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NURS 6015 Exam 3 2025/2026 Latest Exam with Correct and Verified Answered Questions Actual Exam Guaranteed Pass A+ Graded- Marquette University
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autonomic nervous system (ANS) Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System it is involuntary-little conscious awareness ANS regulates the heart secretory glands smooth muscle the ANS regulates secretory glands examples are? salivary gastric sweat bronchial
the ANS regulates smooth muscles examples are bronchi blood vessels urogenital system GI tract parasympathetic nervous system Rest and digest or feed and breed conservation of energy, absorption of nutrients, building of essential proteins in the parasympathetic nervous system the main neurotransmitter is acetylcholine acetylcholine acts at cholinergic receptors (nicotinic n , nicotinic m, and muscarinic) causes parasympathetic response and sweating
epinephrine and norpeinperhine acts as adrenergic receptors (alpha 1, alpha2, beta1, beta2) causes sympathetic response epi stimulates all four receptor types norepinephrine does not stimulate beta 2 this explains why epi is given for anaphylaxis norepinephrine is degraded by the enzymes MAO & COMT norepinephrine can also be taken back up into the nerve terminal Alpha 1 receptors response when stimulated
hypertension can cause necrosis of tissues if infiltrated what are other side effects of dopamine GI side effects due to depressant side effects on the GI tract epinephrine stimulates all adrenergic receptors drug of choice for anaphylaxis when epi stimulates beta 2 receptors what occurs? can cause increased glucose levels phenylephrine stimulates __ receptors alpha 1 phenylephrine used in sinus medications-vasoconstricts and helps with nasal congestion can be used to dilated pupils for eye exam or to relieve pressure in glaucoma
what patients would you want to be cautious with when using phenylephrine cautious use in patients with hypertension and those on MAOI Isoproternol stimulates Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors isoproterenol not used often anymore because of its side effects CNS CARDIAC RESPIRATORY who do you want to be cautious with when using isoproterenol thyroid disease diabetes vasomotor problems degenerative heart disease ensure a beta blockers is readily available in case severe reactions occurs
Doxazosin blocks alpha 1 receptors vasodilators but don't see reflex tachycardia Doxazosin side effects from vasodilation headache, flushing, postural hypotension can also be used to treat BPH propranolol blocks both beta receptors propranolol can be used for arrhythmias, decreases workload of heart, hypertension propranolol is used in caution with patients who have? diabetes and asthma and those with a history of severe allergy can block effects of epi side effects of propranolol
CNS, CV, pulmonary effects decreased beta blocker effect if given with NSAIDs atenolol is selective to which receptor beta 1 atenolol is used for preferred for asthmatics most of the same side effects as propranolol nerves send messages by conducting electrical impulses called action potentials neurotransmitters stimulate postsynaptic cells either by exciting or by inhibiting them ___ which communicates between nerves and muscles it also importnat as the pregangiolonic neurotransmitter throughout the Ans and as the postganglionic neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system and several pathways in the brain
flow of positive electrical charges __ immediately follow depolarization with the sodium potassium pump in the cell membrane pumping sodium and potassium ions out of the cell, leaving the inside of the membrane relatively negative to the outside returning the resting membrane potential repolarization at the end of the axon, neurons communication with chemicals called neurotransmitters. which are produced by the nerve. neurotransmitters are related into the synapse when the nerve is stimulate they react with? a very specific receptor site to cause a reaction and are immediately broken down or removed from the synapse the neuron comprising a? cell body, dendrites and an axon is the functional unit of the nervous system. dendrites route information to the nerve and axons take that information away the nervous system controls the body analyzes external stimuli and integrates internal and external responses to stimuli the brain has three major divisions
the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord which are protected by bone and meninges to ensure blood flow to the brain if a vessel should become damaged the brain also has a protective blood supply moderated by the circle of willis the __ the most primitive area of the brain, contains the centers that control basic, vital functions. hindbrain consists of the pons and medulla the __ which helps to coordinate motor activity is found at the back of the hindbrain cerebellum the __ consists of cranial nerves and the RAS, which regulates arousal and awareness midbrain
a __ must be produced by a nerve each nerve can produce only one kind it must be released into the synapse when the nerve is stimulated it must react with a very specific receptor site to cause a reaction and it must be immediately broken down or removed from the synapse so that the cell can be ready to be stimulated again. neurotransmitter The cerebellum A. initiate voluntary muscle movement B. helps regulate the tone of skeletal muscles C. if destroyed would result in the loss of all voluntary skeletal activity D. contains the centers responsible for the regulation of body temperature helps regulate the tone of skeletal muscles At those regions of the nerve membrane where myelin is present there is? high resistance to electrical current the nerve synapse A. is not resistant to electrical current B. cannot become exhausted C. has a synaptic cleft D. transfers information at the speed of electricity has a synaptic cleft
which could result in the initiation of an action potential? depolarizing the membrane neurotransmitters are the chemicals used to stimulate or suppress effectors at the nerve synapse the limbic system is an area of the brain that is responsible for the expression of emotions the most primitive area of the brain, the brainstem, contains areas responsible for vomiting, swallowing, respiration, arousal, and sleep a clinical indication of poor blood supply to the brain, particularly to the higher levels where learning takes place would be loss of short term memory
beta receptors adrenergic receptors that are found in the heart, lungs, and vascular smooth muscle cholinergic receptors receptor sites on effectors that respond to acetylcholine monoamine oxidase enzyme that breakdown norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin to make them inactive __ is sometimes called the involuntary or visceral nervous system because it mostly functions with the person having little conscious awareness of its activity autonomic nervous system the ANS works to regulate blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, body temperature, water balance, urinary excretion, and digestive functions
in the SNS the neurotransmitter used by the pregangiolinic cells is __ the neurotransmitter used by the postganglionic cells is acetylcholine, norepinephrine the ANS works with the __ system to regulate internal functioning and maintain homeostasis endocrine the SNS is composed of CNS cells arising in the thoracic or lumbar area of the spinal cord the PNS is composed of CNS cells arising in the cranium and scrap region of the spinal cord __ is made by adrenergic nerves using tyrosine from the diet. it is packaged in storage vesicles that align on the axon membrane and is secreted into the synaptic cleft when the nerve is stimulated norepinephrine when norepinephrine is released it reacts with specific receptor sites and is then broken down by
