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NREMT Practice Test Bank: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

National Polytechnic College Nursing

Multiple-choice questions test emergency medical knowledge, covering conditions like hypoglycemia, stroke, emotional disturbances, and submersion injuries. Detailed answer explanations provide insights into optimal emergency actions. Questions address patient assessment, treatment, and safety, aiding students and professionals. Emphasizing rapid, accurate decision-making in high-pressure situations, it reinforces medical knowledge and practical skills. This practice test bank is valuable for learning and preparing for emergency medical services certification exams.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/11/2025

Nurseexcel 🇺🇸

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NREMT

Practice

Test

Bank

-

Multiple

Choice Exam

Questions and Verified Rationalized Answers

1. Hypoglycemiacandcacutecischemiccstrokeccancpresentcsimilarlycbecause:

• A:bothcoxygencandcglucosecarecneededcforcbraincfunction.

• B:thecmajoritycofcstrokecpatientschavecachistorycofcdiabetes.

• C:thecmostccommonccausecofcacstrokecischypoglycemia.

• D:theycarecbothccausedcbyclowclevelscofcglucosecincthecblood.:c•cA:bothcoxygencandcglucosec

arecneededcforcbraincfunction.

Reason:cAlthoughcstrokecandchypoglycemiacarectwocdistinctlycdifferentcconditions,ctheircsigns

candcsymptomscarecoftencsimilar.cThisciscbecausecthecbraincrequirescbothcoxygencandcglucosect

ocfunctioncnormally.cAncacutecischemiccstrokecisccausedcby

aclackcofcoxygenctocacpartcofcthecbraincduectocacblockedccerebralcartery,cwhereaschypoglycemia

c(lowcbloodcglucoseclevel)cdeprivescthecentirecbraincofcglucose.cInceitherccase,cthecpatientcpresen

tscwithcsignscofcimpairedcbraincfunctionc(ie,cslurredcspeech,cweakness,calteredcmentalcstatus)

.cBothcconditionscmaycleadctocpermanentcbraincdamagecorcdeathcifcnotctreatedcpromptly.

2. Whencdealingcwithcancemotionallycdisturbedcpatient,cyoucshouldcbecMOSTcconcernedc

with:

• A:gatheringcallcofcthecpatient'scmedications.

• B:safelyctransportingctocthechospital.

• C:whethercthecpatientccouldcharmcyou.

• D:obtainingcaccompletecmedicalchistory.:cYoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect!

Reason:cWhencmanagingcanycpatientcwithcancemotionalcorcpsychiatricccrisis,cyourcprimaryccon

cernciscyourcowncsafety.cSafelyctransportingcthecpatientctocthechospitalciscyourcultimatecgoal.cIfcp

ossible,cyoucshouldcattemptctocobtaincacmedicalchistorycandcshouldctakecanycofcthecpatient'scp

rescribedcmedicationsctocthechospital.cHowever,cthiscshouldcnotcsupercedecyourcowncsafetyco

rcinterferecwithcsafelyctransportingcthecpatient.

3. Youcarecatcthecscenecwherecacmancpanickedcwhilecswimmingcincacsmallclake.cYourcinitialc

attemptctocrescuechimcshouldcinclude:

• A:rowingcacsmallcraftctocthecvictim.

• B:reachingcforcthecvictimcwithcaclongcstick.

• C:throwingcacropectocthecvictim.

• D:swimmingctocthecvictimctocrescuechim.:cYoucselectedcB;cThiscisccorrect!

Partial preview of the text

Download NREMT Practice Test Bank: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NREMT Practice Test Bank - Multiple Choice Exam

Questions and Verified Rationalized Answers

**Hypoglycemiacandcacutecischemiccstrokeccancpresentcsimilarlycbecause:

A:bothcoxygencandcglucosecarecneededcforcbraincfunction.
B:thecmajoritycofcstrokecpatientschavecachistorycofcdiabetes.
C:thecmostccommonccausecofcacstrokecischypoglycemia.
D:theycarecbothccausedcbyclowclevelscofcglucosecincthecblood.:c** • cA:bothcoxygencandcglucosec arecneededcforcbraincfunction. Reason:cAlthoughcstrokecandchypoglycemiacarectwocdistinctlycdifferentcconditions,ctheircsigns candcsymptomscarecoftencsimilar.cThisciscbecausecthecbraincrequirescbothcoxygencandcglucosect ocfunctioncnormally.cAncacutecischemiccstrokecisccausedcby aclackcofcoxygenctocacpartcofcthecbraincduectocacblockedccerebralcartery,cwhereaschypoglycemia c(lowcbloodcglucoseclevel)cdeprivescthecentirecbraincofcglucose.cInceitherccase,cthecpatientcpresen tscwithcsignscofcimpairedcbraincfunctionc(ie,cslurredcspeech,cweakness,calteredcmentalcstatus) .cBothcconditionscmaycleadctocpermanentcbraincdamagecorcdeathcifcnotctreatedcpromptly.

