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NUR205 Exam: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Review Questions, Exams of Nursing

Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU)Nursing

A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers covering various aspects of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in nursing. it's designed to help students prepare for exams by testing their understanding of key concepts such as osmosis, fluid shifts, electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, calcium), acid-base disorders (acidosis, alkalosis), and intravenous fluid therapy. The questions cover clinical scenarios and require application of knowledge to real-world situations, enhancing learning and retention.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/22/2025

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NUR205 EXAM 3 ACTUAL TEST 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS UPDATED
/LATEST VERSION
1. A pt has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of
the pts total water volume exists in with compartment?: Intracellular
2. The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of
lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration.
Which process is the nurse
describing?: osmosis
3. The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart
failure. Which type of pressure facilitated the formation of the patient's edema?:
Hydrostatic pressure
4. The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which
direction will the fluid shift?: From intracellular to extracellular
5. A nurse is preparing to start peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. In which order
will the
nurse perform the steps starting with the first one?
1. Clean site.
2. Select vein.
3. Apply tourniquet.
4. Release tourniquet.
5. Reapply tourniquet.
6. Advance and secure.
7. Insert vascular access device.: 3,2,4,1,5,7,6
6. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse ob- serve is
the most abundant in the blood?: Sodium
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Partial preview of the text

Download NUR205 Exam: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Review Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NUR205 EXAM 3 ACTUAL TEST 100% VERIFIED

ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS UPDATED

/LATEST VERSION

  1. A pt has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the pts total water volume exists in with compartment?: Intracellular
  2. The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the nurse describing?: osmosis
  3. The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure. Which type of pressure facilitated the formation of the patient's edema?: Hydrostatic pressure
  4. The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which direction will the fluid shift?: From intracellular to extracellular
  5. A nurse is preparing to start peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. In which order will the nurse perform the steps starting with the first one? 1. Clean site. 2. Select vein. 3. Apply tourniquet. 4. Release tourniquet. 5. Reapply tourniquet. 6. Advance and secure. 7. Insert vascular access device.: 3,2,4,1,5,7,
  6. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse ob- serve is the most abundant in the blood?: Sodium
  1. The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern? a. Sodium of 145 mEq/L b. Calcium of 15.5 mg/dL c. Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L d. Chloride of 100 mEq/L: Calcium
  2. The nurse observes that the patient's calcium is elevated. When checking the phosphate level, what does the nurse expect to see?: Decreased level
  3. Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the same time. Which patient will the nurse see first? a. An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3 days b. A teenager with a sprained ankle and excessive edema c. A middle-aged adult with abdominal pain who is moaning and holding her stomach d. An older adult with nausea and vomiting for 3 days with blood pressure 112/60: Infant
  4. The patient has an intravenous (IV) line and the nurse needs to remove the gown. In which order will the nurse perform the steps, starting with the first one? 1. Remove the sleeve of the gown from the arm without the IV. 2. Remove the sleeve of the gown from the arm with the IV. 3. Remove the IV solution container from its stand. 4. Pass the IV bag and tubing through the sleeve.: 1,2,3,
  5. A 2-year-old child is brought into the emergency department after ingest- ing a medication that causes respiratory depression. For which acid-base imbalance will the nurse most closely monitor this child?: Respiratory acidosis

a. Recording intake and output b. Regulating intravenous flow rate c. Starting peripheral intravenous therapy d. Changing a peripheral intravenous dressing: I&O'S

