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NURS 563 Final EXAM ON A CUTE
CRITICAL CARE FOR ADULT
Gerontology. Nurse Practitioners In A
Practicum Format Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 2025
According to Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following represents the correct order of needs, progressing from the most basic, which must be met first, to the more advanced?
Physiological/survival, safety/security, belonging/affiliation, esteem, self-actualization
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding key characteristics of the developmental stage known as middle age?
Middle age is a time to evaluate one's life in order to perform a life review at this stage and assess if redirection is necessary.
Imagine that you are a health educator working in a senior center. Which of the following would describe recommendations you would include in a class that you teach on "successful aging?"
All of the other answers.
Which theory of aging focuses on developmental changes that occur in the thymus gland?
Immunological theory
Bob is a healthy 82 year old. Which of the following represent modifiable factors that may have contributed to Bob's good health? Select all that apply.
A.
A diet that includes many fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
B.
Swimming 5 days per week
D.
The fact that Bob's father and grandfather enjoyed good health in old age
You have noticed that your grandfather goes to the doctor a lot and that he always seems to be undergoing various medical tests. Based on your understanding of the typical patterns of disease in older adults, which of following would you most expect to observe in your grandfather?
A medication he has just been prescribed causing complications with his diabetes
Your next-door neighbor, Sarah, is 91 years old. Which of the following observations that you have made about Sarah are likely signs of lessened reserve capacity? Select all that apply.
C. When the temperature outside begins dropping in autumn, Sarah is prone to catching colds easily
D.
Even though her hearing is normal, it takes a long time for Sarah to understand what your are trying to say to her.
According to the "Aging in the US" article, what is the challenge that Public Health is facing given that people are living longer?
The challenge is to help people stay healthy and maintain a high quality of life at every age
A gerontologist is conducting a study on the physiological factors that may contribute to longevity in older adults. In which area of gerontology is this scientist most likely working?
Biological aging
According to the "Aging in the US" article, what would be an important next step for Public Health to embrace?
Develop competencies in healthy aging for schools of Public Health
Your uncle has a wartlike lesion on his face that has a "stuck-on" appearance. Its appearance looks similar to malignant melanoma. What might this condition be?
Seborrheic keratosis
The manager of the apartments where you live, Edith, is an older adult. You notice that her skin is especially rough, leathery, and wrinkled, with irregular pigmentation. In the summer during her off hours, she frequently lies out next to the pool. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect that Edith has?
Solar elastosis
An older woman you meet when walking your dog in the park mentions that she was just diagnosed as having osteoporosis. Which of the following most accurately describes what occurs in this condition?
Severe bone loss due to resorption
You are educating a group of older women at a Senior Center Lunch & Learn on how to maintain healthy skin. Which of the following items would NOT be a correct tip?
Full-body bathing is fine every day of the week as long as warm water is used
Which of the following is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle?
Tendon
Phil is a man in his mid-60s who operates the newsstand down the street from where you live. Recently you've noticed that Phil's eyelids sag and that his speech is harder for you to understand than it used to be. Which of the following age-related conditions should you most suspect in Phil?
C.
Myasthenia gravis
You are explaining the various functions of the skin to a friend. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.
A.
Formation of vitamin D in sunlight
C.
Barrier against harmful bacteria
D.
Temperature regulation
E.
Protection of underlying tissues and structures
Your friend is stretching before going on a run and you notice that she can stretch her quadriceps muscles to an impressive degree. Which characteristic of skeletal muscle is your friend demonstrating?
C.
Extensibility
Which of the following is NOT one of the important functions that skeletal muscle performs?
Contractility
Which of the following are age-related changes in the epidermis? Select all that apply.
A.
Decreased thickness
C.
Decreased moisture
E.
Decreased rate of cell turnover
At what age does bone mass typically peak?
35
While visiting your grandmother in an assisted living facility, you notice that she repeatedly sticks out her tongue, smacks her lips, grimaces, and rocks back and forth in her chair. She has been taking an antipsychotic medication for many years. Which condition is she displaying symptoms of?
D.
Tardive dyskinesia
While you are driving on the interstate, a tractor trailer suddenly moves into your lane and almost hits you. You have to slam on your brakes to avoid a wreck. Afterwards, your heart is racing and your muscles are tense. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for your reaction?
Sympathetic division
In terms of nutrition, what food groups/vitamins would you advise your patient/client to eat to help with prevention and progression of macular degeneration?
Vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc and green leafy vegetables
Your boss, Kevin, who is 42 years old, has recently begun holding books and documents at arms' length in order to read them. Which of the following age-related changes in the eye most likely causes this condition?
B.
Loss of elasticity of the lens
Which part of the brain is the major visceral control center and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in blood pressure, heart rate, ad pupil size?
Hypothalamus
Nerve endings in muscles, glands, and organs that act to produce change are which of the following?
Effectors
Your grandfather, who is 79 years old, has gradually begun having trouble hearing people when speak when they speak to him, especially women. Based on your knowledge of age-related changes in hearing, which of the following is most likely the underlying cause of this change?
Degeneration of the spiral organ of Corti
Your great-uncle, an older adult, seems to move very slowly when he is washing dishes after a family meal. When you talk to him he also seems slow to understand you. What age-related change below is NOT a likely factor that is affecting the transmission efficiency of his central nervous system.