**Whencdealingcwithcancemotionallycdisturbedcpatient,cyoucshouldcbecMOSTcconcernedc with:

A:gatheringcallcofcthecpatient'scmedications.
B:safelyctransportingctocthechospital.
C:whethercthecpatientccouldcharmcyou.
D:obtainingcaccompletecmedicalchistory.:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:cWhencmanagingcanycpatientcwithcancemotionalcorcpsychiatricccrisis,cyourcprimaryccon cernciscyourcowncsafety.cSafelyctransportingcthecpatientctocthechospitalciscyourcultimatecgoal.cIfcp ossible,cyoucshouldcattemptctocobtaincacmedicalchistorycandcshouldctakecanycofcthecpatient'scp rescribedcmedicationsctocthechospital.cHowever,cthiscshouldcnotcsupercedecyourcowncsafetyco rcinterferecwithcsafelyctransportingcthecpatient.

**Youcarecatcthecscenecwherecacmancpanickedcwhilecswimmingcincacsmallclake.cYourcinitialc attemptctocrescuechimcshouldcinclude:

A:rowingcacsmallcraftctocthecvictim.
B:reachingcforcthecvictimcwithcaclongcstick.
C:throwingcacropectocthecvictim.
D:swimmingctocthecvictimctocrescuechim.:c** YoucselectedcB;cThiscisccorrect!

Reason:cGeneralcrulesctocfollowcwhencattemptingctocrescuecacpatientcfromcthecwatercincludec"r each,cthrow,crow,candcthencgo."cIncthisccase,cyoucshouldcattemptctocreachcthecvictimcbychavingchim cgrabcholdcofcaclargecstickcorcsimilarcobject.cIfcthisciscunsuccessful,

- D:awakecandcalertcandchascswallowedcaccommercialcdrainccleaner.:c You

selectedcD;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Activatedccharcoalcadsorbsc(stickscto)cmanycingestedcsubstances,cprevent- cingcthemcfromcbeingcabsorbedcintocthecbodycbycthecstomachcorcintestines.cIncsomeccases,cyo ucmaycgivecactivatedccharcoalctocpatientscwhochavecingestedccertaincsubstances,cifcapprovedc bycmedicalccontrolcorclocalcprotocol.cActivatedccharcoalcisccontraindicatedcforcpatientscwhoch avecingestedcancacidcorcalkalic(ie,cdrainccleaner)corcacpetroleumcproductc(ie,cgasoline),cwhochav ecacdecreasedclevelcofcconsciousnesscandccannotcprotectctheircowncairway,corcwhocarecunablec tocswallow.

**ThecMOSTcobviouscwayctocreducecheatclosscfromcradiationcandcconvectionciscto:

A:movecawaycfromcaccoldcobject.
B:increasecmetabolismcbycshivering.
C:wearcacthickcwind-proofcjacket.
D:movectocacwarmercenvironment.:c** youcselectedcD;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Incaccoldcenvironment,cthecbodychasctwocwayscofcstayingcwarm:cgeneratingcheatc(ther mogenesis)candcreducingcheatcloss.cRadiationciscthectransfercofcheatcbycradiantcenergy.cThecbo dyccanclosecheatcbycradiation,csuchcascwhencacpersoncstandscincaccoldcroom.cConvectioncoccur scwhencheatcisctransferredctoccirculatingcair,cascwhenccoolcaircmovescacrosscthecbody'scsurfac e.cAcpersoncstandingcincwindyccoldcweather,cwearingclightweightcclothing,cisclosingcheatctocthec environmentcmostly bycconvection.cThecquickestcandcmostcobviouscwayctocdecreasecheatclosscfromcradiationcandc convectioncisctocmovecoutcofctheccoldcenvironmentcandcseekcsheltercfromcwind.cShiveringcincr easescthecbody'scmetabolismcandciscacmechanismcforcgeneratingcheat,cnotcreducingcheatcloss .cLayerscofcclothingctrapcaircandcprovidecexcellentcinsulation;cthus,clayeredcclothingcdecreasesc heatclosscbettercthancacsingle,cthickcjacket.cConductionciscthecdirectctransfercofcheatcfromcacpar tcofcthecbodyctocaccoldercobjectcbycdirectccontact,cascwhencacwarmchandctouchesccoldcmetalcorci ce.cThecmostcobviouscwayctocdecreasecheatclosscbycconductioncisctocremovecyourchandcfromcthe ccoldcobject.