  1. The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis? a. pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg, HCO3 19 mEq/L b. pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3 35 mEq/L c. pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mEq/L d. pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3 25 mEq/L: A
  2. The nurse is assessing a patient and finds crackles in the lung bases and neck vein distention. Which action will the nurse take first? a. Offer calcium-rich foods. b. Administer diuretic. c. Raise head of bed d. increase fluids: HOB
  3. A chemotherapy patient has gained 5 pounds in 2 days. Which assessment question by the nurse is most appropriate? a. "Are you following any weight loss program?" b. "How many calories a day do you consume?" c. "Do you have dry mouth or feel thirsty?" d. "How many times a day do you urinate?: Asses for output
  4. The health care provider has ordered a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to be administered. Which IV bag will the nurse prepare? a. 0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS) b. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) c. Lactated Ringer's (LR)

d. Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer's (D5LR): .45%

  1. The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients? a. Assess the patients for edema in extremities. b. Ask the patients to record their intake and output. c. Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast. d. Measure the patients' blood pressures every 4 hours.: daily weights
  2. A nurse is caring for a cancer patient who presents with anorexia, blood pressure 100/60, and elevated white blood cell count. Which primary purpose for starting total parenteral nutrition (TPN) will the nurse add to the care plan? a. Stimulate the patient's appetite to eat. b. Deliver antibiotics to fight off infection. c. Replace fluid, electrolytes, and nutrients. d. Provide medication to raise blood pressure.: fluids, electrolytes and nutrients
  3. A patient presents to the emergency department with reports of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The health care provider orders isotonic intravenous (IV) therapy. Which IV will the nurse prepare? a. 0.225% sodium chloride (1/4 NS) b. 0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS) c. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) d. 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl: 0.

mL/hr. The nurse is using microdrip gravity drip tubing. Which rate will the nurse calculate for the minute flow rate (drops/min)?: 125 drops per min

  1. A nurse begins infusing a 250-mL bag of IV fluid at 1845 on Monday and programs the pump to infuse at 50 mL/hr. At what time should the infusion be completed?- : 2345 Monday
  2. A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a bowel obstruction and has orders to ensure that the volume of intake matches the output. In the past 4 hours, the patient received dextrose 5% with 0.9% sodium chloride through a 22-gauge catheter infusing at 150 mL/hr and has eaten 200 mL of ice chips. The patient also has an NG suction tube set to low continuous suction that had 300-mL output. The patient has voided 400 mL of urine. After reporting these values to the health care provider, which order does the nurse antici- pate? a. Add a potassium supplement to replace loss from output. b. Decrease the rate of intravenous fluids to 100 mL/hr. c. Administer a diuretic to prevent fluid volume excess. d. Discontinue the nasogastric suctioning.: potassium
  3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. When the nurse is flushing the patient's peripheral IV, the patient reports pain. Upon assessment, the nurse notices a red streak that is warm to the touch. What is the nurse's initial action? a. Record a phlebitis grade of 4.

b. Assign an infiltration grade. c. Apply moist compress. d. Discontinue the IV.: d/c IV

  1. A nurse is assisting the health care provider in inserting a central line. Which action indicates the nurse is following the recommended bundle protocol to reduce central line- associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)? a. Preps skin with povidone-iodine solution b. Suggests the femoral vein for insertion site. c. Applies double gloving without hand hygiene. d. Uses chlorhexidine skin antisepsis prior to insertion: chlorhexidine
  2. The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient will the nurse see first? a. A patient with D5W hanging with the blood b. A patient with type A blood receiving type O blood c. A patient with intravenous potassium chloride that is diluted d. A patient with a right mastectomy and an intravenous site in the left arm: d5 w/ blood
  3. A nurse is administering a blood transfusion. Which assessment finding will the nurse report immediately? a. Blood pressure 110/ b. Temperature 101.3° F c. Poor skin turgor and pallor d. Heart rate of 100 beats/min: elevated temperature
  4. A nurse has just received a bag of packed red blood cells (RBCs) for a patient. What is the longest time the nurse can let the blood infuse?
  1. The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperkalemia. Which body system assessment is the priority? a. Gastrointestinal b. Neurological c. Respiratory d. Cardiac: Cardio
  2. Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 4.5 mEq/L, calcium 4.5 mg/dL? a. Weak quadriceps muscles b. Decreased deep tendon reflexes c. Light-headedness when standing up d. Tingling of extremities with possible tetany: tingling and tetany
  3. While the nurse is taking a patient history, the nurse discovers the patient has a type of diabetes that results from a head injury and does not require insulin. Which dietary change should the nurse share with the patient? a. Reduce the quantity of carbohydrates ingested to lower blood sugar. b. Include a serving of dairy in each meal to elevate calcium levels. c. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to stay hydrated. d. Avoid food high in acid to avoid metabolic acidosis: hydration
  4. A nurse is selecting a site to insert an intravenous (IV) catheter on an adult. Which actions will the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) a. Check for contraindications to the extremity. b. Start proximally and move distally on the arm.

