstreatment |of |TB |and |Gram |Negative |Bacterial Sulfa |Drugs- |Who? |- |answersGerhard |Domagk What |is |an |antibotic |- |answersRefers |to |specific |chemical |created |by |micro |organisms |and |not | synthetic Drug |Discovery |- |what |happens |in |this |step? |- |answers- |identify |biological |target |for |the |future |drug
Outcome |- |answersMeasured |in |a |objective |and |reliable |manner Patient |Complaince |- |answers- |must |be |considered |in |Phase | 3 |Clinical |trails
Onset |of |IV |drugs |- |answers15 |to | 30 |sec Advantages |of |iv |Drugs |- |answerscan |be |used |for |any |drug |that |be |dissolved |in |water disAdvantages |of |of |IV |Drugs |- |answersresponse |is |immediate |and |intense |and |irreversible |in |the | event |of |a |drug |reaction costly prep |must |be |sterile |or |could |cause |fever Onset |of |Intramuscular |drugs |- |answers10 |to | 20 |minutes Define |Intramuscular |drugs |- |answersdrug |is |injected |into |the |muscle Onset |of |subcutaneous |drug |- |answers15 |to | 30 |minutes Define |subcutaneous |drug |- |answersinjected |into |the |deepest |part |of |the |skin |layer Why |does |the |dose |of |drug |not |equal |to |concentration |in |blood? |- |answersdue |to |absorption | differences |not |all |of |it |ends |up |in |the |blood Define |bio |availabilty |- |answersas |a |fraction |of |administered |dose Differs |between |drugs |and |administered |methods IV |= |100% other |= |<100% Define |Absorption |of |Drug |- |answersas |movement |from |site |of |drug |admin |to |blood How |does |absorption |through |aqueous |pores |work? |- |answersDrug |is |dissolved |in |water |around |the | cells |and |then |passes |through |small |openings |between |the |cells Diffusion |through |lipids |- |answers- |drug |is |absorbed |through |lipid |portion |of |the |cell
The | 2 |components |of |the |nervous |system |- |answersCentral |(CNS) |and |Peripheral |(PNS) 2 |parts |of |Central |Nervous |sytem |- |answersBrain |and |Spinal |Cord Allopathic |Medicine |- |answersDrugs |used |by |mainstream |medicine Herbal |Medicine |- |answersPlant |products |sold |as |medicine Phytopharmaceuticals |- |answersDrugs |obtained |from |plants, |purified |and |used |at |therapeutic |doses | with |scientific |evidence |of |efficacy |and |documented |toxicity Allopathic |phytopharmaceuticals |- |answersFull |status |as |a |drug |that |meets |all |requirement |of |a |drug Food |supplement |- |answersA |herbal |product |that |is |used |at |one |quarter |of |the |proposed |therapeutic | dose Cancer |drug |class: |alkylating |agents |- |answersagents |binds |to |and |interfere |with |dna |replication Cancer |drug |class: |Mitotic |inhibitors |- |answersagents |affect |microtubule |function |and |the |formation |of |the |mitotic |spindle, |thereby |preventing |cell |division. Cancer |drug |class: |Hormones |and |hormones |antagonists |- |answersDrugs |are |used |to |treat |hormone | sensitive |tumours |by |suppression |cell |division. Cancer |drug |class: |Biologicals |- |answersA |number |of |drugs |derived |through |molecular |biological | techniques |inhibit |cell |replication |by |blocking |cytokines, |which |normally |control |cell |growth. |Some | drugs |are |also |antibodies |to |these |cytokines. penicillin |- |answersinhibits |cell |wall |synthesis Tetracyclines |- |answersinhibits |protein |synthesis Sulfonamindes |- |answersinhibits |folate |metabolism imidazoles |- |answersinhibits |cell |membrane |formations trimethiprim |- |answersinhibits |folate |metabolism Paul |Ehrlich |designed |- |answersOrganoarsenicals Organoarsenicals |- |answersselectively |bound |to |parasites |leasing |to |a |cure |for |syphilis Morphine |is |extracted |from |- |answersopium |poppy