**Acnear-drowningciscMOSTcaccuratelycdefinedcas:

A:complicationscwithinc 24 chourscfollowingcsubmersioncincwater.
B:immediatecdeathcduectocprolongedcsubmersioncincwater.
C:survivalcforcatcleastc 24 chourscfollowingcsubmersioncincwater.
D:deathcgreatercthanc 24 chourscfollowingcsubmersioncincwater.:c** YoucselectedcC;cThisciscco rrect! Reason:Collectively,cdrowningcandcnear-drowningcarecreferredctocascsubmersion

**- A:Spinalcinjury

B:Gastriccdistention
C:Hyperglycemia
D:Laryngospasm:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:cManycfactorsccanccontributectocorcresultcfromcacsubmersioncinjuryc(eg,cdrowning,cnea r- drowning).cItciscnotcuncommoncforcacpersonctocexperiencecacspinalcinjurycaftercdivingcheadcfirstc intocshallowcwater,cespeciallycifchecorcsheciscunder thecinfluencecofcalcohol.cWhencacswimmercpanics,checorcshecinitiallycswallows largecamountscofcwater,cresultingcincgastriccdistention.cGastriccdistentionccanccausecaspiratio ncifcthecpatientcregurgitatescwatercduringcrescuecbreathing;cprotectcthecairway!cDuringcthecpani ccphase,cthecvictimcexpendscactremendouscamountcofcenergyc(andcglucose)cfromcflailingcaroun dcincthecwater,cpossiblycresultingcinchypoglycemia.cInhalingcevencacsmallcamountcofcfreshcorcs altcwaterccancseverelycirritatectheclarynx,cwhichcsendscthecmusclescofctheclarynxcandcvocalccord scintocspasmc(laryngospasm),cresultingcincairwaycblockagecandchypoxia.

**Ac 42 - year- oldcmalecpresentscwithcfever,cacseverecheadache,candcacstiffcneck.cHeciscconscious,cbutcconf used.cHiscwifectellscyoucthatchecdoescnotchavecanycmedicalcproblemscandcdoescnotctakecan ycmedications.cYoucshouldcbecMOSTcsuspiciouscfor:

A:acutecstroke.
B:influenza.
C:meningitis.
D:tuberculosis. (:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Meningitisciscancinflammationcofcthecprotectiveccoveringscofcthecbraincandcspinalccord c(meninges).cCommoncsignscandcsymptomscofcmeningitiscincludecfever,cheadache,cneckcstiff nessc(nuchalcrigidity),candcvomiting.cAncalteredcmentalcstatusc isccommoncincsevereccases.cMe ningococcalcmeningitis,ccausedcbycacbacterium,ciscthecmostccontagiouscandcpotentiallycfatalct ypecofcmeningitis.cThecpatient'scsignscandcsymptomscarecnotcconsistentcwithcacutecstroke,ctub erculosisc(TB),corcinfluenzac(thecflu).cAlthoughcfevercisccommoncwithcbothcTBcandcthecflu,cneitherc causescneckcstiffness.cAcutecstrokecmaycbecassociatedcwithcacheadache,cespeciallycachemorrh agiccstroke;chowever,cstrokecpatientsctypicallycdocnotchavecacfever.

**Allcofcthecfollowingcarecsignscofcgastrointestinalcbleeding,cEXCEPT:

A:melena.
B:hematemesis.
C:tachycardia.**

- D:hemoptysis.:c YoucselectedcD;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Signscandcsymptomscofcgastrointestinalc(GI)cbleedingcincludecabdominalcpain;cvomiti ngcbloodc(hematemesis);cthecpassagecofcdark,ctarrycstoolsc(melena);candcbrightcredcrectalcblee dingc(hematochezia).cIfcbloodclossciscsignificant,cthecpatientcmaychavecsignscofcshockc(eg,ctac hycardia,cdiaphoresis,ctachypnea,chypotension). Hemoptysisc(coughingcupcblood)ciscacsigncofcacpulmonarycinjury,cnotcGIcbleeding.

