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NSG3107- Cardio dysfunction QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

Research College of NursingNursing

NSG3107- Cardio dysfunction QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/09/2025

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1 |\/ |\
65
NSG3107: |\Cardio |\dysfunction |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\ANSWERS
1. Pulmonary |\atresia: |\narrowing |\of |\malformation |\of |\pulonary |\valve
2. Tricuspid |\atresia:: |\narrowing |\or |\malformation |\of |\triscupid |\valve
3. Acyanotic |\heart |\defects |\cause |\what |\type |\of |\directinonal |\shunt: |\left |\to |\
right |\shunt
4. Cyanotic |\heart |\defects |\cause |\what |\type |\of |\directional |\shunt: |\right |\to |\left |\shunt
5. Aortic |\stenosis: |\narrowing |\of |\the |\aorta
6. coartation |\of |\the |\aorta: |\narrowing |\of |\the |\aorta
7. pulmonic |\stenosis: |\narroing |\of |\the |\entrance |\of |\pulmonary |\artery
8. triscupid |\stensosi: |\failure |\of |\the |\triscupid |\valve |\to |\develop
9. mitral |\stenosis: |\failure |\of |\the |\mitral |\valve |\to |\develop
10. state |\the |\two |\types |\of |\cardiac |\disorders? |\explain |\how |\they |\come |\about: |\1. |\
congenitlal |\heart |\disease; |\baby |\born |\with |\it
2.acquired |\heart |\disorder; |\disease |\process |\or |\abnormlaties |\ that |\occur |\after |\
birth
11. state |\4 |\causes |\of |\acquired |\heart |\disorder: |\1. |\infection
2.autoimmune |\response
3.enviormental |\factors
4.familial |\tendices
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1 |/ |\

NSG3107: |\Cardio |\dysfunction |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\ANSWERS

  1. *Pulmonary |\atresia: |* narrowing |\of |\malformation |\of |\pulonary |\valve
  2. *Tricuspid |\atresia:: |* narrowing |\or |\malformation |\of |\triscupid |\valve
  3. *Acyanotic |\heart |\defects |\cause |\what |\type |\of |\directinonal |\shunt: |* left |\to |
    right |\shunt
  4. *Cyanotic |\heart |\defects |\cause |\what |\type |\of |\directional |\shunt: |* right |\to |\left |\shunt
  5. *Aortic |\stenosis: |* narrowing |\of |\the |\aorta
  6. *coartation |\of |\the |\aorta: |* narrowing |\of |\the |\aorta
  7. *pulmonic |\stenosis: |* narroing |\of |\the |\entrance |\of |\pulmonary |\artery
  8. *triscupid |\stensosi: |* failure |\of |\the |\triscupid |\valve |\to |\develop
  9. *mitral |\stenosis: |* failure |\of |\the |\mitral |\valve |\to |\develop
  10. *state |\the |\two |\types |\of |\cardiac |\disorders? |\explain |\how |\they |\come |\about: |* 1. |
    congenitlal |\heart |\disease; |\baby |\born |\with |\it 2.acquired |\heart |\disorder; |\disease |\process |\or |\abnormlaties |\that |\occur |\after |
    birth
  11. *state |\ 4 |\causes |\of |\acquired |\heart |\disorder: |* 1. |\infection 2.autoimmune |\response 3.enviormental |\factors 4.familial |\tendices

