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What occurs every 3.14 inches and are due to a dirty or defective roller? -ANSWERS-Pi Lines
What color is the polyester plastic film base tinted? - ANSWERS-Blue Do dark room walls need to be painted black? - ANSWERS-No!! If kVp is increased, the amount of scatter will - ANSWERS-increase If the kVp is increased, the amount of image density will - ANSWERS-increase If the kVp is increased, the image contrast will - ANSWERS-decrease If the kVp is increased, the patient and operator dose will - ANSWERS-increase
What is Anemia? - ANSWERS-Decrease of oxygen in blood, low blood count What is Leukopenia? - ANSWERS-Low WBC count What is epilation? - ANSWERS-Loss of hair What does ALARA stand for? - ANSWERS-As Low As Reasonably Achievable What is collimation? - ANSWERS-Limits the size/area of the x-ray beam What is a proton? - ANSWERS-Positively charged, in nucleus of atom What is a neutron? - ANSWERS-No electrical charge, in nucleus of atom What is a electron? - ANSWERS-Negatively charged, in orbital shell aroundnucleus of an atom
What is an ion? - ANSWERS-A charged particle What is ionization? - ANSWERS-Process of an electron leaving its orbit around aneutral atom
Does electromagnetic radiation have mass? - ANSWERS-No What has higher energy than visible light? - ANSWERS-X-rays What happens when x-rays are absorbed by body tissue? - ANSWERS-Causesionization of atoms and molecules
Ionization can result in what type of damage? - ANSWERS-Biological Damage What is radioplaque? - ANSWERS-DOES NOT go through What is radiolucent? - ANSWERS-Sees through A special mechanism that stops tube movement at a specific location is? -ANSWERS-Detent
What device receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of thebody part? - ANSWERS-Image Receptor
What type of cassette containing film receives x-ray beam? - ANSWERS-Filmbased
What is a latent image? - ANSWERS-A hidden image A cassette containing film receives the x-ray beam. The film now contains alatent image and will become visible after being processed in a? - ANSWERS- Dark room What type of cassette containing a phosphor plate receives the x-ray beam? -ANSWERS-Computed Radiography
In CR, the phosphor plate will be scanned by a? - ANSWERS-Laser An electronic plate receives the x-ray beam and produces and electronic signalthat is sent directly to a computer for processing and digital image formation? - ANSWERS-Direct/Digital What prevents scatter radiation from reaching the IR? - ANSWERS-Grid What includes a tray to hold the IR? - ANSWERS-Bucky What does the collimator do? - ANSWERS-Limits the size of the radiation field What does transverse mean? - ANSWERS-Movement of the x-ray tube acrossthe patient from left to right
What type of x-ray would the electron strike the target interacting with targetatom nucleus, slows down, losing kinetic energy that is converted into an x-ray?
- ANSWERS-Bremmstrahlung x-ray What type of x-ray would the electron strike the target while ejecting the innershell electron of target atom, an outer shell electron would then fill the vacancy with the release of x-ray photon - ANSWERS-Characteristic x-ray What is a focusing cup? - ANSWERS-Propels electrons towards a specific area ofthe anode target
What is the focal spot? - ANSWERS-Area of the target which electrons interact What rotates during exposure? - ANSWERS-Anode What does the small filament do? - ANSWERS-Provides greater image detail The effective focal spot is smaller than the? - ANSWERS-Effective focal spot size Radiation intensity is greater at the cathode and less at the anode end of the x-ray beam because of the? Only significant when using entire beam (14x17 in at 40 or 72 in) - ANSWERS-Anode Heel Effect
Placing thinner parts under the anode portion of the x-ray beam would resultin? - ANSWERS-Uniform radiographic density
Higher kVp would do what to the penetration? - ANSWERS-Increase penetration Higher kVp should be used for what type of body parts? - ANSWERS-Larger ormore dense body parts
The pyrex class envelope of the x-ray tube supports what? - ANSWERS-Electrodes and maintains a vacuum
What does filtration do? - ANSWERS-Removes low energy x-ray photons fromthe x-ray beam that cause unnecessary patient expsoure
Radiation scatter production is increased when? - ANSWERS-The collimator iswide open, the kVp is too high, or the body part is to thick
Quality of the beam is? - ANSWERS-kVp Directly proportional to the quantity of the x-ray beam? - ANSWERS-mAs The focal spot size may effect the? - ANSWERS-Sharpness of the image
What would you double to get double radiographic intensity? - ANSWERS-mAand time
What would you double to get 1/4 radiographic intensity? - ANSWERS-SID What is contrast? - ANSWERS-The difference in density between adjacent areasof the image
What is the overall "blackness" of the image? - ANSWERS-Density What is a misrepresentation of the true shape of an object? - ANSWERS-Shapedistortion
What is image clarity of the ability to visualize small structures? - ANSWERS-Detail
Primarily controlled by kVp - ANSWERS-Contrast Primarily controlled by mAs - ANSWERS-Density What is decreased when increasing the SID? - ANSWERS-Size distortion(magnification) and shape distortion
What is increased when increasing the SID? - ANSWERS-Detail What is increased by angulation of the body part? - ANSWERS-Shape distortion What is increased by angulation of the central ray? - ANSWERS-Shape distortion What is decreased by using larger focal spot size? - ANSWERS-Detail What is decreased by increased patient motion? - ANSWERS-Detail What is increased by an increased OID? - ANSWERS-Size distortion(magnification)
What is decreased by increased screen crystal size? - ANSWERS-Detail What has the greatest radiographic density? - ANSWERS-Detail What best demonstrates the anatomy of interest? - ANSWERS-Contrast What represents the lowest mAs setting? - ANSWERS-Density
What emits light only when stimulated? - ANSWERS-Fluorescence Fluroscopy is? - ANSWERS-The moving x-ray and pt swallows barium sulfate Attenuation - ANSWERS-A decrease in the useful beam as it is partially absorbedby a body part
Remnant radiation - ANSWERS-Radiation remaining after passing through thebody part and strikes the IR and forms the image
What continues the emit light AFTER stimulation? - ANSWERS-Phosphorescence The purpose of intensifying screens is to reduce or decrease the amount of? -ANSWERS-Exposure required to produce an image
When using intensifying scrreens, what percent of the image is actually formedby light? - ANSWERS-99%.