c. Choose a vein with minimal curvature. d. Choose the patient's dominant arm. e. Select a vein that is rigid. f. Avoid areas of flexion: check for contraindications choose vein with minimal curvature avoid flexion

  1. Which assessments will alert the nurse that a patient's IV has infiltrated? (Select all that apply.) a. Edema of the extremity near the insertion site b. Reddish streak proximal to the insertion site c. Skin discolored or pale in appearance d. Pain and warmth at the insertion site e. Palpable venous cord f. Skin cool to the touch: edema discolored skin cool skin
  2. A nurse is discontinuing a patient's peripheral IV access. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) a. Wear sterile gloves and a mask. b. Stop the infusion before removing the IV catheter. c. Use scissors to remove the IV site dressing and tape. d. Apply firm pressure with sterile gauze during removal. e. Keep the catheter parallel to the skin while removing it. f. Apply pressure to the site for 2 to 3 minutes after removal: stop infusion keep catheter parallel apply pressure

successful? a. Amino acids b. Triglycerides c. Dispensable amino acids d. Indispensable amino acid: indespensable amino acid

  1. A nurse is caring for a patient with a postsurgical wound. When planning care, which goal will be the priority? a. Reduce dependent nitrogen balance. b. Maintain negative nitrogen balance. c. Promote positive nitrogen balance. d. Facilitate neutral nitrogen balance: promote positive nitrogen balance
  2. In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, which information is important for the nurse to share? a. Polyunsaturated fats should be less than 7% of the total calories. b. Trans fat should be less than 7% of the total calories. c. Unsaturated fats are found mostly in animal sources. d. Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources: animal fats
  3. A patient has a decreased gag reflex, left-sided weakness, and drooling. Which action will the nurse take when feeding this patient? a. Position in semi-Fowler's. b. Flex head with chin tuck. c. Place food on left side. d. Offer fruit juice.: have pt flex the head with chin tuck
  1. The patient has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and placed on a low- fat diet. The patient asks the nurse, "How much fat should I have? I guess the less fat, the better." Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session? a. Cholesterol intake needs to be less than 300 mg/day. b. Fats have no significance in health and the incidence of disease. c. All fats come from external sources so this can be easily controlled. d. Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 10% of daily nutrition: below 10%
  2. The nurse is describing the ChooseMyPlate program to a patient. Which statement from the patient indicates successful learning? a. "I can use this to make healthy lifestyle food choices." b. "I can use this to count specific calories of food." c. "I can use this for my baby girl." d. "I can use this when I am sick.": use to make healthy food choices
  3. The nurse is teaching a health class about the ChooseMyPlate program. Which guidelines will the nurse include in the teaching session? a. Balancing sodium and potassium b. Decreasing water consumption c. Increasing portion size d. Balancing calories: balancing calories
  4. The nurse is providing nutrition education to a Korean patient using the five food groups. In doing so, what should be the focus of the teaching? a. Discouraging the patient's ethnic food choices b. Changing the patient's diet to a more conventional American diet

c. Decreasing protein intake to 0.75 g/kg/day d. Limiting water before and after exercise: carbohydrates 55% to 60%