2 |/ |\

  1. *t |\or |\f. |\mothres |\with |\diabetes |\or |\lupus |\are |\more |\likely |\to |\have |\an |\infant |\with |
    heart |\disease. |\this |\shows |\the |\importance |\of |\what: |*     t. |\take |\detail |\health |
    history, |\pregancy |\and |\birth |\history |\from |\mom
  2. *what |\is |\the |\first |\step |\of |\seeing |\a |\patient |\who |\is |\suspected |\to |\have |\cardio- |
    vascular |\dysfunction>: |*     take |\accurate |\health |\history
  3. *if |\parent |\is |\concerna |\about |\poor |\infant |\feeding |\or |\fast |\breathing, |\ 7 |\year |\old |
    who|\no|\longer|\keeps|\up|\with|\his|\friends|\at|\soccer,|\baby|\is|\fussy|\and|\pale|\most |\of |\the |\sign, |\these |\are |\indiciations |\of |\what?: |*     cardiosvascular |\dysfunction
  4. *rubella |\vaccine |\during |\pregancy, |\low |\birth |\weight |\babies |\IGR |\and |\more |
    likely |\to |\have |\ but |\high |\birth |\weight |\babies |\are |\more |\likely |\to |
    have |\ : |*     congeitnal |\anaomlies, |\heart |\disease
  5. *t |\or |\f. |\incidnce |\of |\congentila |\cardiac |\defect |\is |\increased |\if |\either |\parent |\or |
    sibling |\has |\a |\heart |\defect.: |*     t
  6. *is |\VSD |\often |\inheritied?: |* yes |\so |\you |\must |\take |\a |\good |\history |
    assement |\for |\parents |\and |\siblings
  7. *the |\physcial |\assemsent |\of |\suspect |\cardiac |\diseases |\begins |\with |\what? |
    state |\the |\ 6 |\others |\critical |\assesments: |*     genearl |\apperace |\and |\proceeds |\with |
    more |\specific |\observations |\which |\are |\nutritional |\status |(failure |\to |\thrive/poor |\weight |\gain), |\clubbing |(cynaosis), |\respirtaroy |\excursions |(ease |
    or |\diffculity |\of |\resp |\such |\as |\tachypnea, |\dysnpea |\or |\expirtatory |\grunt), |
    unusual |\pulsations |(visble |\pulses |\in |\neck |\veins), |\chest |\deformites |(enlarged |
    hearts |\can |\disort |\chest |\configuration) |\and |\colour |(cyanosis |\is |\most |\common

4 |/ |\

  1. *the |\physical |\assessment |\of |\suspect |\cardiac |\diseases |\palpations |\involves |
    what? |\3: |*     1. |\chest; |\heart |\size |\and |\other |\characterisitcs |\like |\thrills 2.abdomen; |\hepatomegaly |\or |\splenomegaly 3.peripheral |\pulses; |\rate, |\regualitry |\and |\ampitude
  2. *the |\physical |\assessment |\of |\suspect |\cardiac |\diseases |\ausculation |\involves |
    what? |\2: |*     1. |\heart |\rhythm |\and |\rate; |\listen |\for |\fast |\heart |\rates, |\slow |\heart |
    rates |\or |\irregular |\rhythms 2.character |\of |\heart |\sounds; |\listen |\for |\distinct |\or |\muffled |\sounds, |\murmurs |
    and |\additonal |\heart |\sounds
  3. *state |\the |\ 4 |\diagnositic |\tools |\for |\evaluating |\caridovascular |\dysunfction: |* 1. |
    ECG 2.Echocardiogram 3.Cardiac |\catheterization 4.xray
  4. *whats |\improtant |\to |\note |\about |\ECG? |\how |\often |\do |\you |\change |\the |\elec- |
    trodes: |*     every |\1-2 |\days |\and |\it |\should |\never |\be |\subsiuted |\for |\direct |
    assemsent |\and |\asculation |\of |\heart |\sounds.
  5. *how |\are |\electrodes |\placed |\on |\patient: |* white |\is |\right, |\black |\is |\left |\and |
    green |\or |\red |\for |\ground
  6. *how |\do |\you |\prepare |\a |\chlild |\for |\echocardiogram: |* the |\child |\must |\lie |\

5 |/ |
quietly |\and |\in |\standard |\echo |\position; |\crying, |\nursig |\or |\sitting |\up |\often |
leads |\to |\diagositc |\errors |\or |\omissions. |\infants |\and |\young |\children |\may |
need |\sedaitves. |\older |\children |\benefic |\from |\psych |\prep. |\distractions |\with |
movie |\help

