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NU6 50 Exam 1 With
Correct Answers
best environment conditions - ANSWER well-lit, moderately warm, minimal background noise, comfortable, private, face at eye level, speak in low tones, do not sit between patient and bright light or window
build rapport - ANSWER introduce yourself first and last name, explain your role, shake hand, ask preferred name and pronouns, avoid first names without permission, apologize if you make a mistake
rapport with newborns - ANSWER congratulate, encourage feeding beforehand, calm voice, encourage holding
rapport with young children - ANSWER utilize play, introduce yourself to the patient first, brush up on kid culture
rapport with adolescents - ANSWER direct questions to the patient, ensure family feels heard, acknowledge confidentiality
rapport with older adults - ANSWER allow ample time, make a clear walking
path, environmental considerations, include family when indicated
cultural humility - ANSWER continually engaging in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learner and reflective practitioner to mitigate bias, promote empathy, and aid in acknowledging and respecting different cultural identities
three dimensions of cultural humility - ANSWER self-awareness, respectful communication, collaborative partnership
self-awareness - ANSWER explore your own cultural identity, learn about your own biases and values
respectful communication - ANSWER work to eliminate assumptions about what is normal and learn from your patients, they are the experts on their own culture, remain respectful and open
collaborative partnership - ANSWER build your patient relationship and respect mutually acceptable plans
types of cognitive errors - ANSWER anchoring bias, availability heuristic, confirmation bias, diagnostic momentum, framing effect, representation error, visceral bias
pain - ANSWER unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage
acute pain - ANSWER normal physiological response to an adverse chemical, thermal, or mechanical stimulus that lasts less than 3-6 months, often caused by trauma, illness, or surgery
chronic pain - ANSWER more than 3-6 months or more than 1 month beyond the course of acute illness or injury or recurring at intervals of months or years
common pain scales - ANSWER Wong-Baker faces, numeric rating scale, visual analog scale
subjective - ANSWER SYMPTOMS
objective - ANSWER signs
order of health history - ANSWER initial information, chief complaint, HPI, past medical history/health maintenance/allergies/medications, family history, social history, review of systems
initial information - ANSWER patient identifying information, reliability
chief complaint - ANSWER main problem or concern
HPI - ANSWER More details regarding main concern, including chronological history of the development of the symptoms, patient thoughts and feelings, relevant info from ROS
social history - ANSWER alcohol use, drug use, tobacco use, sexual history, education, family origin, current household, personal interests, lifestyle
review of systems - ANSWER present and absent symptoms of each body system
ROS order - ANSWER general, skin, HEENT, neck, breasts, GI, peripheral vascular, genital, urinary, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, neurologic, hematologic, endocrine
implicit bias - ANSWER set of unconscious beliefs that lead to a negative evaluation of a person based on their perceived group identity, contributing to healthcare disparities, institutional bias, and negative patient encounter
economic stability - ANSWER housing, employment, poverty, food insecurity
social and community context - ANSWER civic participation, discrimnation, incarceration, social cohesion
neighborhood and built environment - ANSWER access to healthy food, crime and violence, environment, housing
core values of medical ethics - ANSWER nomalefience, beneficence, respect for autonomy, decisional capacity, confidentiality, informed consent, truth telling, justice
decisional capacity - ANSWER ability to make a decision that a clinician should respect
informed consent - ANSWER principle that clinicians must elicit patient voluntary and informed permission to test or treat them. the responsibility to inform the patient of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options
stigmatizing language - ANSWER language that may be perceived as dehumanizing, perpetuate stigma, and marginalizes rather than supports the patient
non-stigmatizing language - ANSWER "people first"
inspection - ANSWER close observation of the patient's appearance, behavior, mood, body habitus and conditioning
palpation - ANSWER tactile pressure from the palmar fingers or finger pads to assess
percussion - ANSWER use of striking or plexor finger to deliver a tap to the distal pleximeter finger, to evoke a sound wave
auscultation - ANSWER use of the diaphragm and bell of the stethoscope to detect characteristics of sounds, such as location, timing, duration, pitch, and intensity
width of inflatable bladder cuff - ANSWER 40% of upper arm circumference (12-14 cm)
length of inflatable bladder - ANSWER 80% of upper arm circumference