**Ac 24 - year- oldcfemalecpresentscwithcacrashctochercleftclegcandcswollen,cpainfulckneecjoints.cShectellscyouct hatcshecandchercfriendscreturnedcfromcachikingctripcincthecmountainscacweekcago.cShecisccons ciouscandcalertcwithcacbloodcpressurecofc112/62cmmcHg,cacpulsecofc 84 cbeats/min,candcrespi rationscofc 14 cbreaths/min.cHercsymptomscarecMOSTclikelycthecresultcof:

A:RockycMountaincspottedcfever.
B:tetanus.
C:Lymecdisease.
D:aclocalizedcallergiccreaction.:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Thecpatient'scsymptomscandcherchistorycofcacrecentchikingctripcarecconsistentcwithcLymec disease,cwhichcwascthecresultcofcactickcbite.cTicksccanccarryctwocinfectiouscdiseases:cLymecdisea secandcRockycMountaincspottedcfever.cBothcarecspreadcthroughcthectick'scsaliva,cwhichciscinjecte dcintocthecskincwhencthectickcattachescitself.cThecfirstcsymptomcofcLymecdisease,cacrashcthatcm aycspreadctocseveralcpartscofcthecbody,cbeginscaboutc 3 cdayscaftercthecbitecofcancinfectedctick.cTh ecrashcmayceventuallycresemblecactargetcbull's- eyecpatterncinconecthirdcofcpatients.cAftercacfewcmorecdayscorcweeks,cpainfulcswellingcofcthecjoint s,cparticularlycthecknees,coccurs.cIfcrecognizedcandctreatedcpromptlycwithcantibiotics,cmanycpati entscrecoverccompletely.cRockycMountaincspottedcfever,cwhichciscnotclimitedctocthecRockycMou ntains,coccurscwithinc 7 ctoc 10 cdayscaftercbeingcbittencbycancinfectedctick.cItscsymptomscincludec nausea,cvomiting,cheadache,cweakness,cparalysis,candcpossiblyccardiopulmonarycfailure.

**Ac 50 - year-oldcwomancwhociscconsciouscandcalertccomplainscofcacsevere migrainecheadache.cWhenccaringcforcher,cyoucshouldcgenerallycavoid:

A:transportingchercincacsupinecposition.
B:shiningcaclightcintochercpupils.
C:dimmingctheclightscincthecambulance.
D:applyingcicecpacksctochercforehead.:c** YoucselectedcB;cThiscisccorrect!cReason:Patientscwit hcmigrainecorcclustercheadachesctypicallychavecphotophobiac(lightcsensitivity).cAnyctypecofcbrig htclight,cespeciallycifcshonecdirectlycintoctheceyes,cwillccausecthecpatientcwithcacheadachecunnec essarycseverecpain.cDimmingctheclightscincthecambulancecandcmakingcthecpatientcasccomfortabl ecascpossiblecarecthectreatmentscofcchoicecforcacpatientcwithcacheadache.cSomecpatientscbenefitcf romcicecpackscappliedctocthecforehead;cjustcbecsurectocwrapcthecicecpackcwithcrollercgauze.cOxy gencalso

Reason:cFirst,cyoucmustcdeterminecthecpatient'scweightcinckilogramsc(kg).cEithercofcthecfollowingcf ormulaeccancbecusedctocconvertcpoundsctockilograms:cFormulac1:cweightc(incpounds)c÷c2.2c=cweig htcinckg.cFormulac2:cweightc(incpounds)c÷c 2 c- c10%c=cweightcinckg.cOncthecbasiscofcthecabovecformulae,cac 125 - poundcpatientcweighsc 57 ckg.cUsingcformulac1,cthecequationciscascfollows:c 125 c(weightcincpounds)c÷ c2.2c=c56.81c(57c[roundedctocthecnearestctenth]).cUsingcformulac2,cthecequationciscascfollows:c 12 5 c(weightcincpounds) ÷c 2 c=c62.5c(63c[roundedctocthecnearestctenth]c- c6.3c(10%cofc63)c=c56.7c(57c[roundedctocthecnearestctenth]).cSincecthecdrugcorderciscforc 1 cg/kg,cy oucshouldcadministerc 57 cgcofcactivatedccharcoalctocyourc 125 - poundcpatient.

**WhichcofcthecfollowingciscthecMOSTcsignificantcfindingcincacpatientcwithcacseverechead ache?

A:Paincincbothclegs
B:Chestcdiscomfort
C:Unilateralcweakness
D:Abdominalctenderness:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:cUnilateralcweaknessc(weaknessconconecsidecofcthecbody)ciscacclinicallycsignificantcfin dingcincacpatientcwithcacheadachecbecausecitccouldcindicatecacstrokec(ischemiccorchemorrhagi c).cAbdominal,cchest,candclegcpaincarecnotccommonccom- cplaintscassociatedcwithcacheadache,calthoughctheycshouldcbecnotedcandcinvestigatedcifctheycare cpresent.