As screen speed increases, the number of x-rays needed to produce densitywill? - ANSWERS-Decrease
Higher speed screens are made of? - ANSWERS-Thicker phosphor layer and anincrease of crystal size
What type of test is used to monitor screen film contact? - ANSWERS-The wiremesh test
A layer of lead foil may be found in the back of a cassette to prevent -ANSWERS-backscatter
Pairing a green light emitting screen phosphor with a film sensative to greenlight is? - ANSWERS-Spectral Matching
What is an artifact? - ANSWERS-Unwanted marks or images appearing on an x-ray
Using a higher screen speed and decreased mAs will result in - ANSWERS-Increased quantum mottle
What is the purpose of the film cassette? - ANSWERS-Prevent light fromexposing the film, prevent marks from scratching and bending the film, provide support for intensifying screens What does wide latitude refer to? - ANSWERS-The property of a film that allowsa large range of exposures that result in useful film density
What does FIFO mean? - ANSWERS-FIRST IN, FIRST OUT. Use the oldest first.
What occurs when insufficient exposure factors are used in digital imagingresulting in a mottled image appearance? - ANSWERS-Image noise
Digital receptors provide a wide range of exposure latitude when compared to -ANSWERS-film screen systems
Using digital image will result in fewer rejected images due to - ANSWERS-overor under exposure
What maintains the processor chemistry at the appropriate volume? -ANSWERS-Replenishment system
What includes deep racks and crossover assemblies? - ANSWERS-Transportsystem
What removed unexposed silver halide crystals from the film? - ANSWERS-Fixer What is a typical dark room safelight filter? - ANSWERS-GBX What converts exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver? -ANSWERS-Developer
What agitates dark room chemicals and keeps them at proper temp? -ANSWERS-Recirculation system
What maintains the processor chemistry at proper strength? - ANSWERS-Replenishment system
What eliminates the need for a true "wet reading"? - ANSWERS-Dryer What has the strong acid? - ANSWERS-Fixer What has the strong base? - ANSWERS-Developer Developer temp is critical and should be - ANSWERS-95 degrees F Too much development can cause a general layer of added gray to the filmwhich is called - ANSWERS-Processor Fog
Under low humidity , static electricity can look like? - ANSWERS-Trees orlightning
What is a partial moon shaped density caused by improper film handling? -ANSWERS-Crescents
What technique chart is used for the standardized image contrast? - ANSWERS-Fixed kVp chart
What technique chart is used for tissue thickness calipers to measure the part? -ANSWERS-Fixed kVp chart, Variable kVp chart
What does grid cutoff mean? - ANSWERS-primary radiation removed by a grid ifused incorrectly
What is the traditional unit of absorbed dose? - ANSWERS-RAD SI unit of the absorbed dose - ANSWERS-Gray Tradition unit of exposure in air - ANSWERS-Roentgen Traditional unit of radiation equivalent - ANSWERS-rem SI unit of radiation equivalent - ANSWERS-Seivert Traditional unit used to denote pts dose - ANSWERS-RAD Traditional unit used to denote operator dose - ANSWERS-rem
Dose in RAD multiplied by a quality factor gives the dose in.. - ANSWERS-rem Gray equals 100 - ANSWERS-RAD 1 Seivert equals 100 - ANSWERS-rem SI unit of exposure in air - ANSWERS-Coulombs/kg Average annual dose from background radiation - ANSWERS-0. Cumulative dose limit for 50 year old radiation worker - ANSWERS-50 rem Annual dose limit for the general public - ANSWERS-0.1 rem Total equivalent dose for the embryo/fetus during gestation - ANSWERS-0.5 rem Annual dose limit for an occupationally exposed radiation worker - ANSWERS-5rem
What are the least radiosensitive cells? - ANSWERS-Nerve cells, muscle cells,highly differentiated cells