  1. In providing prenatal care to a pregnant patient, what does the nurse teach the expectant mother? a. Calcium intake is especially important in the first trimester. b. Protein intake needs to decrease to preserve kidney function. c. Folic acid is needed to help prevent birth defects and anemia. d. Extra vitamins and minerals should be taken as much as possible: folic acid is needed to help prevent birth defects
  2. The patient is an 80-year-old male who is visiting the clinic today for a routine physical examination. The patient's skin turgor is fair, but the patient reports fatigue and weakness. The skin is warm and dry, pulse rate is 116 beats/min, and urinary sodium level is slightly elevated. Which instruction should the nurse provide? a. Drink more water to prevent further dehydration. b. Drink more calorie-dense fluids to increase caloric intake. c. Drink more milk and dairy products to decrease the risk of osteoporosis. d. Drink more grapefruit juice to enhance vitamin C intake and medication absorption.: fluids to prevent dehydration
  3. The nurse is assessing a patient for nutritional status. Which action will the nurse take? a. Forego the assessment in the presence of chronic disease. b. Use the Mini Nutritional Assessment for pediatric patients. c. Choose a single objective tool that fits the patient's condition. d. Combine multiple objective measures with subjective measures: combine multiple obj and subj measures
  1. The patient has a calculated body mass index (BMI) of 34. How will the nurse classify this finding? a. Normal weight b. Underweight c. Overweight d. Obese: Obese
  2. A nurse is caring for patients with dysphagia. Which patient has neuro- genic dysphagia? a. A patient with benign peptic stricture b. A patient with muscular dystrophy c. A patient with myasthenia gravis d. A patient with stroke: stroke pt
  3. The patient has H. pylori. Which action should the nurse take? a. Encourage avoidance of wheat and oats. b. Encourage milkshakes as a nutritious snack. c. Encourage completion of antibiotic therapy. d. Encourage nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: atb's
  4. In determining malnourishment in a patient, which assessment finding is consistent with this disorder? a. Moist lips b. Pink conjunctivae c. Spoon-shaped nails d. not easily plucked hair: spoon shaped nails
  5. A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding. In which order will the nurse implement the steps, starting with the first one?

tube? a. From the tip of the nose to the earlobe b. From the tip of the earlobe to the xiphoid process c. From the tip of the earlobe to the nose to the xiphoid process d. From the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid proces: nose to ear to xiphoid

  1. Before giving the patient an intermittent gastric tube feeding, what should the nurse do? a. Make sure that the tube is secured to the gown with a safety pin. b. Inject air into the stomach via the tube and auscultate. c. Have the tube feeding at room temperature. d. Check to make sure pH is at least 5: room temp
  2. A small-bore feeding tube is placed. Which technique will the nurse use to best verify tube placement? a. X-ray b. pH testing c. Auscultation d. Aspiration of contents: xray
  3. The nurse is concerned about pulmonary aspiration when providing the patient with an intermittent tube feeding. Which action is the priority? a. Observe the color of gastric contents. b. Verify tube placement before feeding. c. Add blue food coloring to the enteral formula. d. Run the formula over 12 hours to decrease overload: verify placement
  4. The patient is to receive multiple medications via the nasogastric tube. The nurse is concerned that the tube may become clogged. Which action is best for the nurse to take?

a. Instill nonliquid medications without diluting. b. Irrigate the tube with 60 mL of water after all medications are given. c. Mix all medications together to decrease the number of administrations. d. Check with the pharmacy for availability of the liquid forms of medications- : check with pharmacy

  1. The patient has just started on enteral feedings, and the patient is reporting abdominal cramping. Which action will the nurse take next? a. Slow the rate of tube feeding. b. Instill cold formula to "numb" the stomach. c. Change the tube feeding to a high-fat formula. d. Consult with the health care provider about prokinetic medicatio: slow the rate
  2. The patient has just been started on an enteral feeding and has developed diarrhea after being on the feeding for 2 hours. What does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of the diarrhea? a. Antibiotic therapy b. Clostridium difficile c. Formula intolerance d. Bacterial contamination: intolerance
  3. A patient develops a foodborne disease from Escherichia coli. When taking a health history, which food item will the nurse most likely find the patient ingested? a. Improperly home-canned food b. Undercooked ground beef c. Soft cheese d. Custard: undercooked beef