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NURS 6010 Exam 1 2025/2026 Questions with
Correct Answers A+ Graded (Original Exam)-
Marquette University
in a hospital, nursing care tradition dictates that ventilator be placed on the right side of the bed. This is most likely an example of which of the following phenomena? a. the prioritization of internal evidence of external evidence b. practice that lacks evidence to support its application c. the integration of personal expertise into nursing care d. evidence based practice b __ validity includes ways that people make sure that the intervention is what caused the change, not something else (difference in groups, units, environment) internal
external validity supports? the generalizability of a research study (power analysis, randomization, use of valid tools) A nurse scientist is conducting a randomized control trial to test whether acceptance control therapy is effective to support self management. To enhance the validity of the study, participants were matched in each group for certain characteristics that might influence the results. This is what type of validity? a. construct validity b. internal validity c. statistical conclusion validity d. external validity b statistical conclusion validity The extent to which we can be certain that the researcher has drawn accurate conclusions about the statistical significance of the research. if you conducted a power analysis and the sample size was accurate enough
A study related to nurse adherence to isolation PPE protocols began one month before the COVID 19 pandemic. What kind of threat to internal validity does this represent? a. attrition b. testing c. history d. maturation c why are systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs the highest level of evidence? rigorous search results and appraisal includes all RCTs that meet inclusion criteria reduce risk of bias uses a statistical approach to synthesize results across all studies
A clinical practice group on a unit identifies that their central line infection rate is higher than other hospital units with the same population. Which of the following were used to determine the best recommendations for change? a. traditional practices b. evidence from systematic review and/or meta-analysis of relevant RCTs c. systematic internet searches d. cohort studies without the use of control groups b What is randomization and why is it important? RCTs are prospective and predictive of cause and effect of treatment (support internal validity) randomization is the most important strategy to ensure the integrity of the experimental design compares treatment to control minimize bias
RCTs are difficult and expensive to conduct in a clinical setting usually start with a ___ to test if it will work in that setting/population. pilot study other reasons why they are difficult include: need dedicated researchers and funding to complete sometimes it is not logistical or ethical to withhold treatment from one group a clinical nurse specialist would like to implement a post-partum care bundle to reduce the need for opioids at discharge from one post-partum unit in a health system. The department of nursing research advised they conduct a pilot study prior to the commencement of a large, multisite quantitative research project to implement this across the health system. A pilot study is used primarily to inform which of the following parameters of a larger study? a. relevance b. feasibility c. ethics d. generalizability b
A unit nurse educator wrote proposal for a quasi-experimental study that tests the effect of simulation based mock code teaching on nursing student's psychomotor skills and outcomes of resuscitations. which of the following is a characteristic of quasi- experimental design? a. the design includes a posttest but does not apply a pretest b. participants are assigned to groups by a method other than random assignment c. the results of the study provide description but do not identify association d. the effects of an intervention are identified by examining characteristics of participants histories b d=case control study type ___ error is a false positive-could be the results of using a large sample size in which even an insignificant difference is statically significant. 1
b. the team could have concluded that the device was not effective when it was effective c. the nurse may have committed a type 1 error d. the construct validity of the study may be lacking b Since the sample size of the study was smaller than recommended, there was no significant difference in the outcomes of the treatment and control group. What type of validity was affected by this? a. construct validity b. internal validity c. external validity d. statistical conclusion validity d=inferences of the statistical analysis are correct theoretical framework describes a theory related to a process or system that guides the variables of a study
example: chronic care model which describes the elements needed to support improved outcomes for people with diabetes in a systematic review A nurse submitted a proposal for conducting a study looking at the use of specific exercise program to decrease the average blood sugar of people with type 2 diabetes. The proposal was rejected because no theoretical framework was included. Why should the nurse include a theoretical framework? a. identifies potential ethical issues b. limits the variable sin the study c. establishes the best study design d. assists in selecting the study's variables d EBP is searching for best evidence and changing practice in a systematic way that?
