Download NYS Cosmetology Licensing Written Exam Review Guide With Complete Solutions and more Exams Cosmetology in PDF only on Docsity!
NYS Cosmetology Licensing Written Exam
Review Guide With Complete Solutions
Bacteriology - ANSWER study of microorganisms called bacteria Bacteria - ANSWER another name for germ or microbe, minute one celled,vegetable origin, seen with microscope.
Cocci - ANSWER spherical bacteria Spirilla - ANSWER spiral shaped bacteria Bacilli - ANSWER Rod shaped bacteria pathogenic - ANSWER causing disease Non Pathogenic - ANSWER Bacteria that are not harmful parasite - ANSWER An organism that feeds on a living host saprophyte - ANSWER An organism that feeds on dead matter Human Relations - ANSWER the study of how people interact in the workplaceand how communication can be improved
Flagella - ANSWER A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility Mitosis - ANSWER cells split in half Natural Immunity - ANSWER born with immunity acquired immunity - ANSWER immunity that the body develops after itovercomes a disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
General Infection - ANSWER Occurs when the circulatory system carriesbacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body
Local Infection - ANSWER An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that isconfined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. EPA - ANSWER Environmental Protection Agency MSDS - ANSWER Material Safety Data Sheet OSHA - ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration PPE - ANSWER Personal Protection Equipment sodium hydrochlorite - ANSWER Household bleach QUAT - ANSWER Quaternary ammonium compound 1:1,000 parts
purpose of conditioning treatment - ANSWER hydrate moisturize damaged dryhair.
scalp massage is not suggested for - ANSWER clients with severe hypertensionthat is uncontrolled by a doctor
if in doubt _____________ a scalp massage without the clients permission from adoctor - ANSWER do not perform
to avoid muscle fatigue - ANSWER maintain good posture be ergonomic conscience in salon to - ANSWER avoid strain and physicalproblems
stand with feet ________ and ______________ shift weight - ANSWER shoulderwidth apart; frequently
Keep head _______ and your shoulders ___ - ANSWER level; up to avoid back strain while picking things up - ANSWER bend knees conduct thorough scalp analysis and check for - ANSWER abrasion ,dry/oilyscalp, flaky dandruff, ticks or lice (pediculosis capitis)
Average PH for acid based shampoos _________________ and conditioners___________ - ANSWER (4.5-5.5); (5.5-6.9)
Alkaline shampoo is PH - ANSWER 7.1-9. High PH alkaline shampoo will cause hair color to - ANSWER fade faster hairs natural PH ________ so pick shampoo closet to hairs natural PH to avoidany damage - ANSWER 4.5-5.
Hard Water - ANSWER well water; contains minerals; hard to lather Soft water - ANSWER rainwater; chemically treated to gt rid of minerals solathers easy
Main ingredient in most shampoos - ANSWER water Surfectant - ANSWER 2nd main ingredient in shampoo. cleansing moleculesand have two ends (hydrophilic and lipophilic)
hydrophillic - ANSWER Attracted to water lipophillic - ANSWER attracted to oil Humectant - ANSWER moisturizing molecules used in conditioners to hold inmoisture
Medicated shampoos - ANSWER Shampoos that contain special chemicals ordrugs that are effective in reducing excessive dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions are:
Density - ANSWER thickness of hair, numbers of per square inch Porosity - ANSWER ability of hair to absorb moisture elasticity - ANSWER ability of hair to stretch and return tenacity - ANSWER overall toughness of hair to stand up to chemicalprocedures; comes from cortex
cuticle - ANSWER hairs gateway and opens & closes porosity; acts as aprotective outer layer
cortex - ANSWER 90% of hairs strength; elasticity; pigment; bonds; 2nd layer medulla - ANSWER pith or marrow innermost layer absent in very fine hair;innermost layer
follicle - ANSWER sets direction of hair shaft; tube like pocket encases the hairroot
papilla/dermal papilla - ANSWER blood vessels cone shaped elevation; ifdestroyed, hair will not be able to grow back
Pityriasis - ANSWER dandruff (fungus malassezia causes dandruff) Pityriasis steatoides - ANSWER oily dandruff
pediculosis capitis - ANSWER head lice; parasite infects hair and scalp Bulb - ANSWER fits over papilla; club shaped hair anagen - ANSWER growth phase of hair growth catagen - ANSWER transitional phase of hair growth telogen - ANSWER resting phase of hair growth albino - ANSWER absence of pigment melanin in hair arrector pili - ANSWER muscle pushes out old and in new hair; causes gooseflesh bumps to warm us up by holding body heat in
sebaceous glands - ANSWER secretes sebum (oil) gives shine to hair Thermal irons are tested on ____________ - ANSWER tissue paper Heat spray used as _______________ against thermal heat - ANSWER protectant hair must be completely _____________ before using a thermal iron - ANSWERdry
Hair dryers must be used in a ___________________ motion - ANSWER back andforth
close center pin curl gets tighter towards ___________ - ANSWER ends triangular bases are used at front hair line to avoid splits in ____________ -ANSWER combouts; open center pin curl
condition of hair must be ___ to comb out pin curls or finger waves - ANSWERdry
emphasize the ridges or finger waves by_______________________ - ANSWERpressing fingers firm against head not pinching or squeezing
skip waves - ANSWER alternating rows of finger waves and pin curls carved curls are - ANSWER overlapping curls from shaping all pin curls start at open end of shaping - ANSWER (-open end )-closed end Roller placement - ANSWER on base- more volume less movement half off base- medium volume medium movement off base- no volume more most movement effleurage - ANSWER slow long strokes rhythmic, not to firm kneading/petrissage - ANSWER deep firm pressure
tapotement - ANSWER tapping Percussion/Tapotement - ANSWER Massage technique that involves short, lighttapping or slapping movements
vibration - ANSWER gentle shaking fast movement friction rubbing creates - ANSWER warmth massage benefits include - ANSWER increased blood circulation, expandingand contracting workout for muscles, relaxation, stimulates glandular activity, offering better gland function sebaceous glands and sudoriferous glands. thinning hair rules: - ANSWER course hair-never too close to scalp fine hair- can be closer to scalp, but never close to ends (lifeless hair) The hair should be ___ when you use a razor or else it will pull and hurt client.- ANSWER damp
hair styles should be designed to accent a client's _________ - ANSWER goodfeatures
tapering/layering - ANSWER shortening hair in a graduated effect effilating - ANSWER Also known as slithering; process of thinning the hair tograduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened.