  1. *what |\is |\cardiac |\catheterization: |* A |\radiopaque |\catheter |\that |\is |\passed |
    through |\the |\femoral |\artery |\directly |\into |\the |\heart |\and |\large |\vessels.
  2. *Diagnostic |\catheterization |\tests |\for |\what: |* used |\to |\diagnose |\congential |
    car- |\diac |\defects, |\particular |\in |\symptatmic |\infants |\and |\before |\surgical |
    repiar
  3. *interventional |\catherization |\is |\used |\for |\what: |* altering |\cardiac |\anatomy |
    such |\as |\dilating |\stenotic |\values |\or |\closing |\abnormal |\connections
  4. *eletrophysiology |\studies |\record |\what? |\are |\used |\for |\what?: |* record |\the |
    im- |\pulses |\of |\the |\heart|\directly|\from |\conductino |\system |\and |\used |\to |\evaluate|
    dysthymias |\and |\sometime |\destory |\pathways |\that |\cause |\tachysrythmias
  5. *advere |\effects |\in |\newborns |\or |\seriously |\ill |\children |\such |\as |\acute |\hemmor- |
    phage |\from |\entry |\site, |\low |\grade |\fever, |\nausea, |\vomting, |\loss |\of |\pulse |\from |
    extremity, |\transient |\dysthrmia |\and |\sometimes |\stroke, |\siezures |\or |\death |\are |
    associated |\with |\what: |*     cardiac |\catheterization
  6. *what |\do |\chest |\x |\rays |\allow |\physicans |\to |\see?: |* chest |\xray|\can |\detect|
    presence |\of |\calcium |\in |\the |\heart|\or |\BV, |\indicate |\fat |\or |\other |\substances|\in |\BV, |
    damagne |\to |\heart

7 |/ |\

  1. dressing |\assemsent |\for |\evidence |\of |\bleeding |\or |\hematoma |\formation
  2. blood |\glucose |\levels
  3. *diet |\for |\child |\who |\had |\Cardiac |\catheterization? |\what |\about |\voiding?: |* begin |
    as |\soon |\as |\tolerated |\and |\start |\with |\sips |\of |\clear |\liquid |\and |\advance |\as |
    tolerated. |\child |\should |\also |\be |\encoruaged |\to |\void.
  4. *what |\is |\the |\major |\cause |\of |\death |\in |\terms |\of |\cardiovascular |\dysfunction |\in |
    the |\first |\year |\of |\life: |*     congential |\heart |\disease
  5. *what |\is |\the |\most |\common |\congenital |\heart |\disease |\anomaly?: |* VSD
  6. *what |\causes |\most |\conegential |\heart |\diseases?: |* unknown |\its |\a |\result |
    of |\multifactoral |\inheritance; |\complex |\interaction |\of |\genetics |\and |\envio |
    factors
  7. *maternal |\factors |\such |\as |\chronic |\illness |\like |\diabetes, |\poorly |\control |
    phenylketouria, |\alcohol |\consumption |\and |\exposure |\to |\mental |\toxins |\and |\in- |
    fections |\are |\risk |\factor |\that |\predispose |\infant |\to |\what: |*     congential |\heart |
    disease
  8. *t |\or |\f. |\chromosome |\abnormalities |\are |\associated |\with |\congenital |\heart |
    disease: |*     t
  9. *Trisomy |\ 21 |(down |\syndrome), |\ 13 |\and |\ 18 |\anomaly |\are |\highly |\corelated |
    with: |*     congenital |\heart |\defects
  10. *state |\the |\changes |\to |\circulation |\at |\birth?: |* with |\that |\first |\breath, |\the |
    lungs |\expand |\and |\inc |\oxygen |\causes |\pulmonary |\dilation. |\with |\the |\removal |\of |\placenta, |\pulomonary |\pressures |\start |\to |\fall |\as |\systemic |\pressures |\start

