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NSG |\ 3107 |\Midterm |\Review |\QUESTIONS |\
WITH |\ANSWERS
What |\is |\the |\leading |\cause |\of |\death |\for |\infants |\over |\age |\ 1 |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Injuries |\related |\to |\MVA What |\is |\the |\leading |\cause |\of |\death |\for |\neonatal |\infants |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔LBW |\related |\to |\early |\gestational |\age Growth |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Change |\in |\quantity, |\occurs |\when |
cells |\divide |\and |\synthesize |\new |\proteins Maturation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔qualitative |\changes, |\aging |
process/increase |\in |\competence 5 |\major |\developmental |\periods |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔prenatal, |
infancy, |\early, |\middle |\and |\late |\childhood three |\classifications |\of |\child |\temperament |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔easy, |\difficult, |\slow |\to |\warm |\up
Toddler |\Stage |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔intense |\development/exploration |\of |\life, |\brain |\development, |\increased |
coordination Preschooler |\Stage |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔emotional |\and |\physical |
development, |\social |\development, |\moral |\development, |\fears |\of |
unknown |\etc |\during |\this |\period School |\age |\Stage |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔slower |\growth, |\but |\gain |
in |\weight |\and |\height, |\maturation |\of |\systems |(i.e., |\teeth), |\healthy |
eating |\and |\movement |\should |\be |\encouraged Adolescent |\stage |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔puberty |\signals |
adolescence |(growth |\spurt), |\cognitive |\development, |\relationship |
strains |\during |\this |\stage Parental |\reaction |\to |\child's |\chronic |\illness |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔shock |& |\denial adjustment reintegration acknowledgement how |\do |\children |\see |\death |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔young |\children: |\reversible
Altered |\family |\roles |\during |\hospitalization |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔siblings: |\anger, |\jealousy, |\worrying Parents: |\overprotection, |\increased |\attn, |\guilt |\etc sick |\child: |\playing |\sick |\role, |\routines |\different, |\control |\is |\important Medication |\administration |\rights |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔patient, |
med, |\dose, |\route, |\time |+ |\documentation, |\reason, |\response What |\is |\the |\most |\feared |\procedure |\in |\children |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔needle |\pain, |\also |\many |\adults |\fear |\this |\as |\well |\as |\procedural |
pain Neonatal |\pain |\management |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔breast |\feeding |(skin |\to |\skin, |\pleasant |\taste, |\natural |\endorphins) |- |\small |\vol |\or |\EBM |\ineffective kangaroo |\care |(tactile |\stimulation, |\sight, |\smell, |\sound) |- |\all |
ineffective |\without |\mother |
Sucrose |\and |\non-nutritive |\sucking |(attention |\gaining |\to |\sweet |\taste, |\release |\of |\endogenous |\opioids)
Pain |\management |\in |\infants |\up |\to |\ 1 |\yr |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔sweet |\solutions, |\breast |\feeding, |\distraction, |\secure |\upright |\front- front |\holding Pain |\management |\in |\toddlers |\and |\preschool |\children |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔topical |\anesthetics, |\distraction, |\holding |\upright, |
medical |\play Pain |\management |\in |\school |\age |\children |\and |\adolescents |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔topical |\anesthetics, |\distraction, |\preparation, |
relaxation/guided |\imagery, |\control, |\hypnosis Pharmacological |\pain |\management |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔NSAids, |\opioids, |\adjuvants, |\antiemetics, |\laxatives, |\anticonvulsants |
(minimization |\of |\adverse |\effects |\with |\combination |\therapy) Behavioural |\pain |\assessment |(observation) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔facial |\expressions, |\crying/vocalizations, |\body |\movements/postures i.e., |\FLACC |\in |\epic Physiological |\pain |\assessment |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔HR, |\RR, |\BP, |