**Whenccaringcforcacpatientcwithcseverechypothermiacwhociscinccardiaccarrest,cyoucshould:

A:performcrescuecbreathingconly.
B:performcBLScandctransport.
C:avoidcusingcthecAED.
D:hyperventilatecthecpatient.:c** TheccorrectcanswerciscB; Reason:Patientscwithcseverechypothermiac(corecbodyctemperaturec<c86°F)cwhocarecinccardiacc arrestcshouldcbecmanagedcwithcbasicclifecsupportc(chestccompressionscandcventilations),cpas sivecexternalcrewarmingc(ie,cremovalcofcwetcclothing,capplyingcwarmcblankets)candcrapidctrans portctocthechospitalcwherectheyccancbecactivelycrewarmed.cBecauseccoldcmuscleciscacpoorccon ductorcofcelectricity,cdefibrillation,cifcindicated,cshouldcbeclimitedctoc 1 cattemptcuntilcthecpatien t'scbodyctemperaturechascbeencincreased.cCardiaccarrestcpatientscwithcseverechypothermiacg enerallycdocnotcrespondctocdefibrillation.cHyperventilationcshouldcbecavoidedcascthiscmaycincr easecintrathoraciccpressurecandcimpaircbloodcflowcbackctocthecheart.

**Youcshouldcnotcattemptctocactivelycrewarmcacpatientcwithcmoderatecorcseverechy pothermiacincthecfieldcbecause:

A:rewarmingctoocquicklyccanccausecacfatalccardiaccdysrhythmia.
B:thecriskcofcinadvertentlycinducingchyperthermiacisctoochigh.
C:itciscpainfulcforcthecpatientcandcyouccannotcgivecanalgesiccdrugs.
D:activecrewarmingchascbeencshownctoccausecseverechypertension.:c** YoucselectedcA;c Thiscisccorrect! Reason:Whenccaringcforcacpatientcwithchypothermia,cyourcgoalcisctocpreventcfurthercheatcloss;c thiscinvolvescremovingcwetcclothing,capplyingcwarmcblankets,candcallowingcthecpatient'scbodycte mperaturectocrisecgraduallycandcnaturallyc(passivecrewarming).cIfcthecpatientciscmoderatelycorcse verelychypothermic,cyoucshouldcnotctryctocrewarmchimcorchercactivelyc(placingcheatconcorcintocth ecbody).cRewarmingctoocquicklycmayccausecacfatalccardiaccdysrhythmia,csuchcascventricularcfib rillationc(V- Fib).cActivecrewarmingcmaycalsoccausecrewarmingcshock,cacconditioncincwhichcthecbloodcvessels cdilatecwhencheatciscappliedctocthecbody,cresultingcincsignificantchypotension.cForcthesecreason s,cactivecrewarmingcshouldconlycbecperformedcinctheccontrolledcsettingcofcachospital.

**Youcrespondctocacgrocerycstorecwherecac 39 - year-oldcmancreportedlycexperi- cencedcacseizure.cWhencyoucarrivecatcthecscene,cacclerkcbeginsctocescortcyouctocthecpatient.c Shectellscyoucthatcthecmancstoppedcseizingcaboutc 5 cminutescago.cIfcthecpatientctrulycexperi encedcacseizure,cyoucwillcMOSTclikelycfindcthatche:

A:hascacslowcheartcrate.
B:iscfullycconsciouscandcalert.
C:iscnotcbreathingcandcisccyanotic.
D:iscconfusedcandcdisoriented.:c** YoucselectedcD;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:cMostcseizurescarecfollowedcbycacpostictalcphase,cincwhichcthecpatientciscunresponsiv ecatcfirstcandcthencgraduallycregainscconsciousness.cIncmostccases,cthecpostictalcpatientcappe arscdazed,cconfused,corcdisoriented;cincsomeccases,checorcshecisccombative.cThecpostictalcphas ectypicallyclastscfromc 5 ctoc 30 cminutes.cDuringcthecseizure,cthecpatientciscoftencnotcbreathingcorc iscbreathingcinadequately;chowever,cwhencthecseizurecstops,cbreathingcusuallycresumes.cYouc willcalsocfindcthatcmostcpostictalcpatientscarectachycardic;cthisciscthecresultcofcancadrenalincsur gecthatcoccurscduringcthectonic-cloniccphasecofcthecseizure.