8 |/ |
|\to |\rise. |\the |\foramen

10 |/ |\

  1. *explain |\connection |\bw |\BP |\and |\flow |\rate? |\what |\about |\resistance |\and |\rate |\of |
    flow:|*     higher|\pressure|\gradient|\the|\greater|\the|\rate|\of|\flow.|\lower|\pressure|\the |\lower |\the |\rate |\of |\flow.. |\higher |\resistance |\the |\lower |\the |\flow |\rate
  2. *what |\is |\the |\result |\of |\abnormal |\connection |\that |\exist |\bw |\the |\two |\heart |
    chambers |(i.e. |\a |\spetal |\defect): |*     blood |\will |\flow |\from |\an |\area |\of |\higher |
    pressure |(left |\side) |\to |\an |\area |\of |\lower |\pressure |(right |\side)
  3. *increased |\pulonary |\vascular |\resistance |\or |\obstruction |\of |\blood |\flow |
    through |\the |\pulomnic |\valve |\and |\artery |\can |\cause |\what: |*     rigth |\to |\left |\shunting |\of |\blood
  4. *what |\can |\cause |\cynaosis?: |* a |\defect |\that |\causes |\oxgeynated |\and |
    deoxygnated |\blood |\within |\the |\heart |\chambers |\to |\mix
  5. *what |\is |\the |\best |\physical |\characteristic |\we |\can |\use |\to |\define |\congenital |
    heart |\disease? |\what |\are |\the |\subclassifcation: |*     cyanosis. |\acyanotic |\and |
    cyanotic
  6. *can |\a |\child |\with |\acyanotic |\defects |\develop |\cyanotic |\defects: |* yes
  7. *if |\a |\child |\has |\cyanotic |\defects |\how |\may |\they |\appear: |* more |\pink |\and |
    have |\clinical |\signs |\of |\HF
  8. *what |\are |\the |\ 4 |\hemodynamic |\categories |\for |\classifying |\congenital |\heart |
    disease |(acyanotic |\or |\cynaotic): |*     1. |\increased |\pulonary |\blood |\flow 2.obstruction |\of |\BF |\to |\ventricles

11 |/ |\

  1. dec |\pulonary |\blood |\flow 4.mixed |\blood |\flow
  2. *defects |\that |\allow |\blood |\flow |\from |\the |\higher |\pressure |\left |\side |\of |\the |\heart |
    to |\the |\lower |\pressure |\right |\side |\results |\in |\what?: |*     increased |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow |\and |\heart |\falireu
  3. *Obstruction |\of |\the |\left |\side |\of |\heart |\will |\result |\in: |* heart |\failure
  4. *obstruction |\of |\the |\right |\side |\of |\the |\heart |\will |\result |\in: |* cyanosis
  5. *Defects |\that |\decrease |\pulmonary |\flow |\lead |\to: |* cyanosis
  6. *prematurity,|\low|\birth|\weight,|\a|\genetic|\syndrome,|\multiple|\cardiac|\defects, |\a |\noncardiac|\congential|\anomaly,|\and|\age|\at|\the|\time|\of|\surgey|\are|\risk|\factors |\for |\what: |* pt |\at |\risk |\for |\morbidity |\and |\moraltiy |\following |\cardiac |\surgey
  7. *acyanotic |\congenital |\heart |\disease |\hemodyanmic |\features |\are |\2: |* 1.|\inc |
    pulmonary |\blood |\flow 2.obstruction |\to |\blood |\flow |\from |\ventricies
  8. *Cyanotic |\congenital |\heart |\disease |\hemodynamic |\featuers |\are: |* 1. |\dec |\pu- |\lomonary |\blood |\flow 2.mixing |\of |\blood
  9. *if |\there |\is |\decreased |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow |\what |\ 2 |\congenital |\diseases |\can |
    develop: |*     Tretralogy |\of |\fallot |\and |\tricusipd |\atresia |(valve |\fails |\to |\develop)
  10. *if |\there |\is |\obstrution |\to |\blood |\flow |\in |\the |\ventrices, |\what |\ 3 |\congential |\heart |*

13 |/ |
2.exercsie |\intolerance 3.feeding |\diffculites 4.irratblity 5.restlessness 6.lethargy 7.oligura 8.pale |\and |\cool |\extremiteis 9.tachycardia

  1. *what |\causes |\obstructive |\defects? |\what |\will |\these |\patients |\experiencing?: |- |* blood |\existing |\in |\the |\heart |\meets |\an |\area |\of |\anatomical |\narrowing |(stenosis) |
    cuasing |\obstruction |\to |\blood |\flow |\that |\cause |\decreased |\pulmonary |\blood |
    flow. |\their |\blood |\flow |\will |\mix |\which |\results |\in |\cyanosis
  2. *valvular |\obstruction: |* obstruction |\of |\blood |\flow |\at |\the |\valve |\itself
  3. *Subvalvular |\obstruction: |* narrowing |\in |\the |\ventrices |\blow |\the |\valve
  4. *Supravalvular |\obstruction: |* narrowing |\in |\the |\great |\artery |\above |\the |\valve
  5. *coarctation |\of |\the |\aorta: |* congenital |\cardiac |\condition |\characterized |\by |\a |
    nar- |\rowing |\of |\the |\aorta
  6. coarcation |\of |\the |\aorta, |\arotic |\stenosis |\and |\pulmonic |\stenosis |\are |\common *defects: |* obstructive |\defects
  7. *explain |\the |\hemodynamics |\of |\obstructive |\defects. |\what |\ 2 |\key |\princples |\are |*

