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PATHO 370 FINAL EXAM 202 5 REAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS|WEST COAST UNIVERSITY(AGRADE)
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia? A. Insufficient ADH secretion B. Excess aldosterone secretion C. Administration of intravenous normal saline D. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water :- answers - : D. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of A. iron. B. intrinsic factor. C. folate. D. erythropoietin. :- answers - : B. intrinsic factor. Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency? A. No change in serum glucocorticoid level B. An increase in serum glucocorticoid level C. A decrease in serum glucose level D. An increase in serum ACTH level :- answers - : A. No change in serum glucocorticoid level Carbon monoxide injures cells by A. destruction of cellular membranes.
B. reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. C. promotion of free radicals. D. crystallization of cellular organelles. :- answers - : B. reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin "Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up," asks the client. The nurse's best response is A. calcium phosphate. B. urea. C.uric acid. D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid :- answers - : C. uric acid. If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience A. oliguria and sodium retention. B. infections and sepsis. C. magnesium and phosphorus loss in urine. D.polyuria and sodium wasting. :- answers - : B. infections and sepsis. Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis. A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Candida albicans C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Pseudomonas :- answers - : B. Candida albicans A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing A. orthopnea.
A. bile. B. cholesterol. C. calcium. D. uric acid salts. :- answers - : B. cholesterol. The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is A. KUB. B. cystogram. C. ultrasonography. D. cystography. :- answers - : C. ultrasonography The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage? A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV :- answers - : B. Stage II The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the A. bone marrow. B. kidney. C. lung. D. liver. :- answers - : B. kidney Cystic fibrosis is associated with A. asthma.
B. chronic bronchitis. C. bronchiectasis. D. emphysema. :- answers - : C. bronchiectasis Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of A. viral hepatitis. B. alcohol-induced injury. C. cirrhosis. D. acetaminophen toxicity. :- answers - : B. alcohol-induced injury. Surgical removal of a gland may result in A. hypersecretion. B. hyposecretion. C. hyporesponsiveness. D. tissue resistance. :- answers - : B. hyposecretion. A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as A. cretinism. B. myxedema. C. goiter. D. colloidosis. :- answers - : C. goiter. A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is A. decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN). B. decreased serum sodium.
Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? A. Acute pyelonephritis B. Hydroureter C. Incontinence D. Polycystic kidney disease :- answers - : D. Polycystic kidney disease A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing A. right-sided heart failure. B. cardiomyopathy. C. a medication reaction. D. acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. :- answers - : D. acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include A. coma. B. headache. C. muscle cramps. D. short and shallow respirations. :- answers - : B. headache. The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of A. recurrent infection. B. destruction of alveolar septa. C. reduced inflammation. D. barrel chest. :- answers - : A. recurrent infection.
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. A. Aging B. Obesity C. Sedentary lifestyle D. Cardiovascular disease :- answers - : B. Obesity Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of A. associated infections. B. associated dermatomes. C. muscle tension. D. anxiety. :- answers - : B. associated dermatomes. A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because A.mhepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. B. albumin is excreted in the urine. C. albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. D. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome. :- answers - : B. albumin is excreted in the urine. Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.) A. Polyuria B. Polydipsia C. Polyphagia D. Obesity E. Weight gain :- answers - : A,B,C