**Youcareccalledctocaclocalcparkcforcancillcperson.cItciscachotcdaycandcthechumiditycischig h.cWhencyoucarrive,cacbystandercdirectscyouctocthecpatient,cacyoungcmalecwhociscsemicon scious.cHiscskinciscflushed,chot,candcmoist.cYourcFIRSTcactioncincthecmanagementcofcthisc patientcshouldcbecto:

A:begincrapidccoolingcmeasures.**

distress,cyoucshouldcfirstcremovechimcorchercfromcthecmechanicalcventilatorcandcbegincmanualcve ntilationcwithcacbag- maskcdevice;cifcthecpatientcimproves,cyoucwillcknowcthatcthecproblemcwascacmalfunctioncwithcthec mechanicalcventilator.cIfcthecpatientcdoescnotcimprove,cthectracheostomyctubecisclikelycplugge dcwithcthickcmucuscsecretionscandcrequirescsuctioning.cUnlesscyoucarecfamiliarcwithcthecmech anicalcventilatorc(mostcEMTscarecnot),cdocnotcattemptctoctroubleshootcthecdevicecbyccheckingc thecsettings;cthisconlycwastesctime.

**Acmiddle- agedcmancwascfoundcfloatingcfacedowncincacsmallcpond.cWhencyoucarrivecatcthecscene,cbys tanderscarecpresent,cbutcnobodychascremovedchimcfromcthecwatercbecausectheycthoughtch ecwascdead.cAftercreachingcthecvictim,cyoucshould:

A:floatcacbuoyantcbackboardcunderchim,cremovechimcfromcthecpond,candcbegincrescuecbreat hing.
B:movechimctocacsupinecpositioncbycrotatingcthecentirecupperchalfcofchiscbodycascacsinglecu nit.
C:stabilizechischeadcascyoucremovecitcfromcthecwatercandcopenchiscairwaycbyctiltingchische adcback.
D:grabchimcbychiscclothing,cremovechimcfromcthecpond,candcassesscforcbreathingca ndcacpulse.:c** TheccorrectcanswerciscB; Reason:Aftercsafelycreachingcacdrowningcvictim,cyoucshouldcfirstcturnchimctocacsupinecpositioncb ycrotatingcthecentirecupperchalfcofcthecbodycascacsinglecunit;cprotectctheccervicalcspinecascyoucd octhiscbecausecacspinalcinjuryccannotcbecruledcout.cOpencthecpatient'scairway,cwithoutcmanipul atingcthecneck,candcbegincrescuecbreathingcwhilecstillcincthecwater.cFloatcacbuoyantcbackboardc undercthecpatient,csecurechimctocit,candcremovechimcfromcthecwater.cAftercremovingcthecvictimc fromcthecwater,cassesscforcacpulse.cIfcthecvictimciscpulseless,cbegincCPR,cdrychimcoff,candcapplyc thecAEDcascsooncascpossible.

**WhichcofcthecfollowingcpatientscwithcdiabetesciscthecBESTccandidatecforcoralcglucos e?

A:Acconfusedcpatientcwhochasccool,cclammycskin
B:Acsemiconsciouscpatientcwithcpale,cclammycskin
C:Ancunresponsivecpatientcwhoctookctoocmuchcinsulin
D:Acconfusedcpatientcwithcsuspectedchyperglycemia:c** YoucselectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Oralcglucoseciscindicatedcforcpatientscwithcdiabetescwhocarecincinsulincshockc(hypogly cemicccrisis),corcforcanycpatientcwithcsymptomaticchypoglycemiac(ascdocumentedcbycglucome ter).cThecpatientcmustcbecconsciouscandcalertcenoughcto

becablectocswallowcthecglucose,cwhichccomescincactubecofcgel.cIfcthecpatientciscunresponsivecorc otherwisecunablectocswallowcthecglucose,cyoucshouldcprovidecrapidctransport,cprovidingcthecap propriatecairwaycmanagementcencroute,candcconsidercancALScintercept.

