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NUR 631 Final Exam Actual Exam 2025 (Grand
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What defects would be associated with damage to cranial nerve 7? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lopsided smile, droopy eye; facial asymmetry If there is a defect in the arachnoid villi, what sort of finding would be expected? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------There would be too little fluid in the CSF What type of seizure causes a 'dream like state'? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Complex focal seizure What type of cerebral edema is seen with increased capillary permeability in the brain? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Vasogenic cerebral edema
Stroke assessment; if we put a pen in a patients hand and they can feel it but can't tell you what it is. What is that called? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tactile agnosia What type of patient would need more pain meds than most coming out of surgery? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Crush injury patients How are pain signals transmitted from area of injury to the brain? ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A-delta fibers, through an afferent pathway Where do pain transmitting neurons live in the spinal cord? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) What endogenous opioids are in the human body? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Endorphins
atrium and ventricle; the help to keep the valves closed to prevent blood from backflowing Why do we have to worry about electrical burns in children? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Because an electrical burn will result in muscle damage, which will release myoglobin. The kidneys of children are immature and unable to filter myoglobin. An increase in exercise can lead to a decrease in what type of cancer? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Colon cancer What exposure has a known carcinogenic relationship with children? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------EBV; epstein bar virus What exposures (in childhood) can increase the risk of cancer? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------EBV; ionizing radiation; chemotherapy Where do granulocytes live? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Basophils
What is a person with aplastic anemia deficient of? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Erythrocytes; leukocytes; thrombocytes Why is hemophilia A only seen in men? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------Because it is X-linked recessive What type of anemia results with a B12 deficiency? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pernicious anemia Why will neuopathys develop with lack of B12? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A lack of B12 leads to myelin sheath degradation What genetic material translocates in CML? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------Genes 9 and 12 will abnormally fuse and create a protein called BCR-ABL 1
Middle aged female c/o of no period, has hirsutism, and has osteoporosis. What test should be done? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Brain CT to r/o pituitary adenoma What leads to diuresis in a diabetic patient? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Because the blood glucose is elevated and spills into the urine. Why are there microvascular injuries in diabetic patients? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Due to thickening of basement membranes and hyperplasia Why do diabetic patients need frequent eye exams? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Due to retinal artery exams, can be cause by decreased perfusion and ischemia Signs and symptoms of hypothyroid? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------Dry skin, weight gain (decreased metabolism), hair loss, constipation, bradycardia, lethargy
What is a cause of geriatric patients losing weight? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Not eating; sense of taste decreased; co- morbidities; social isolation What houses all of our genetic material? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------The nucleus What is it programmed cell death? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---Apoptosis What happens with impaired metabolism of the cell? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Accumulation of waste products Interpret this ABG: pH7.22/PcO2 60/Hco3 26 ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Respiratory acidosis
What happens when there isn't enough collectin like proteins in the newborn? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Increased risk of respiratory infection What type of immunity results from a vaccination or from having the disease? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Active acquired immunity Where do B lymphocytes mature? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --B lymphocytes mature to B cells in the bone marrow What is type II hypersensitivity? What happens to the cell surface? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Allergic reaction; histamine response. The anitbodies attack the antigens on the cell surface Reasons to give Rhogam ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Prevent hemolytic anemia of the newborn in an Rh negative mom, and an Rh positive fetus
What happens at a cellular level that can cause rejection in a transplant patient? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TH1 cells will release cytokines (inflammation), cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages. They will start to attack the epithelial cells of the transplanted tissue When are exotoxins released? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- During bacterial growth What cells control fungal infections? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----T lymphocytes and phagocytes What hormone is affected during times of stress? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cortisol What does cortisol do to blood glucose? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------Blood glucose can decrease when cortisol is increased In MODS, what hormone stimulates normal endothelial cells to change to a pro-inflammatory state? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Interluekins; TNF (tumor necrosis factor); IL
How to differentiate between an upper and lower motor neuron? ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lower motor neuron injury has permanent paralysis while upper motor neuron injury has partial recovery What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tentorium cerebelli What part of the brain allows us to focus our attention? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pre frontal lobe What is a normal PR interval? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 0.20 seconds Phase zero; if the patient has a major malfunction of phase zero of the cardiac cycle, what electrolyte abnormality would we expect to find? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hyponatremia
What is Reynaud's disease ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Vasospastic disorder of the small arterioles of the hand and less commonly the toes What labs should be done when MI is suspected? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Troponin (and recheck in a few hours, because it can take a few hours to be affected), CK-MB, BNP, EKG
