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Nursing 172 Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Answers, Exams of Community Corrections

Phoenix CollegeCommunity Corrections

This comprehensive study guide for nursing 172 exam 1 covers essential concepts related to patient safety, fluid balance, electrolytes, and medication administration. It includes multiple-choice questions with correct answers, providing a valuable resource for nursing students preparing for their exam. The guide addresses topics such as national patient safety goals, malpractice claims, iv solutions, electrolyte imbalances, and common medications used in nursing practice.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/10/2025

Nursebrahim01
Nursebrahim01 🇺🇸

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NURSING 172 EXAM 1 STUDY EXAMS
WITH ANSWERS
What are the 2024 national patient safety goals? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Identify pts correctly
Identify pt safety risk
Improve staff communication
Improve health care equity
Use medicines safely
Use alarms safely
Prevent infection
Prevent mistakes in surgery
What are the four elements of a malpractice claim? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Duty
Breach of duty
Injury
Causation (causal relationship, the breach of duty was the
cause of harm to the patient)
What are the 3 antiseptic solutions used for IV insertion? -
CORRECT ANSWER--Alcohol based Chlorhexidine solution
(the preferred antiseptic)
-Povidone iodine
-70% alcohol
How long does the chlorhexidine/alcohol solution have a
residual affect on the skin for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Up to 48
hours
How to easily remember isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic? -
CORRECT ANSWER-ISO- water stays "isolated" in vascular
system
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Download Nursing 172 Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Answers and more Exams Community Corrections in PDF only on Docsity!

NURSING 172 EXAM 1 STUDY EXAMS

WITH ANSWERS

What are the 2024 national patient safety goals? - CORRECT ANSWER-Identify pts correctly Identify pt safety risk Improve staff communication Improve health care equity Use medicines safely Use alarms safely Prevent infection Prevent mistakes in surgery What are the four elements of a malpractice claim? - CORRECT ANSWER-Duty Breach of duty Injury Causation (causal relationship, the breach of duty was the cause of harm to the patient) What are the 3 antiseptic solutions used for IV insertion? - CORRECT ANSWER--Alcohol based Chlorhexidine solution (the preferred antiseptic)

  • Povidone iodine
  • 70% alcohol How long does the chlorhexidine/alcohol solution have a residual affect on the skin for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Up to 48 hours How to easily remember isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic? - CORRECT ANSWER-ISO- water stays "isolated" in vascular system

HypO- water flows out of vascular system into cells HypEr- water Enters the vasculature from cells What are the 5 isotonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER- NS=normal saline=0.9 NaCl LR=lactated ringers D5W=dextrose 5% in water Albumin 5% D5 1/4 NS What is the danger of isotonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER--Circulatory overload because fluids stay where they are infused and do not cause fluid shifts into other areas

  • also dilutes concentration of hemoglobin and lowers hematocrit Physiological affect of hypotonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER--Cause fluid to move into cell causing them to swell and possibly burst
  • as fluid moves out of vascular space BP drops
  • used to hydrate cells What patients should not receive hypotonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patients with low BP, increased intracranial pressure, liver disease, trauma, burns What are the four hypotonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl) 1/3 NS (0.3% NaCl) 1/4 NS (0.225% NaCl) 2.5 DW Physiological affects of hypertonic solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER--Fluid moves from cell into ECF compartment,
  • causes cells to shrink
  • causes BP to increase

What is the earliest sign of hemorrhage? - CORRECT ANSWER-thirst What is central venous pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER- pressure in the right atrium What is jugular vein distention? - CORRECT ANSWER-bulging of the neck veins Where should edema be assessed? - CORRECT ANSWER- Over bony surface of tibia/sacrum 1 kg =? mL - CORRECT ANSWER-1000 mL 1 lb =? mL of fluid - CORRECT ANSWER-500 mL What is the range for sodium and what is its role? - CORRECT ANSWER- 135 - 145 Neurotransmission Body fluids (maintain water balance) Helps regulate acid base balance When a deficiency results from sodium loss, the body attempts to compensate by decreasing (blank)? - CORRECT ANSWER- Water excretion What can severe hyponatremia cause? - CORRECT ANSWER- seizures, coma, irreversible neurological damage because of brain swelling What does hypernatremia do to body? - CORRECT ANSWER- Causes fluid to shift from cells to interstitial spaces, which results in cellular dehydration Potassium range and use in body? - CORRECT ANSWER-3.5- 5

Influences both skeletal and cardiac muscle activity Where is 98% of potassium found? Where is the other 2% found? - CORRECT ANSWER- 98 - ICF 2 - ECF What route do you NEVER give potassium? - CORRECT ANSWER-IV Push Calcium range and use in body? - CORRECT ANSWER-8.5- 10

  • Plays important role in:
  • maintaining normal transmission of nerve impulses
  • formation of a clot Where is most calcium in the body found? - CORRECT ANSWER-bones and teeth What electrolyte does calcium have a reciprocal relationship with? - CORRECT ANSWER-Phosphate What is the most dangerous symptom related to hypocalcemia?
  • CORRECT ANSWER-Laryngeal spasm and tetany like contractions What can cause hypercalcemia? - CORRECT ANSWER- Malignancy hyperparathyroidism Excess intake Magnesium range and use in body? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.5-2.
  • Promotes regulation of serum calcium, phosphate, and potassium levels
  • essential for integrity of nerve tissue, skeletal muscle, and cardiac function

What are the 3 main reasons IV solutions are administered? - CORRECT ANSWER--Resuscitation

  • Replacement
  • Maintenance What is the purpose of resuscitation with IV fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER--Used for correction of hypocalcemia shock (hemorrhage, septic shock)
  • primary intervention is restoring circulatory volume What is the purpose of replacement with IV fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to replace less severe fluid volume deficits/losses What is the purpose of maintenance with IV fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Used for stable patients who can not orally drink fluids What do crystalloid solutions contain? - CORRECT ANSWER- Water, carbs (glucose), protein, vitamins, electrolytes 3 examples of crystalloid solutions - CORRECT ANSWER- Dextrose Saline LR Info about dextrose solutions - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides calories for energy Reduces breakdown of fats Irritating to the veins Can't be given with blood products (It is straight sugar) What is the solutions of choice for trauma (except burns)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium chloride

What is the only solution that can be used with any blood product? - CORRECT ANSWER-0.9% NaCl What fluid is used for burns and used frequently for surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lactated ringers What does lactated ringers contain? - CORRECT ANSWER- sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and lactate When should you not use lactated ringers? - CORRECT ANSWER-with patients who have elevated lactate levels or impaired lactate metabolism Also can't be used to correct electrolyte deficiency What is Ertapenem? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anti-infective (ATB) What is Augmentin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibiotic What is ciprofloxacin? What is adverse effect of it? - CORRECT ANSWER-antibiotic Can cause prolonged QT interval, which can put heart at an increased risk for cardiac dysrhythmias