14 |/ |
*affected?: |* there |\is |\a |\pressure |\load |\on |\the |\ventricle |\and |\decreased |\CO. |\inc |
preload |\and |\dec |\CO

  1. *what |\is |\happening |\in |\the |\heart |\with |\defects |\associated |\with |\decreased |\pul- |
    monary |\blood |\flow: |*     there|\is |\obstruction |\of |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow |\and |\an |
    anatomical |\defects |(ASD |\or |\VSD) |\be |\the |\right |\and |\left |\side |\of |\the |\heart. |\Blood |
    has |\trouble |\exiting |\the |\right |\side |\of |\the |\heart |\via |\the |\pulmonary |\artery, |
    thus |\pressure |\on |\right |\side |\will |\increase, |\exceeding |\the |\left |\side |\pressure. |
    this |\causes |\desaturaated |\blood |\to |\shunt |\right |\to |\left, |\causing |\desaturated |
    blood |\to |\enter |\the |\left |\side |\of |\the |\heart |\and |\systemic |\ciruculation
  2. *if |\patients |\have |\defects |\resulting |\in |\decreased |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow, |\how |
    could |\they |\clinically |\present: |*     cyantoic |\and |\hypoxemic
  3. *Tetralogy |\of |\Fallot |\and |\tricuspid |\atresia |\are |\classfied |\as |\congential |\heart |
    disease |\that |\is |\a |\defect |\in: |*     defect |\with |\decreased |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow
  4. *what |\is |\mixed |\blood |\defects? |\does |\cardiac |\output |\inc |\or |\decrease: |* fully |
    saturated |\blood |\flow |\mixes |\with |\desaturated |\blood |\flow |\causing |\relative |
    desaturation |\of |\systemic |\blood |\flow. |\this |\can |\cause |\pulmonary. |\congestion |
    bcuz |\the |\differnet |\in |\pulmonary |\artery |\pressure |\and |\aortic |\pressure |\favour |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow. |\it |\dec |\bcuz |\of |\the |\volume |\overload |\in |\ventrices

16 |/ |\

  1. monitoir |\for |\signs |\of |\renal |\failure
  2. *congenital |\heart |\failure, |\dysrthymia, |\dec |\cardiac |\output |\syndrome, |\dec |
    perphieral |\perufsion, |\pulmonary |\or |\neurological |\changing |\are |\post |\op |\compl- |
    ciations |\associated |\with: |*     congential |\heart |\disease
  3. *postpericardiotomy |\syndrome?|\whats|\it|\caused|\by?:|* Pleuropericardial|\dis- |\ease |\that |\occurs |\days |\or |\months |\after |\cardiac |\surgery |\or |\injury. |\unknown |
    cause |\but |\could |\be |\viral |\infection, |\autoimmune |\reaction |\to |\blood |\from |\the |
    pericardium
  4. *what |\does |\postpericardiotomy |\syndrome |\develop? |\what |\would |\be |\some |\of |
    the |\symptoms: |*     can |\occur |\anywhere |\in |\immediate |\post |\op |\period |\or |\bw |\7- |\days |(3 |\weeks) |\after |\surgey. |\Fever, |\pericardial |\effusion, |\and |\inc |\WBC |\count
  5. *state|\chest|\tube|\care|\after|\cardiac|\surgey|\3?:|* 1.|\monitor|\chest|\tube|\drainage |\q |\hour |\for |\colour; |\immediate |\post |\op |\is |\red |\but |\changes |\to |\serous, |\IF |\NOT |
    REPORT |\TO |\PHYSICAN 2.monitor |\chest |\tube |\drainage |\for |\quanity 3.be |\alert |\for |\cardiac |\tamponade
  6. *what |\is |\cardiac |\temponade? |\what |\can |\this |\be |\caused |\by? |\life |\threating?: |* its |
    a |\rapid |\onset |\in |\which |\blood |\or |\fluids |\fill |\the |\space |\bw |\the |\sace |\that |\encase |
    the |\heart

