Download NSG 5003 FINAL WEEK 10 EXAMS | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025-2026 | GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NSG 5003 FINAL WEEK 10 EXAM| QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2025-2026 | GRADED A+
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase- mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases? Autoimmune and malignant disorders Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to swell because of the influx of sodium chloride Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease Free Radicals cause cell damage by:
Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production. What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because Sodium chloride enters the cell What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
Is often the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals. A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between Intracellular and extracellular K+ During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? Potassium Causes of hyperkalemia include: Renal failure and Addison disease In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? Hypopolarization The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis. Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? Hypocalcemia An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in: Hypophosphatemia The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: Renal failure The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's electrocardiogram (ECG)? Peaked T waves
Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response? Collagen matrix assembly What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? vasodilation What affect does the process or histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on inflammation? inhibition Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion? Antagonistically sebaceous glands protect the body from infection by secreting
antibacterial fatty acids, antifungal fatty acids, lactic acid Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection? The virus does not circulate in the blood After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for how many months? 6 to 14 What organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? Treponema pallidum Apoptosis is Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? Eosinophil
Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the: Level of protection provided by IgG Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm that which immunoglobulin level is near adult levels? IgG Which statement is true concerning the IgM? IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? IgE Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? IgE
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? Eosinophils During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm? Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the granulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor action? Histamine bound to H What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies? Greater quantities of IgE Which class of immunoglobulins forms isohemagglutinins? IgM
The action of which hormone helps explain increases in affective anxiety and eating disorders, mood cycles, and vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in women as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central norepinephrine system? Estrogen What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes? Depression of T cell functions and enhancement of B cell functions Which individual is at risk for developing lung and respiratory tract cancers because of exposure to known cancer-inducing environmental factors? (Select all that apply.) A patient whose partner smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes a day A 10-year employee of an asbestos fiber manufacturer A farmer whose equipment is primarily driven by diesel engines A 10-year delivery employee for a paper manufacturing company Blood pressure variations are associated with: The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction
The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by which factor? Hypertension Ventricular dilation and grossly impaired systolic function, leading to dilated heart failure, characterize which form of cardiomyopathy? Congestive What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Left heart failure A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance? a. Right heart failure
Which condition is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury? Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Which structure(s) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) release inflammatory mediators such as proteolytic enzymes, oxygen-free radicals, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor? Neutrophils In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with fluid as a result of which mechanism? Inactivation of surfactant and the impairment of type II alveolar cells Which immunoglobulin (Ig) may contribute to the pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma IgE Clinical manifestations of inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea are indicative of which condition?
Asthma Which factor contributes to the production of mucus associated with chronic bronchitis? Increased Goblet cell size Clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, shortness of breath, and productive cough are indicative of which respiratory disorder? Chronic bronchitis Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of which respiratory disorder? Emphysema Clinical manifestations of inspiratory crackles, increased tactile fremitus, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are indicative of which respiratory condition? Pneumonia
When considering the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the absence of which condition is considered characteristic? Heart failure What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia Hypoxia Considering host defense mechanisms, which element in the urine is bacteriostatic (prevents the growth of bacteria) high urea pyelonephritis is usually by which type of organism bacteria A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cells casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. These data suggest presence of which disorder Glomerulonephritis
Which viurs is a precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer human papillomavirus (HPV) Which benign breast tumor affects postmenopausal women and is characterized by the principal lactiferous ducts becoming dilated and filled with cellular debris Mammary duct ectasia What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonocci infection in men Urethra How does an established gonoccal infection usually express itself in newborns bilateral corneal ulceration In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestation be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphlis? Tertiary
