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Pediatric Nursing Latest Exam With Verified Questions and Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

Frontier Nursing University (FNU)Nursing

What is the site for immunizations for <7 months? - correct answer>>Vastus Lateralis (Anterolateral Thigh) Warfarin (Coumadin) - correct answer>>- A teratogen - Can result in warfarin embryopathy Encopresis - correct answer>>involuntary defecation in less than or equal to 4 years - use of foot stool - schedule regular toileting time after meals - record logs - gradually tapering down use of stool softeners (docusate) or laxatives (polyethylene glycol) Newborn Hyperbilirubinemia - correct answer>>- Jaundiced - Bilirubin is toxic to neurons and can lead to permanent brain damage - Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy (Kernicterus) Jaundice - correct answer>>- yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood - normal in a newborn BUT when it appears within 24 hours of birth is considered ABNORMAL (indicates rapid rise in bilirubin levels)

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Pediatric Nursing Latest Exam With Verified
Questions and Correct Answers
What is the site for immunizations for <7 months? - correct answer>>Vastus Lateralis
(Anterolateral Thigh)
Warfarin (Coumadin) - correct answer>>- A teratogen
- Can result in warfarin embryopathy
Encopresis - correct answer>>involuntary defecation in less than or equal to 4 years
- use of foot stool
- schedule regular toileting time after meals
- record logs
- gradually tapering down use of stool softeners (docusate) or laxatives (polyethylene
glycol)
Newborn Hyperbilirubinemia - correct answer>>- Jaundiced
- Bilirubin is toxic to neurons and can lead to permanent brain damage
- Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy (Kernicterus)
Jaundice - correct answer>>- yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by
an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
- normal in a newborn BUT when it appears within 24 hours of birth is considered
ABNORMAL (indicates rapid rise in bilirubin levels)
Normal voids for 24 hours? - correct answer>>2-6 voids per 24 hours in the first few
days after birth
How to dress newborns in phototherapy? - correct answer>>Only in diapers for
maximum skin exposure and shield eyes with eye patches
Bilirubin is excreted mostly in? - correct answer>>The stool. Increase in bowel
movement is an expected outcome after phototherapy
- Ex: 4 loose stools in 12 hours
Newborns typically feed at what intervals? - correct answer>>Typically 2-3 hours.
Urine color if bilirubin is excreted? - correct answer>>Bronze
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Download Pediatric Nursing Latest Exam With Verified Questions and Correct Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Pediatric Nursing Latest Exam With Verified

Questions and Correct Answers

What is the site for immunizations for <7 months? - correct answer>>Vastus Lateralis (Anterolateral Thigh) Warfarin (Coumadin) - correct answer>>- A teratogen

  • Can result in warfarin embryopathy Encopresis - correct answer>>involuntary defecation in less than or equal to 4 years
  • use of foot stool
  • schedule regular toileting time after meals
  • record logs
  • gradually tapering down use of stool softeners (docusate) or laxatives (polyethylene glycol) Newborn Hyperbilirubinemia - correct answer>>- Jaundiced
  • Bilirubin is toxic to neurons and can lead to permanent brain damage
  • Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy (Kernicterus) Jaundice - correct answer>>- yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
  • normal in a newborn BUT when it appears within 24 hours of birth is considered ABNORMAL (indicates rapid rise in bilirubin levels) Normal voids for 24 hours? - correct answer>> 2 - 6 voids per 24 hours in the first few days after birth How to dress newborns in phototherapy? - correct answer>>Only in diapers for maximum skin exposure and shield eyes with eye patches Bilirubin is excreted mostly in? - correct answer>>The stool. Increase in bowel movement is an expected outcome after phototherapy
  • Ex: 4 loose stools in 12 hours Newborns typically feed at what intervals? - correct answer>>Typically 2 - 3 hours. Urine color if bilirubin is excreted? - correct answer>>Bronze

Normal temperature for phototherapy? - correct answer>>97.7-99.5 (36.5-37.5) Stridor breath sounds - correct answer>>- upper airway obstruction Interventions: Suctioning devices, O2, tracheostomy tray Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Management - correct answer>>- Avoid bumper pads, soft objects