17 |/ |
and |\the |\heart |\muscles, |\placing |\extreme |\pressure |\on |\your |\heart. |\prevents |
the |\heart |\ventrices|\from |\expanding |\fully. |\life |\threatening. |\post |\op |
complication |\to |\CHD |\surgey

  1. *when |\do |\you |\need |\to |\notify |\the |\physical |\in |\terms |\of |\chest |\tube |\drainage- : |* drainage |\is |\less |\than |\3ml/kg/hr |\x |\ 3 |\consecutive |\hours |\or |\5-10ml/kg |\in |\any |\ 1 |
    hour |(possible |\indication |\of |\hemorrhage)
  2. *The |\inability |\of |\the |\heart |\to |\pump |\an |\adequate |\amount |\of |\blood |\into |\the |
    systemic |\circulation |\is |\known |\as. |\what |\can |\become |\damaged |\if |\left |\untreated- : |*     heart |\failure. |\heart |\muscles
  3. *heart |\failure |\in |\children |\is |\often |\secondary |\to: |* structural |\abnormalites |
    like |\septal |\deficts |\that |\cause |\increased |\blood |\volume |\and |\pressure |\within |\the |\heart
  4. *Cardiomypoathy, |\dysrhythmias |\or |\severe |\electrolyte |\imabances, |\spesis |\or |
    severe |\anemia |\can |\cause |\what: |*     heart |\failure
  5. *what |\is |\happening |\in |\the |\heart |\when |\their |\is |\right |\sided |\heart |\failure?: |* the |
    right |\ventrice |\is |\unable |\to |\pump |\blood |\effectively |\into |\the |\pulmonary |\artery |
    resulting |\in |\increased |\pressure |\in |\the |\right |\atrium |\and |\systemic |\venous |
    circulation.
  6. hepatosplenomegaly |\and |\occasional |\edema |\are |\cardinal |\signs |\of |\what?: |- right |\sided |\heart |\failure
  7. *what |\is |\happening |\in |\the |\heart |\regarding |\left |\sided |\heart |\failure?: |* the |\left |\

19 |/ |\

  1. *state |\the |\ 4 |\goals |\of |\theruaptic |\managment |\regarding |\heart |\failure: |* 1. |
    improve |\cardiac |\function |(i.e. |\contractilty |\and |\dec |\afterload)

20 |/ |
2.remove |\accumlated |\fluid |\and |\sodium |\to |\dec |\preload 3.dec |\cardiac |\demands 4.improve |\tissue |\oxygenation |\and |\dec |\oxygen |\consumption

  1. *inc |\afterload, |\inc |\preload |\and |\inc |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow |\are |\indications |\of |
    what: |*     heart |\failure
  2. *Digitalis |\glycosides |(digoxin) |\is |\used |\to |\what? |\what |\are |\the |\ 4 |\benefits?: |- |* improve |\cardiac |\function |\bcuz |\it |\inc |\cardiac |\output, |\decrease |\heart |\size, |\dec |
    venous |\pressure |\and |\reliefs |\edema
  3. what |\is |\the |\available |\dose |\for |\digotxin? |\explain |\the |\treatment |\course: |- 0.05mg/ml |\for |\oral |\adminstration
  4. give |\orally |\or |\IV |\in |\divided |\doses |\over |\ 24 |\hours |\period
  5. dosage |\is |\twice |\a |\day
  6. monitor |\drug |\effects |\using |\ECG |(prlonged |\PR |\interval |\and |\reduced |
    ventricular |\rate) |\and |\to |\detect |\for |\adverse |\effects |\such |\as |\dysrhythamis
  7. *state |\the |\medications |\used |\to |\treat |\heart |\failure |\4?:|* vasodilators, |\diuretic |\agents, |\beta |\blockers |(metoprolol |\and |\carvedilol), |\and |\angiotensin |
    converting |\en- |\zyme |\inhbitor
  8. *state |\how |\afterlod, |\rate |\of |\contraction, |\preload |\and |\vascular |\tone |\are |
    affected |\with |\heart |\failure: |*     heart |\failure |\activates |\sympathetic |\NS |\which |
    activites |\cholingeric|\fibers |\to |\cause |\sweating|(esp |\on |\scalp) |\inc |\the |\rate |\and |\