active ingredient in acid wave - ANSWER glycerol monothioglycolate active ingredient in cold wave - ANSWER ammonium thioglycolate end papers in perming must be________ so perm can take hold - ANSWERporous
perm waving lotion causes hair to - ANSWER soften and swell neutralizer causes hair to - ANSWER harden into new shape disulfide bonds broken by - ANSWER perm solution curl in perming depends on the - ANSWER size of the rod used hair should be ________________ on rod without fishhooks - ANSWER evenlydistributed
concave rods are _________ in the middle of the rod - ANSWER smaller convex rods are _____________ in the middle - ANSWER wider straight rods give an ____________ curl across the rod - ANSWER even hydrogen bonds and salt bonds can be broken by - ANSWER water
rubber bands should not be too ___________ at scalp or ___________, bandsshould go across the front top of rod. - ANSWER tight; twisted
alkalizing agents are needed to ______________________ the hair also calledreducing agents - ANSWER soften and swell
reduction occurs by either the addition of ______________ or the removal of__________________. in perm waving, it is by ________________________. - ANSWER hydrogen; oxygen; addition of hydrogen in cortex test curl - ANSWER unwind 1 1/2 times bounce rod towards scalp look for "s"shape
over processed hair - ANSWER curly when wet and straight when dry under processed hair is usually ________ when wet - ANSWER straight basic wrap straight 6 sections - ANSWER down and under Brick layer wrap staggered rods like a - ANSWER brick wall Directional wrap - ANSWER toward or away face/under or up Spiral wrap is for - ANSWER loose curls on long hair piggy back wrap for - ANSWER long hair using two rods
Nerves and blood vessels found in matrix of nail - ANSWER if destroyed nailwon't grow back
Eponychium - ANSWER The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of thenail
hyponychium - ANSWER cuticle under free edge Hair and nails chiefly composed of the protein - ANSWER keratin lunula - ANSWER half-moon at base of nail and visible portion of matrix Athlete's foot - ANSWER tinea pedis, contagious plantars wart only can spread to - ANSWER feet free edge is filed - ANSWER corner to center in one direction onychaphagy - ANSWER nail biting gel nails require UV light to - ANSWER cure or harden them nail tips add - ANSWER length acrylic nail adds - ANSWER strength and length and uses liquid monomer and
powder To strengthen natural nail or nail tips add - ANSWER silk, fiberglass, or linen onychogryposis - ANSWER ingrown toe nail file tonails straight across to avoid - ANSWER ingrown toenails manis - ANSWER nails pedis - ANSWER feet skin is the largest organ of the body and weighs about ___ pounds on anaverage adult - ANSWER 5-
verruca - ANSWER wart; virus can spread anywhere vitiligo - ANSWER white spots on skin Alopecia Areata - ANSWER baldness in spots alopecia prematura - ANSWER baldness at young age alopecia universalis - ANSWER baldness all over entire body canities - ANSWER gray hair
comedone - ANSWER blackhead Milia - ANSWER whitehead uv light/tanning - ANSWER protect eyes infared used in facials wear - ANSWER eye protection water is _______ on the pH scale - ANSWER neutral alkaline harsh - ANSWER neutral pH 7 acid more gentle Acidic - ANSWER Below 7 on the pH scale Alkaline - ANSWER having a pH greater than 7 deionized water has had - ANSWER impurities removed boiling water at 212 degrees Fahrenheit will destroy - ANSWER bacteria fresh water is purified by - ANSWER sedimentation (matter sinks to bottomleaving fresh clear water)
tap water is purified by - ANSWER filtration water is passed through filter thentreated by chlorine to kill bacteria)
soft water is - ANSWER rainwater or chemically treated water (shampoos lathereasily because less minerals are present)
hard water is - ANSWER well water; contains minerals; hard to lather hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are - ANSWER broken down by water disulfide bonds can only be broken down by - ANSWER chemicals (perms andrelaxers)
distillation is when - ANSWER the water evaporates and then condensationtakes place and vapors turn back into a liquid and purifies the water
Temporary color - ANSWER certified color; FDA approved; shampoos out; can'tlighten; only deposits color large molecules; too big to penetrate so they coat hair shaft Semipermanent color - ANSWER no lift nonoxidation so not mixed withperoxide; designed to last 4-6 shampoos/weeks gradually fades; pigment molecules are small enough to partially penetrate hair shafts into cuticle andstains only deposits; no lightening
demi-permanent - ANSWER also known as no-lift deposit color but is mixedwith a very low volume developer making it last longer/ some use alkalizing agents other than ammonia or hydrogen peroxide making them less alkaline/used for introducing color and blending greys/ works by penetrating cuticle and slightly into cortex/ can be used as a color filler in color correction Permanent hair color - ANSWER can both lighten and deposit pigment at thesame time in a single process/application; best for grey coverage; can be used to match color, or lighten color, cover greys; works by using precursor