  • Place on back
  • Breastfeeding
  • Vaccinations up to date
  • Pacifier during sleep
  • Onesies for warmth and to avoid using blankets (can obstruct infant's nose/mouth)
  • Firm mattress with fitted sheet Cystic fibrosis sign? - correct answer>>Meconium ileus (intestinal obstruction) Omphalocele or Gastrochisis management - correct answer>>- Cover sac (sterile, plastic bowel bag, saline-soaked gauze covered by loose plastic)
  • Monitor temperature, infection, fluid loss
  • Initiate IV access for ATB administration and electrolyte replacement
  • NPO status if in prep for surgery Sacral dimple with or without tufts of hair or skin tags - correct answer>>- spina bifida occulta
  • incomplete closure of vertebrae that cannot be seen externally Duration to notify HCP if meconium is not noted? - correct answer>>- Within 24- 48 hours, if no stool is noted, contact HCP for immediate evaluation
  • Imperforate anus Umbilical cord - correct answer>>- a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta
  • opaque, whitish-blue
  • 2 arteries, 1 vein
  • 1 artery indicates heart or kidney anomalies Babinski reflex - correct answer>>Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched

Clinical Manifestations of Heart Failure - correct answer>>- Pale, cool extremities

  • Periorbital edema (i.e., puffiness around the eyes)
  • Rapid weight gain
  • Reduction in the number of wet diapers Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure - correct answer>>Impaired myocardial contractility: Tachycardia Pale extremities Weak peripheral pulses Decreased BP Decreased urine output!!! Activity intolerance Loss of appetite Pulmonary congestion: Dyspnea, tachypnea, and orthopnea Systemic venous congestion: Hepatomegaly (larger liver) Peripheral edema (Periorbital in children) Neck vein distension Weight GAIN Ascites What are some manifestations of heart failure in infants? - correct answer>>- Decreased appetite and feeding
  • Due to dyspnea and fatigue What are the factors when choosing foods for toddlers (1-3 years? - correct answer>>- Safety: Small, hard, sticky, and slippery foods pose a choking risk
  • Nutrient density
  • Potential for foodborne illness: Raw or unpasteurized foods create higher risk for infections Examples of healthy snacks for toddlers (1-3 years?) - correct answer>>Piece of cheese, whole-wheat crackers, banana slices, yoghurt, cooked vegetables, and cottage cheese with thinly sliced fruit First signs of puberty in boys - correct answer>>1: testicular enlargement

2: height and weight 3: increased length and diameter of penis 4: appearance of pubic, facial, and axillary hair Signs of severe dehydration - correct answer>>- Lethargy

  • Sunken fontanel
  • Increased capillary refill time
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased respiratory rate Firs nursing action to resolve severe dehydration that affects client's hemodynamic stability and potentiate shock? - correct answer>>Intravenous rehydration Causes of iron-deficiency anemia - correct answer>>- Premature birth
  • Insufficient intake of iron
  • Delayed introduction of solid foods
  • Consumption of cow's milk before age 1 How can UTIs affect the upper urinary tract/kidney (pyelonephritis) or lower tract/bladder (cystitis)? - correct answer>>Bacteria caused by UTI is usually from fecal flora (E. coli) that ascends the urinary tract. Clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis - correct answer>>- Dysuria (pain during urination)
  • Fever
  • Flank pain
  • Costovertebral angle tenderness
  • N/V
  • Urinary frequency Complications: Sepsis, ARDS, AKI Nursing interventions for suspected pyelonephritis - correct answer>>- Obtain C&S
  • Administering antibiotics
  • Monitor VS for indications of urosepsis or septic shock (Decreasing blood pressure, increasing respiratory rate)
  • Administering antipyretics (acetaminophen) for fever and pain Most concerning signs of anaphylaxis - correct answer>>- Swelling of lips and tongue (angioedema)
  • Physical manifestation includes tripod position, drooling, restlessness, anxiety, and hypoxia Health Teachings for Cystic Fibrosis - correct answer>>- Pancreatic enzyme supplements with meals and snacks
  • Diet high in calories, protein, and fat
  • Increase salt intake during significant times of perspiration
  • Incorporate chest physiotherapy daily regardless of symptoms to improve mucus clearance and lung function
  • Encourage physical activity to increase lung capacity Common signs of measles - correct answer>>Let's use the color red: 1: Red eyes — Conjunctivitis 2: Red mouth — Koplik spots 3: Red nose — Coryza (copious clear mucus) 4: Red skin — Erythematous morbilliform rash 5: Red chest — Coughing What vitamin deficiency may occur when clients are diagnosed with measles? - correct answer>>Vitamin A: Deficiency can cause blindness Cystic Fibrosis exacerbation manifestations - correct answer>>- Greasy, bulky stools
  • Blood-tinged sputum (hemoptysis) d/t damaged capillaries from recurring infections
  • Paroxysmal coughing (violent coughing) d/t effort to clear out mucus secretions
  • Hypoxia Why do we give hypertonic saline to patients with cystic fibrosis? - correct answer>>It increases the amount of salt in the airways. Salt attracts water in the airways, thinning the mucus and making it easier to cough out. What causes mononucleosis? - correct answer>>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); so antibiotic therapy is NOT INDICATED Why is aspirin contraindicated in children? - correct answer>>Can cause Reye's syndrome What is Reye's syndrome? - correct answer>>A rare syndrome of rapid liver degeneration and encephalitis in children treated with aspirin during a viral infection

