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A comprehensive overview of patient safety in healthcare, covering essential topics such as creating a safe environment, understanding basic human needs, and identifying physical hazards. It delves into factors influencing patient safety, including mobility, sensory status, and lifestyle choices, while also addressing specific risks for different age groups. The material also covers infection control, hygiene practices, and safety guidelines for nursing, making it a valuable resource for nursing students and healthcare professionals. It also includes key concepts like the chain of infection, defense mechanisms against infection, and the nursing process in relation to patient safety. Useful for exam preparation and understanding core concepts in nursing practice.
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Safe environment includes meeting
Serious Reportable Events
How to use fire extinguisher (PASS) P - Pull the pin A - Aim at base of fire S - Squeeze handle S - Sweep extinguisher from side to side. Personal hygiene influences A patient's comfort, safety, and well being. Epidermis Top layer of skin, shields underlying tissue Dermis Contains bundles of collagen, nerve fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles
Subcutaneous tissue Lies just beneath the skin; contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells Xerostomia Dry mouth Cheilitis Cracked lips Glossitis Inflamed tongue Halitosis Foul-smelling breath
Partial bed bath bathing only body parts that would cause discomfort if left unbathed Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) Decreases the frequency of HAI on skin, invasive lines, and catheters Patients with needs that involve oral hygiene help Diabetes, artificial airways, unconscious, chemotherapy Evaluation of hygeine Determine through patient's eyes
hand hygiene Aerobic bacteria Need oxygen Anaerobic Little to no oxygen Direct transmission Direct contact, droplet infection, contact with soil, inoculation into skin or mucosa, transplacental Indirect transmission vehicle borne, vector borne, airborne, fomite borne, unclean hands and fingers Incubation period
Time interval between entrance of pathogen and appearance of first symptoms Prodromal stage interval from onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms Illness stage interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection Convalescence interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear 4 stages of infection process
Natural defense mechanisms: Mouth Mechanical barrier of multilayered mucosa
Natural Defense mechanisms: GI Tract Acidity of secretion prevents retention of bacteria contents
Leukocytosis Increase in number of circulating WBCs Granulation tissue Tissue that fills in damage from chronic inflammation HAI Occur from
Exogenous HAIs From microorganisms outside the individual Endogenous HAIs When patient receives antibiotics that alter natural floras and lead to infection Factors influencing prevention and control