Morphine |is |the |gold |standard |for |- |answerspain |relief What |is |a |placebo |- |answersinert |substance |masquerading |as |a |drug The |sound |and |established |way |to |prove |or |disprove |the |value |of |a |new |medication |or |treatments |a | controlled |study. |This |includes: |- |answersThe |people |who |administer |the |drugs |do |not |know |who |is | receiving |the |drug |or |the |control |drug. Drug |A |can |only |relieve |pain |of |mild |intensity. |Drug |B, |on |the |other |hand, |relieves |pain |of |very | marked |intensity. |From |this |one |can |conclude |that: |- |answersDrug |B |has |greater |efficacy |than |Drug |A
Therapeutic |range |is |best |described |as |- |answersThe |range |of |plasma |concentrations |where |the |drug | is |effective |but |toxicities |usually |do |not |occur Ultra |short |duration |of |action |of |thiopental |is |due |to |- |answersredistribution |of |the |drug |from |the | brain |to |muscle |and |fat Intravenous |injections |are |- |answersdrugs |dissolved |in |purified |water; |provides |100% |bioavailability Penicillin |has |the |ability |to |combine |with |proteins |to |form |antigen, |and |small |percentage |of |the | population |receiving |penicillin |experience |adverse |effects. |These |adverse |effects |are |proper |classified | as: |- |answersDrug |Allergy The |TD50 |of |a |drug |in |rats |was |found |to |be |50mg/kg. |The |ED50 |of |the |same |drug |in |rats |was |1mg/kg. |From |this |information, |one |can |calculate |that |the |therapeutic |index |of |the |drug |in |rats |is: |- | answers The |primary |excitatory |neurontransmitter |in |the |brain |is |- |answersGlutamate Most |synaptic |tranmissions |are |what |type |of |communications |- |answersChemically |mediated How |is |drug |use |reinforced |- |answersDrug |use |is |reinforced |by |the |pleasurable |effect |produced |by |a | drug. True |or |false: |Cannabis |can |create |tolerance, |dependence, |and |addiction |- |answersTrue Administration |of |amphetamines |can |create |what |response |- |answersdecreased |respiration These |agents |in |cigarette |smoke |can |cause |cardiovascular |disease |- |answersNicotine |and |carbon | monooxide Caffeine |blocks |which |receptors |- |answersAdensosine |receptors The |use |of |amphetamines |by |athletes: |- |answersOften |results |in |less |that |5% |increase |in |athletic | performance Tolerance |occurs |to |which |effects |of |benxofiaxepines |- |answerssedative |and |hypnotic |effects Zolpidem |is |what |type |of |drug |- |answersa |new |GABA |receptor |agonist |which |has |minimal |effects |on | sleep |patterns Which |drug |can |be |used |for |methanol |poisoning |- |answersAlcohol Chronic |ethanol |abuse |can |cause |- |answerscirrhosis |of |the |liver, |an |irreversible |condition. Which |penicillins |is |resistant |to |the |action |of |penicillnase |- |answersMethicillin Co-trimoxazole |is |a |combination |of |trimethoprim |and |- |answerssulfamethozazole One |key |aspect |of |hormonal |contraceptives |is |- |answersthey |are |very |effective |when |taken |correctly. One |of |the |benefits |of |male |contraceptive, |gossypol |- |answersit |decreased |sperm |count |when |taken | orally |in |99% |of |the |subjects. Ibuprofen |is |effective |in |the |following |qualities |- |answersanalgesic, |antipyretic, |and |anti-inflammatory
A2: | 5000 |μg/2.54 |μg |= | 1968 |(Note | 5 |mg |converts |to | 5000 |μg) A3: |According |to |the |calculations, |this |means |that |the |daily |exposure |to |total |statins |in |drinking |water |is | 1968 |times |less |than |the |minimum |therapeutic |dose. |From |this, |we |can |conclude |that |exposure |to | 2.54 |μg |of |statins |daily |will |not |have |any |adverse |effects |on |human |health.