When can clients with streptococcal pharyngitis return to daycare of school? - correct answer>>After completing 24 hours of ATB therapy and are afebrile. Is warm salt gargles indicated for toddlers with streptococcal pharyngitis? - correct answer>>No, it is offered to older clients, because it can pose as a choking hazard for toddlers. Liquid acetaminophen or ibuprofen are preferred and may help decrease discomfort and fever. Behavior Regression - correct answer>>Return of previous behaviors that resemble toddlerhood (e.g., fatigue, irritability, nocturnal enuresis) Dysuria - correct answer>>Painful or difficult urination Developmental Milestones for 2 Months - correct answer>>Gross motor: Holds up head when prone Fine motor: Opens & closes hands Language: Startles at loud noises Social/cognitive: Smiles in response to smiling & talking Developmental Milestones for 4 Months - correct answer>>Gross motor: Gains head control when held Fine motor: Holds objects placed in hand Language: Makes cooing sounds, turns head to caregiver's voice Social/cognitive: Tracks caregiver with eyes Developmental Milestones for 6 Months - correct answer>>Gross motor: Rolls from prone to supine, later progresses to rolling from supine to prone, sits with support Fine motor: Puts objects in mouth Language: Begins to laugh, makes some consonant sounds Social/cognitive: Becomes calmed by caregiver's voice

What fluid is used for transfusions? - correct answer>>Normal saline How long should transfusions be delivered? - correct answer>>1.5-2 hours but less than or equal to 4 hours How should ear irrigation be done properly? (For pinna) - correct answer>>- For less than or equal to 3 years, pull the pinna down and back

  • For more than 3 years, pull the pinna up and back What is the most concerning symptom for epidural analgesia? - correct answer>>Hypotension Infant CPR - correct answer>>- Brachial pulse for no longer than 10 seconds
  • Shout for help and activate emergency response
  • 2 minutes of CPR with at least 100/min. before AED
  • Compressions are about 1/3 of chest anterior-posterior diameter and allow to recoil between compressions
  • Single rescuer compression to breath ratio is 30:2.
  • Double rescuer ratio is 15: Congenital Hypothyroidism - correct answer>>- Condition present at birth that results in lack of thyroid hormones; results in poor physical and mental development; formerly called cretinism Congenital Hypothyroidism Diagnosis - correct answer>>- Newborn screening
  • Decreased TSH, Increased T Congenital Hypothyroidism Signs and Symptoms - correct answer>>- Lethargy (difficulty awakening, hyporeflexia)
  • Dry skin
  • Constipation
  • Bradycardia
  • Hoarse cry (low-pitched) THINK EVERYTHING IS LOW. VEAL CHOP MINE - correct answer>>V = Variable decelerations E = Early decelerations A = Acceleration L = Late decelerations

C = Cord Compression H = Head Compression O = OK! P = Placental Insufficiency M = Move position I = Initiate secondary measures N = Nothing! E = Emergency Delivery Late decelerations and minimal variability of FHR interventions - correct answer>>- Administer IV bolus

  • Reposition client laterally (side-lying)
  • Discontinue IV oxytocin
  • Place internal fetal scalp electrode
  • Preparing for potential c-section Perinatal Aphyxia - correct answer>>- Inadequate fetal oxygenation
  • Can lead to poor cognitive outcomes: Learning disabilities, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Cerebral palsy Perinatal Aphyxia S/S - correct answer>>- Low APGAR scores: <7 out of 10 in 5 minutes
  • Neonatal seizures: rapid eye movement, excessive blinking, jerking movements
  • Acidemia: Umbilical cord arterial blood - > low arterial blood pH is caused by lack of O and lactic acid accumulation APGAR Score - correct answer>>Assessment of newborn's health at 1 and 5 minutes
  • Appearance/Color
  • Pulse
  • Grimace/Reaction
  • Activity/Tone
  • Respiratory effort "Tet" Spells in Tetralogy of Fallot - correct answer>>Occur more often during stressful situations (i.e., crying excessively, disturbed sleep).
  • Sleep should not be interrupted.
  • Make sure to have a calm, comforting environment (particularly on waking)

Kawasaki disease treatment - correct answer>>- IVIG, high-dose aspirin

  • Aspirin is not usually recommended for children d/t Reye syndrome but the benefit of reducing inflammation outweighs the risk for thrombosis.