o2, |\palmar |\sweating, |\cortisol |\levels
Children's |\main |\compensatory |\mechanism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔breathing |\faster, |\only |\works |\for |\so |\long |\then |\they |\crash abnormal |\respiratory |\patterns |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔tachypnea, |
irregular, |\apnea shallow/deep |\breathing laboured, |\nasal |\flaring, |\tracheal |\tug, |\retractions noises |(stridor, |\wheezes, |\noisy) |
cough |\present |
pain |\during |\chest |\expansion Parts |\of |\respiratory |\assessment |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔behaviour, |
fever, |\hydration, |\pain, |\bad |\breath How |\are |\respiratory |\infections |\classified |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔upper |\and |\lower |\tracts, |\based |\on |\anatomical |\location |\of |
involvement Characteristics |\of |\respiratory |\infections |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔caused |\by |\infectious |\agents, |\older |\children |@ |\greater |\risk |(not |
protected |\from |\breastfeeding), |\smaller |\area |\for |\pathogens |\to |\travel |
since |\children |\are |\smaller
Presentation |\of |\respiratory |\infections |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔head |
bobbing, |\grunting, |\retractions, |\nasal |\flaring, infectious |\agents |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔viruses, |\GABHS, |\bacteria |
etc upper |\respiratory |\tract |\infections |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔nasopharyngitis, |\acute |\streptococcal |\pharyngitis, |\tonsillitis, |
influenza, |\otitis |\media, |\croup, |\epiglottitis |(Acute), |\acute |\spasmodic |
laryngitis, |\bacterial |\trachetitis Nasopharyngitis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔common |\cold, |\upper |\resp |
tract |\infection, |\more |\severe |\symptoms |\in |\children |(RSV, |\influenza, |
rhinovirus) acute |\streptococcal |\pharyngitis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔GABHS, |
upper |\resp |\tract |\infection, |\strep |\throat |\at |\risk |\for |\rheumatic |\fever Tonsilitis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔infection |\of |\tonsils/inflamation, |
can |\require |\tonsillectomy, |\upper |\resp |\infection croup |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔barking |\cough, |\narrowing |\of |\airway, |
gradual |\onset, |\breathe |\in |\colder |\air |\to |\relax
How |\can |\you |\diagnose |\asthma |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔pumlonary |
function |\test |\is |\the |\only |\way |\to |\objectively |\give |\parents |#s |\but |\it's |
hard |\for |\kids |<6 |\yrs |\old, |\also |\ask |\parents/child |\about |\exercise, |
allergies, |\colds, |\eczema |\etc How |\to |\quantify |\asthma |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔PRAM, |\look |\for |
scalene |\muscle |\retractions, |\respiratory |\assessments |\etc how |\to |\manage |\asthma |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔avoidance |\of |
triggers, |\proper |\inhaler |\techniques, |\completed |\asthma |\action |\plan, |
adherence |\to |\plan |\made |\above cystic |\fibrosis |(CF) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inherited |\autosomal |
recessive |\trait |(CFTR), |\exocrine |\gland |\dysfunctions, |\causing |\mucous |
secretions |\and |\obstruction, systems |\affected |\by |\cystic |\fibrosis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔bronchi |
(pneumonia, |\emphysema), |\small |\intestine |(intestinal |\obstruction, |
meconium |\ileus |\most |\commonly |\presented), |\pancreatic |\ducts |
(malabsorption), |\bile |\ducts |(portal |\htn) Congenital |\respiratory |\anomalies |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔choanal |
atresia, |\congenital |\diaphragmatic |\hernia, |\subglottic |\stenosis, |
vascular |\rings, |\vocal |\cord |\palsy
what |\is |\always |\a |\red |\flag |\in |\regards |\to |\GI |\disorders |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔bile |\stained |\vomiting why |\are |\infants |\at |\higher |\risk |\of |\contracting |\infectious |\agents |\via |