**Ac 40 - year- oldcwomancpresentscwithcwidespreadchivescthatcshecnoticedcaboutc 45 cminutescafterctakin gcpenicillin.cSheciscconsciouscandcalertcandcdeniescdifficultycbreathing.cHercbreathcsoundsca recclearctocauscultationcbilaterally,chercvitalcsignscarecstable,candchercoxygencsaturationcisc 94%.cShectellscyoucsheciscallergicctocwaspscandchascancepinephrinecauto- injector.cYoucshould:

A:assistchercincadministeringcepinephrinecviachercauto-injector.
B:givechigh-flowcoxygencandcadministerc 100 cmgcofcBenadryl.
C:givecsupplementalcoxygencandctransportcherctocthechospital.
D:advisechercthatcsheccancprobablycdrivecherselfctocthechospital.:c** YoucselectedcC;cThisciscco rrect! Reason:Thecpatientciscexperiencingcancallergiccreaction,cbutcsheciscnotcincana- cphylacticcshock.cUrticariac(hives)cisccommonctocallcallergiccreactions,cregardlesscofcseverit y;chowever,cwheezingcandchypotension,cwhichcshecdoescnotchave,carecspecificctocanaphylax is.cAlthoughcsheccarriescancepinephrinecauto- injectorcforchercallergyctocwasps,cshecwascnotcstungcbycacwasp.cFurthermore,cthecabsencecof wheezingcandchypotensioncnegatescepinephrinecadministration.cGivecsupplementalcoxygenc(i ncacconcentrationcsufficientctocmaintaincancSpO2cofcgreatercthanc94%)candctransportcherctocthec hospital.cBecausecitccanctakecupctocanchourcforcsignscofcacseverecallergiccreactionctocmanifest,ct hecpatientcshouldcnotcdrivecherself.cDiphenhydraminec(Benadryl),cancantihistamine,ciscancapp ropriatecdrugcbasedconchercpresentation;chowever,citciscnotctypicallyccarriedconcacBLScunit.cFurth ermore,ctheccorrectcdosecisc 25 ctoc 50 cmg.

**Immediatelycfollowingcacgeneralizedcmotorcseizure,cmostcpatientscare:

A:hyperactive.
B:confused.
C:apneic.
D:awakecandcalert.:c** YoucselectedcB;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Aftercacgeneralizedc(grandcmal)cmotorcseizure,cthecpatientctypicallycwillcbecconfused,c sleepy,corcincsomeccases,ccombative.cThisciscreferredctocascthecpostictalcphase.cThecpatient'scle velcofcconsciousnessctypicallycimprovescwithinc 30 cminutes.cIncmanyccases,cthecpatient'screspir ationscwillcbecfastc(tachypnea)cfollowingcacseizure;cthisciscthecbody'scattemptctoceliminatecexce ssccarboncdioxidecthatcaccumulatedcincthecbloodcduringcthecseizure.

fromcacfamilycmembercpriorctocrestrainingcthecpatient.cJustcenoughcforcectoceffectivelycrestraincth ecpatientciscallcthatciscrequiredctocpreventccausingcunnecessarycinjury.

**Immediatelycfollowingcacgeneralizedcseizurecinvolvingctonic- cloniccactivity,cmostcpatients:

A:havecacslowcheartcratecbecausecofccardiaccdepressioncduringcthecseizure.
B:arecunresponsivecbutcgraduallycregaincconsciousness.
C:experiencecprolongedcapneacandcrequirecpositive-pressurecventilations.
D:returnctocacnormalclevelcofcconsciousnesscbutccannotcrecallcthecevent.:c** YoucselectedcB;cT hiscisccorrect! Reason:Mostcgeneralizedc(grandcmal)cseizuresclastc 3 ctoc 5 cminutescandcarecfollowedcbycaclength yc(5ctoc 30 cminutes)cperiodccalledcthecpostictalcphase,cincwhichcthecpatientciscunresponsivecatcfirstc butcgraduallycregainscconsciousness.cDuringcthecseizurecitself,cthecnervouscsystemcreleasesce xcesscadrenalinec(epinephrine);ctherefore,ctachycar- cdia,cevencaftercthecseizurechascstopped,cisccommon.cApneacisccommoncduringcacseizure;chow ever,cbreathingcusuallycresumescaftercthecseizurechascstopped.cManycpatientscarectachypneicc followingcacseizure;cthisciscthecbody'scattemptctoceliminatecexcessccarboncdioxidecthatcaccumul atedcincthecbloodcduringcthecseizure.cUnlikecgrandcmalcseizures,cpetitcmalcseizuresc(alsoccalledca bsencecseizures)ccanclastcforcjustcacfractioncofcacminute,caftercwhichcthecpatientcfullycrecoversc immediatelycwithconlycacbriefclapsecofcmemorycofcthecevent.