B. ACTH.
C.glucocorticoids. D.immune cytokines. E.TSH. :- answers - : A,C,D Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to (Select all that apply.) A.decreased urinary output. B.increased blood potassium. C.increased sodium retention. D.increased blood volume. E.decreased blood pressure. :- answers - : A,C,D Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to (Select all that apply.) A.cardiovascular disease. B.depression. C.impaired cognitive function. D.autoimmune disease E.overactive immune function. :- answers - : B,C,D Tumor markers (Select all that apply.) A.are found only in the blood. B.are always useful for screening. C.help determine cancer origin. D.help identify progression of cancer E.include prostatic-specific antigen :- answers - : C,D
Which viruses have been implicated as cancer-causing agents? (Select all that apply.) A.Epstein- Barr B.Human T-cell leukemia C.Human immunodeficiency D.Herpes E.Shingles :- answers - : A,B,C Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (Select all that apply.) A.Urinary retention B.Renal failure C.Cirrhosis D.Systemic lupus erythematosus E.Ovarian cancer :- answers - : B,D,E A male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with acute flank pain. What additional bleeding may the patient exhibit? (Select all that apply. A.Hematuria B.Melena C.Hematemesis D.Menorrhagia E.Hemoptysis :- answers - : B,C,E Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through which measures? (Select all that apply.) A.Interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors B.Vasomotor center in the brainstem
A patient has heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Which findings are most likely found in this patient? (Select all that apply.) A.High cardiac output B.Pulmonary congestion C.Edema D.Ejection fraction greater than 50% E.Ejection fraction less than 45% :- answers - : B,C Clinical manifestations of pleural effusion include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A.Dyspnea B.Sharp pain on expiration C.Productive cough D.Diminished breath sounds E.A tracheal shift, if large :- answers - : A,D,E A patient with forward effects of heart failure may present with which symptoms? (Select all that apply. A.Impaired memory B.Mental fatigue C.Stupor D.Confusion E.Aggression :- answers - : A,B,D Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present as ( Select all that apply.) A.unstable angina. B.MI
C.sudden cardiac arrest. D. Bleeding E.hypovolemia, :- answers - : A,B,C Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for (Select all that apply.) A.stroke. B.cognitive impairment. C.death. D.myocardial infarction. E.urinary retention. :- answers - : A,B,C A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the (Select all that apply.) A.liver. B.spleen. C.stomach. D.pancreas. E.kidneys. :- answers - : A,B,E Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? (Select all that apply.) A. MCV B. MCH C.MCHC D.WBC E. Thrombocytes :- answers - : A,B,C
D. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient. :- answers - : D. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient. The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. True False :- answers - : True A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? A. Vitamin B12 deficiency B.Folate deficiency C. Iron deficiency D. Erythropoietin deficiency :- answers - : C. Iron deficiency Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of A.excessive production of connective tissue. B. formation of osteophytes in tissues. C. immune injury to basement membranes. D. impaired tissue oxygen transport. :- answers - : C. immune injury to basement membranes. The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of A. neuroses.
B. ureteral stone. C. neurogenic bladder. D. Interstitial cystitis :- answers - : D. Interstitial cystitis Normal bile is composed of A. water, electrolytes, and organic solutes. B. proteins. C. bile acids. D. phospholipids. :- answers - : A. water, electrolytes, and organic solutes. Parkinson disease is associated with A. demyelination of CNS neurons. B. a pyramidal nerve tract lesion. C. insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia D. a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra. :- answers - : D. a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra. Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function primarily because of A. inflammatory events in the lung. B. secondary pneumonia. C. weak muscles of respiration. D. inactivity secondary to the disorder. :- answers - : C. weak muscles of respiration. After evaluation, a child's asthma is characterized as "extrinsic." This means that the asthma is A. of unknown pathogenesis. B. associated with specific allergic triggers.
C. 210
D. 21.05 :- answers - : A. 19. High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases A. stroke volume. B. blood volume. C. preload. D. afterload. :- answers - : D. afterload. Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of A. embolic stroke. B. subarachnoid hemorrhage. C. subdural hemorrhage. D. meningitis. :- answers - : B. subarachnoid hemorrhage. A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is A. stroke. B. hypertensive crisis. C. extremity necrosis. D. pulmonary embolus. :- answers - : D. pulmonary embolus. The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) may be A. decorticate posturing. B. absence of verbalization. C. sluggish pupil response to light. D. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13. :- answers - : C. sluggish pupil response to light.
Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed A. partial. B. complex. C. focal. D. generalized. :- answers - : D. generalized A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop A. hypokalemia. B. hyperkalemia. C. hypophosphatemia. D. hyperphosphatemia. :- answers - : C. hypophosphatemia. Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by A. hypernatremia. B. hyponatremia. C. hyperkalemia. D. hypokalemia. :- answers - : D. hypokalemia Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because A. excess potassium leaches calcium from bone. B. erythropoietin secretion is impaired. C. urea causes demineralization of bone. D. they are deficient in active vitamin D. :- answers - : D. they are deficient in active vitamin D.
