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NURS 6201 Exam 1 2025/2026 Full Length
Questions with Answers Real Exam (Score A)-
Marquette University
Pain is? a complex, multidimensional experience that can cause suffering and decreased quality of life millions of people suffer from pain which has a staggering effect on? physical and psychosocial function and significant financial impact inadequate pain management occurs across care settings and patient populations. Untreated pain can result in? physical and psychosocial dysfunction, impaired recovery from acute illness and surgery, immunosuppression and sleep disturbances What are some reasons for untreated pain? or under management of pain?
- insufficient knowledge and skills to assess and manage pain
- unwillingness of providers to believe patients' reports of pain
- inadequate reassessments resulting in failure to readjust treatments
- inaccurate and inadequate information regarding addiction, tolerance, respiratory depression, and other side effects of opioids
- fear that aggressive pain management may hasten or cause death ___ is defined as whatever the person experiencing the pain says it is, existing whenever the person says it does. pain the emotional distress of untreated pain can cause suffering which is? the state of severe distress associated with events that threaten that intactness of the person nociception is the? the physiologic process by which information about tissue damage is communicated from the peripheral to the central nervous system
from the dorsal horn, nociceptive stimuli are communicated to the? third order neuron primarily in the thalamus peripheral sensitization refers to? increased susceptibility to nociceptor activation due to injury, inflammation and/or disease ___ occurs when pain is recognized, defined, and assigned meaning by the individual experiencing the pain. The brain is necessary for this type of pain. perception modulation involves the activation of descending neurochemical pathways that exert inhibitory or facilitatory effects on the transmission of pain dermatomes are? areas on the skin that are innervated primarily by a single spinal cord segment How is pain categorized?
often categorized as nociceptive or neuropathic based on underlying pathology or as acute or chronic ___ pain is caused by damage to somatic or visceral tissue, which activates peripheral nociceptors. It is further classified as somatic or visceral nociceptive ___ pain is characterized as deep, aching, sharp, or throbbing that is well localized and arises from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue somatic ___ pain is often poorly localized and described as deep aching, cramping, pressure, or referred and resulting from stimuli such as stretch, compression, or ischemia of the hollow or solid internal organs or organ coverings visceral ____ pain is caused by damage to peripheral nerves or CNS that results in the abnormal processing of stimuli. Patients typically describe this type of pain as a numbing, burning, shooting, stabbing, shock-like, or itchy sensation. neuropathic
describing the:
- onset
- duration
- characteristics
- pattern
- location
- intensity
- quality
- associated symptoms like anxiety and depression the patients beliefs, expectations, and goals for pain management are also assessed pain scales are useful tools to? help the patient communicate pain intensity. A variety of scales are available based on developmental needs and cognitive function ____ along with ___ are key to providing optimal pain management. ongoing documentation of findings along with reassessments breakthrough pain (BTP) is?
transient, moderate to severe pain that occurs in patients whose baseline persistent pain is otherwise mild to moderate and fairly well controlled pain medications are generally divided into three categories? nonopioids opioids adjuvant drugs mild pain often can be relieved using? nonopioids alone moderate to severe pain usually requires what kind of medication treatment? opioids neuropathic pain often requires what kind of medication treatment? adjuvant drug therapy alone or in combination with an opioid or another class of analgesics neuropathic pain treatment is typically augmented with adjuvant therapies including?
availability without a prescription meaning of an analgesic ceiling that increasing the dose beyond an upper limit provides no greater analgesia nonopijoid pain medications include? acetaminophen aspirin NSAIDs NSAIDs are associated with a number of side effects including? bleeding tendencies GI ulcers and bleeding renal and CNS dysfunction ___ are the strongest analgesics available. opioids
opioids produce their pain relieving effects by? binding to receptors in the CNS, inhibiting the transmission of nociceptive input from the periphery to the CNS common side effects of opioids include? constipation N/V sedation respiratory depression pruritus what are the two most common fears associated with opioids? sedation and respiratory depression sedation from opioids is usually seen in? opioid naive patients in the treatment of acute pain
___- analgesic medications are used alone or in conjunction with opioid and nonopioid analgesics. adjuvant analgesic medications what are types of adjuvant analgesic medications? antidepressants anti seizure drugs alpha-adrenergic agonists corticosteroids tricyclic antidepressants enhance the? descending inhibitory system and are effective for a variety of pain syndromes, especially neuropathic pain syndromes ___ drugs affect peripheral nerves and the CNS and are effective for neuropathic pain and preventative treatment of migraine headaches anti seizure
__ and __ are the most widely used alpha 2 adrenergic agonist and may be used for chronic headache and neuropathic pain clonidine(catapres) and tizanidine (zanaflex) __ including dexamethasone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone (medal) are used for management of acute and chronic cancer pain, pain resulting from spinal cord compression and inflammatory joint pain syndromes corticosteroids ___ is an NMDA receptor antagonist that is potentially useful for blocking mechanisms that lead to or sustain central sensitization ketamine (ketalar) appropriate analgesic scheduling focuses on? prevention or control of pain rather than the provision of analgesics only after the patient's pain has become severe analgesic titration is dose adjustment based on assessment of the adequacy of the analgesic effect versus the side effects produced
___ medication administration for opioids is useful when a patient cannot take medications orally rectal what is the best route of medication administration when immediate analgesics and rapid titration are necessary? IV admin intraspinal (epidural or intrathecal) administration analgesics are highly potent because? they are delivered close to the receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn __ medication administration delivers the drug through the skin to local tissue with reduced absorption into the blood stream and a low risk of systemic side effects. Examples are topical NSAIDs and aspirin creams. topical interventional nerve therapies include? regional anesthesia neuroblative interventions
neuroaugmentation regional anesthesia includes? nerve blocks and epidural or intrathecal infusions neuroblative interventions involve? cutting or destroying nerves and are performed for severe pain that is unresponsive to all other therapies Neuroaugmentation involves electrical stimulation of the brain and the spaniel cord non-drug therapies for pain include? physical or cognitive behavioral strategies physical methods to help with pain include? superficial and deep massage exercise
___ is a technique of traditional chinese medicine in which very thin needles are inserted into the body at designated points to reduce musculoskeletal pain, repetitive strain disorders, myofasical pain syndrome, post surgical pain, posttherpetic neuralgia, peripheral neuropathic pain, and HA acupunture thermal therapies of pain are? the application of moist or dry heat or cold to the skin ___ occurs with chronic exposure to a variety of drugs. It is characterized by the need for an increased opioid dose to maintain the same degree of analgesia. tolerance physical dependence is an? expected physiologic response to ongoing exposure to pharmacologic agents, manifested by a withdrawal syndrome that occurs when blood levels of the drug are abruptly decreased
___ is a complex neurobiologic condition characterized by loss of control, craving, and compulsive use of a drug that may be associated with aberrant behavior and harm arising from a drive to obtain and take substances for reasons other than the prescribed therapeutic value. addiction if you are providing opioid analgesia to a substance abusing patient does this worsen their addictive disease? no, there is no evidence the stress of unrelieved pain may contribute to relapse in the recovering patient or increased drug use in the patient who is actively using or abusing drugs pseudo addiction occurs when? patients exhibit behaviors commonly associated with addiction (frequent requests for analgesic refills and/or higher doses) but the behavior resolve with adequate pain treatment the use of placebos in clinical practice to assess or treat pain outside of the situation of informed consent in research studies is ethical. True or False. false it is unethical