oral |\route? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔they |\put |\a |\lot |\of |\things |\in |\their |\mouths when |\is |\the |\LES |\muscle |\tone |\developed |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔by |\ 1 |\mo, |\young |\infants |\tend |\to |\regurgitate |\after |\feedings Clinical |\Manifestations |\of |\GI |\dysfunction |\in |\children |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔growth |\failure |(FTT), |\spitting |\up/regurgitating, |
vomiting, |\encopresis, |\abnormal |\bowel |\sounds, |\abdominal |\pain, |
jaundice Consequences |\of |\GI |\dysfunction |\in |\children |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔dehydration, |\weight |\loss, |\infection, |\malabsorption, |\FTT, |
malnutrition Types |\of |\dehydration |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔isotonic |(most |
common |\both |\water |\and |\electrolyte |\deficits) |
hypotonic |(electrolyte |\deficit |\exceeds |\water |\deficit) hypertonic |(water |\deficit |\exceeds |\electrolyte |\deficit)
can |\lead |\to |\esophagitis, |\esophageal |\stricture, |\laryngitis, |\recurrent |
pneumonia, |\anemia |\and |\barrett's |\esophagus Acute |\Appendicitis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inflammatory |\disorder |
of |\the |\appendix, |\most |\common |\emergency |\abdo |\surgery |\in |
childhood |(obstruction |\of |\lumen |\of |\appendix, |\usu |\hardened |\fecal |
material) |
variable |\presentations, |\not |\always |\straightforward, |\some |\more |
severe |\than |\others Meckel's |\diverticulum |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inflammatory |
disorder, |\remnant |\of |\the |\fetal |\omphalomesenteric |\duct |\that |
connects |\the |\yolk |\asc |\with |\the |\midgut |\during |\fetal |\life, |\failure |\of |
obliteration |\during |\development |\may |\result |\in |\omphalomesenteric |
fistula |(a |\fibrous |\band |\connecting |\SI |\to |\the |\umbilicus) Treatment |\for |\Merkel's |\diverticulum |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Surgical |\removal |\of |\the |\diverticulum, |\correction |\of |\the |\bleeding |
caused |\by |\ulcers |\or |\perforation |\d/t |\unbuffered |\acidic |\secretions Inflammatory |\Bowel |\Disease |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ulcerative |
colitis |(colon |\and |\rectum |\only) |\and |\Crohn's |\disease |(any |\part |\of |\the |
GI |\system)
Peptic |\ulcer |\disease |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Chronic |\irritation, |
burning |\pain, |\and |\erosion |\of |\the |\mucosa |\to |\form |\an |\ulcer, |\in |\the |
stomach |\and |\duodenum, |\can |\be |\primary |\or |\secondary |(relationship |
with |\h.pylori) |
managed |\with |\PPI, |\lifestyle |\factors |\and |\mucosal |\protective |\agents |
(triple |\threat) Hepatic |\Disorders |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔acute |\or |\chronic |
inflammation |\of |\the |\liver |\caused |\by |\viruses, |\metabolic |\factors, |
anatomical |\issues |\etc Hepatitis |\disorders |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔A, |\B, |\C, |\D, |\E |\and |\G Changes |\in |\the |\parenchymal |\cells |\causing |\swelling |\and |
inflammation |\of |\the |\liver |\cells |\by |\mononuclear |\cells |\causing |
subsequent |\degeneration |\and |\cirrhosis |(end |\stage) biliary |\atresia |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inflammatory |\process |
causing |\bile |\duct |\fibrosis |\that |\leads |\to |\duct |\obstruction, |\needs |
correction |(kasai |\procedure |\using |\SI |\to |\create |\bile |\ducts) |
often |\occurs |\with |\polysplenia, |\intestinal |\malrotation |\and |\cardiac |
problems
Obstructive |\GI |\disorders |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔mechanical |
(physically |\blocked) |\and |\non-mechanical |(i.e., |\paralytic |\ileus) types |\of |\obstructive |\GI |\disorders |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔hypertrophic |\pyloric |\stenosis |(narrowing |\of |\sphincter) |
intussusception |(portion |\of |\bowel |\invaginate |\into |\another) malrotation/volvulus |(rotation |\around |\superior |\mesenteric |\artery |
during |\gestation) |
anorectal |\malformations |(congenital, |\rectal |\atresia |\and |\stenosis |
opening |\normal |\but |\closed) terms |\to |\know |\for |\GI |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔atresia |(congenital |
absence |\or |\closure |\of |\a |\structure) stenosis |(stricture |\or |\abnormal |\narrowing |\of |\a |\duct |\or |\canal) |
ileus |(non |\functioning |\bowel |\no |\mechanical |\obstruction) |
fistula |(fusion |\of |\two |\tubes) Malabsorption |\syndromes |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Celiac |\disease |
Gluten-free |\diet Short |\bowel |\syndrome Intestinal |\surface |\decrease
Lifetime |\EN |\or |\PN Results |\from |\surgical |\SI |\resection where |\does |\blood |\flow |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔'lazy' |\and |\follows |
the |\path |\of |\least |\resistance Cardiac |\output |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔volume |\of |\blood |\ejected |\by |\the |\heart |\in |\ 1 |\minute |(HR |\x |\SV) Preload |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔stretch |\on |\the |\heart |\before |\it |
contracts Afterload |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔squeeze, |\The |\force |\or |\resistance |
against |\which |\the |\heart |\pumps. patent |\ductus |\arteriosus |(PDA) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔seen |\in |
preterm |\infants, |\increases |\respiratory |\distress |(pulmonary |\edema), |
not |\a |\defect, |\expect |\this |\in |\preemies how |\do |\the |\DA, |\DV |\and |\FO |\close |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Air |\entry |
into |\lungs |\causes |\mechanical |\distension |\of |\pulmonary |\vascular |\bed |
(expands, |\allows |\blood |\to |\enter) |- |\rapid |\decrease |\in |\pulmonary |
vascular |\resistance, |\more |\oxygenated |\blood |\to |\enter |\lungs, |
increases |\pulmonary |\vasodilation |\and |\closes |\them
acyanotic, |\obstruction |\to |\blood |\flow |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔coarctation |\of |\aorta, |\aortic |\stenosis |, |\pulmonary |\stenosis Cyanotic: |\decreased |\pulmonary |\blood |\flow |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔tetralogy |\of |\fallot, |\tricuspid |\atresia cyanotic, |\mixed |\blood |\flow |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔transposition |\of |\great |\arteries Newborn |\symptoms |\of |\CHD |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔severe |\resp |
distress, |\cyanosis, |\poor |\perfusion few |\weeks |\of |\life |\symptoms |\of |\CHD |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔tachypnea, |\murmur, |\poor |\feeding, |\poor |\perfusion how |\to |\diagnose |\CHD |\if |\no |\symptoms |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔if |
cyanosis |\and |\oxygen |\helps: |\rules |\out |\cyanotic |\heart |\disease If |\cyanosis |\and |\oxygen |\does |\not |\help: |\indicates |\cyanotic |\heart |
disease Ventricular |\septal |\defect |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔acyanotic, |
increased |\blood |\flow: |\large |\hole |\between |\two |\ventricles |\lets |\venous |\blood |\pass |\from |\the |\right |\to |\the |\left |\ventricle |\and |\out |\to |\the |\aorta
|\without |\oxygenation |(left |\to |\right, |\path |\of |\least |\resistance, |\enters |
left |\then |\pushes |\to |\right) Atrial |\Septal |\Defect |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔acyanotic, |\increased |
blood |\flow: |\can |\be |\easily |\missed |\or |\delayed |\to |\be |\diagnosed, |
between |\atria |\to |\right |\of |\aorta Tetralogy |\of |\Fallot |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔most |\common |\cyanotic |
decreased |\blood |\flow |\CHD, |\changing |\blood |\flow, |\based |\on |\path |\of |
least |\resistance components |\of |\TOF |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔1) |\pulmonary |\stenosis |
(deoxygenated |\blood |\from |\RV |\can't |\get |\through) |\
- |\Ventricular |\septal |\defect |(depends |\on |\degree |\of |\PS, |\size |\of |\VSD, |
systemic |\resistance |\to |\flow) |\ - |\aorta |\overrides |\VSD |(aorta |\misplaced |\closer |\to |\R |\side) |\
- |\RV |\hypertrophy |(d/t |\stenosis |\and |\increased |\pressure) Tet |\spells |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔acute |\cyanotic |\spells, |\oxygen |
requirements |\exceed |\blood |\supply |(decreased |\systemic |\vascular |
resistance), |\during |\feeding, |\crying, |\pain, |\agitation, |\life |\threatening