- gathers evidence from research and experts
- combines the expertise of the team, the type of patients and the resources available (adapted for that setting and workflow)
follows a group of subjects longitudinally over a period of time to describe the incidence of a problem or to determine the relationship between a predictor variable and an outcome an example of a cohort study finding out whether daughters of mothers who had breast cancer have a higher incidence of the disease vs those who mothers did not have breast cancer two groups of daughters (those with and without a mother breast cancer) would be studied over time to determine the incidence of breast cancer in each group a major strength (advantage) of prospective cohort studies include being able to determine the incidence of a problem and its possible cause a major limitation of cohort studies is the lengthy nature of this type of study the costs of which often become prohibitive True experiments or RCTs possesses three characteristics ■ An experimental group that receives the treatments or intervention ■ A control or comparison group that receives standard care or a comparison intervention that is different from the experimental interventions
■ Randomization or random assignment which is the use of a strategy to randomly assign subjects to the experimental or control group A nurse midwife is disturbed by the apparently high incidence of pregnancy among women who have recently given birth. As a result, the nurse has formulated an idea for a research study addressing effective postpartum birth control methods. What should the nurse do after formulating an idea for research? a. investigate funding options b. assemble a research team c. recruit participants d. search for systematic review on the subject d after identifying a clinical problem, the next step is to find the highest level of evidence to suggest an evidence-based intervention to implement as a solution The intensive care unit evidence-based practice (EBP) team consisting of critical care nurses, physicians, and respiratory therapists have noticed an increase in ventilator- associated pneumonia in trauma patients who are intubated and on ventilators. This is a surprising outcome for the EBP team.
In their brainstorming session, they discuss several options that members of the team have heard other agencies are doing and consider two interventions they feel will work in their organization: (1) starting a chlorhexidine mouthwash protocol and (2) probiotics for their mechanically ventilated patients. The EBP mentor acknowledges their frustration and desire for a quick fix, guides the group to understand that formulating a clinical question is a better choice to consider when the goal is to improve patient outcomes, and the team moves forward with the EBP process. Select the intervention clinical question: a) Why are ventilator-associated pneumonia rates so high in our trauma patients? b) Which is more effective in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, chlorhexidine, or probiotics? c) In trauma patients who are mechanically ventilated, how do chlorhexidine mouthwashes compared with probiotics affect ventilator- associated pneumonia development while on the ventilator? c what is the purpose of a PICOT question? once the PICOT question is formulated, the components of the question are the basis for keywords used to search databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE to find the evidence to answer the question
A nursing unit is interested in supporting patient engagement to improve patient outcomes. They read a quality improvement project that assesses engagement by looking at patient experience scores. What error is this an example of? A. Internal validity B. Construct validity C. External validity D. Statistical conclusion validity. b Patient engagement is not the same as patient experience. Those to concepts are related and may be correlated (when one improves so does the other), but positive experience scores do not reflect more engagement. A research team would like to conduct a study of patient outcomes using new online educational modules for supporting patients newly diagnosed with asthma. The team realizes that controlling for extraneous variables is important. Which of the following strategies will best accomplish controlling for extraneous variables? A. Experimental group participants pairing with like participants of the control group. B. Assigning participants to either the experimental or control groups randomly.
Type I and type II errors are why doing a power analysis is so important. A very small difference can be statistically significant when the sample size is very large; but may not be clinically relevant (Type I error). If a sample size is too small is may not be statistically significant but could be clinically significant (Type II error). Since randomized control trials are very expensive, most researchers work with statisticians to find just the right number of participants needed to support the causal relationship of the intervention. Randomization of the right number of participants is stronger than just a large sample. The nurses on a surgical unit want to create uniform guidelines for promoting early ambulation on the unit. Which of the following sources is most likely to provide the best evidence? A. Evidence from a study that is a regarded as a classic within the surgical nursing community. B. Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 RCT studies. C. Evidence from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that had 2,500 participants. D. The consensus opinion of the most senior nurses on the unit b A systematic review of RCTs with meta-analysis is stronger than a single RCT even with a large sample size.
___ enhances healthcare quality, improves patient outcomes, reduces costs, and empowers clinicians this is known as the quadruple aim in healthcare. evidence based practice The definition of EBP has broadened in scope and is referred to as a lifelong problem solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the following:
- a systematic search for and critical appraisal of the most relevant and best research (i.e. external evidence) to answer a burning clinical question
- one's own clinical expertise, including the use of internal evidence generated from outcomes management or evidence-based quality improvement projects, a thorough patient assessment, and evaluation and use of available resources necessary to achieve desired patient outcomes
- patient/family preferences and values the components of evidence based practice include external evidence from research, evidence based theories, opinion leaders and expert panels clinical expertise (internal evidence generated from outcomes management or quality improvement projects, a thorough patient assessment and evaluation and use of available resources patient preferences and values