There are changes in brain wave patterns that could be affecting transmission.
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is which of the following?
Neuron
Which of the following structures of the eye is the photosensitive tissue at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones, the sensory receptors of the eye?
Retina
You are a physical therapist who has just begun working with an older woman with a hearing impairment who is recovering from a hip fracture. Which of the following methods would NOT be an effective way to communicate with this client?
Speak very loudly to the client, shouting if necessary
There are several risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF). If your grandfather has been taking digoxin and using anti-inflammatory drugs, which type of risk factor for CHF would this be considered?
Iatrogenic factor
Myocardial infarctions (MI) are not properly diagnosed 25 - 68% of the time, especially in older adults who don't display typical symptoms of a heart attack. Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook as an atypical symptom in older adults experiencing an MI?
anxiety
Which of the following best describes what occurs in internal respiration?
The exchange of oxygen from the blood and carbon dioxide from the tissue
Which age-related disorder of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a hardening of the arteries due to the building up of plaque in the blood vessels?
Atherosclerosis
Which of the following events occur during inspiration (inhalation)? Select all that apply.
According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," aerobic exercise improved all of the following cognitive functions except for...
Working memory
Which of the following are symptoms that older adults with pneumonia commonly exhibit that are different from those exhibited by younger persons with pneumonia? Select all that apply.
B.
Weakness
C.
Lethargy
D.
Confusion
Which of the following are age-related changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.
A.
The vocal cords thin, producing a higher pitch in voice.
B.
Alveoli enlarge, decreasing surface area available for gas exchange.
D.
Lungs decrease in size and elasticity.
As Sarah's physician you have several goals in terms of her treatment plan for congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?
To cure Sarah's CHF
You are a physician's assistant who is preparing to teach a class on prevention of respiratory disease at a local senior center. Which of the following is NOT a key recommendation that you would include?
Use antibiotics as a precautionary measure
According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," which of the following statements is TRUE with regards to older adults with activity limitations?
Older adults with activity limitations may not be able to derive primary or secondary prevention benefits from exercise
You are working in an assisted living facility with a resident named Dennis, who has begun complaining of straining to urinate, difficulty starting the urinary stream, and longer time necessary to urinate. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect in Dennis?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which of the following are primary functions of the urinary system? Select all that apply.
A.
Excrete toxic substances and waste products of metabolism
B.
Help maintain acid-base balance in body fluids
D.
You are a nutritionist who is counseling a patient who has recently developed gastric ulcers. Which of the following recommendations would you give this patient? Select all that apply.
B.
Avoid coffee
C.
Reduce stress
E.
Avoid meat extracts
You are a nurse working in a nursing home and caring for an older patient named Isabel, who experiences frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system is most likely to contribute to Isabel's UTIs?
Loss of bladder tone and elasticity
With the aging process we see several functional changes in the kidneys. Which of the following is a result of the decline in glomerular filtration rate?
Less efficient removal of potentially toxic substances such as medications
Which of the following is considered the major digestive organ of the body, where the majority of absorption occurs and digestion is completed?
D.
Small intestine
What is the most common upper GI problem in adults?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Which of the following is NOT true regarding diverticulosis?
Pain usually presents in the left lower quadrant along with fever and abdominal tenderness.
You are a gerontologist teaching a group of residents at an assisted living center on lifestyle factors that contribute to digestive problems in older adults. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.
A.
Excessive straining when defecating
B.
Poor dietary choices
C.
Lack of exercise
You are explaining the process of mechanical digestion to your classmate. Which of the following should you give as examples of this process? Select all that apply.
A.
Rhythmic contractions and relaxation in segments of the small intestine
C.
Chewing movements in the mouth
D.
A resident of the nursing home in which you work seems to have trouble falling asleep at night. A disorder of which of the following glands or hormones secreted by the glands would best explain this condition?
Pineal gland
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, what is the definition of ageing processes?
Processes that increase the vulnerability of subjects to the factors that eventually lead to death
Age-related endocrine pathologies are classified by their glandular activity. Which of the following classifications is NOT correct?
Hyper-reponsiveness of various glands
As a social worker, one of your clients exhibits symptoms of fatty deposits around the face (moon face) and a trunk with thick arms and legs. As you talk with her, she confides in you that she has been experiencing sleep disturbances, weight gain, and water retention lately. Which condition would you most suspect in this client?
C.
Cushing's syndrome
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," what is the most common complication from shingles?
PHN
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the structure of the endocrine system?
The endocrine glands secrete hormones through tubes or ducts
What is the first line of defense against invading substances?
Innate immunity
Which structure of the immune system atrophies throughout life and is almost nonexistent in older adults?
B.
Thymus gland
As a physical therapist, you are working with an older client, Melba, who has recently begun experiencing symptoms of fatigue, depression, weight gain, and cold intolerance. You should most suspect a disorder of which endocrine gland in Melba?
D.
Thyroid gland
Your grandmother, Lois, who lives with you has recently begun to complain of being hungry and thirsty all the time. You notice that she goes to the bathroom a lot and that she has lost quite a bit of weight. Based on her symptoms, what endocrine system disorder would you most suspect in your grandmother?
Diabetes mellitus