**Whichcofcthecfollowingcorganscareccontainedcwithincthecrightcuppercquad- rantcofcthecabdomen?

A:Livercandcgallbladder
B:Stomachcandcgallbladder
C:Livercandcspleen
D:Livercandcstomach:c** YoucselectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Theclivercandcgallbladdercliecwithincthecrightcuppercquadrantcofcthecabdomen.cMostcofcthec stomachciscwithincthecleftcuppercquadrant,casciscthecentirecspleen.

**Youcrespondctocacbaseballcfieldcforcacpersoncwhocwascstruckcbyclightning.cWhencyoucar rive,cyoucseeconecpatientcwhocappearscconfusedcandciscambula- ctory;cacsecondcpatientcwhociscconscious,csittingconcthecground,candcholdingchiscarm;candc acthirdcpatientcwhociscsupinecandcmotionless.cAftercrequestingcadditionalcresponders,cyo ucshould:

A:assesscthecmotionlesscvictimcandcperformcCPRcandcdefibrillationcifcneces-csary.
B:assesscandcbeginctreatingcthecsittingcpatientcfirstcbecausecheciscobviouslycinjured.**

**- C:treatcthecconsciouscpatientscbecausecthecmotionlesscpatientcisclikelycdeceased.

D:proceedctocthecambulatorycpatient,csitchimcdown,candcassesschiscmentalcstatus.:c** Yo ucselectedcD;cTheccorrectcanswerciscA; Reason:Thecprocesscofctriagingcmultiplecvictimscofcaclightningcstrikeciscdifferentcthancthecconv entionalctriagecmethodscusedcduringcacmass- casualtycincident.cWhencacpersonciscstruckcbyclightning,crespiratorycorccardiaccarrest,cifcitcocc urs,cusuallycoccurscimmediately.cThosecwhocarecconsciouscfollowingcaclightningcstrikecarecmu chclessclikelyctocdevelopcdelayedcrespiratorycorccardiaccarrest;ctheycusuallycsurvive. Therefore,cyoucshouldcfocuscyourceffortsconcthosecwhocarecincrespiratorycorccardiaccarrest.cThis cprocess,ccalledcreversectriage,cdifferscfromcconventionalctriage,cwherecsuchcpatientscwouldco rdinarilycbecclassifiedcascdeceased.

**Ac 32 - year- oldcmancwhocwascstungcbycacbeechascdiffusechives,cfacialcswelling,candcdifficultycbreathing .cWhenchecbreathes,cyouchearcaudiblecstridor.cWhatcdoescthiscindicate?

A:Narrowingcofcthectwocmainstemcbronchi
B:Swellingcofcthecuppercairwaycstructures
C:Narrowingcofcthecbronchiolescinctheclungs
D:Swellingcofctheclowercairwaycstructures:c** YoucselectedcB;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Thiscpatientciscexperiencingcacseverecallergiccreactionc(anaphylaxis).cStridor,cwhichciscac high-pitchedcsoundcheardconcinhalation,cindicatescswellingcofcthecstruc- cturescandctissuescofcthecuppercairway.cIfcnotcpromptlyctreated,cthecpatient'scairwaycmaycclosec completely,cresultingcincrespiratorycarrest.cNarrowingcofcthecbronchiolescinctheclungsccausescwh eezing,cacwhistlingcsoundcthatcmaycbecheardcduringcinhalation,cexhalation,corcboth.

**AcbehavioralccrisisciscMOSTcaccuratelycdefinedcas:

A:anycreactionctocanceventcthatcinterferescwithcthecactivitiescofcdailyclivingcorchascbecome cunacceptablectocthecpatient,cfamily,corccommunity.
B:ancacutecpsychiatriccemergencyccharacterizedcbycviolentcbehavior,cmoodcswings,cand caclosscofcconnectionctocreality.
C:acpersistentcfeelingcofcsadness,cdespair,corchopelessnesscthatcincapaci- ctatescthecpatientcandcpreventschimcorchercfromcinteractingcsocially.
D:acchroniccmentalchealthcproblemcincwhichcthecpatientcexperiencescfrequentcthoughtscof csuicidecorcothercself-destructivecbehavior.:c** YoucselectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Thecdefinitioncofcacbehavioralccrisiscorcemergencyciscanycreactionctocancevent

**- A:determinecifcthecpatientciscbreathingcadequately.

B:administerconectubecofcoralcglucose.
C:administerchigh-flowcsupplementalcoxygen.
D:askcacfamilycmemberchowcthecpatientcnormallycacts.:c** YoucselectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Whenctreatingcacpatientcwithcancalteredcmentalcstatus,cyoucmustcfirstcen- csurecacpatentcairwaycandcdeterminecifcthecpatientciscbreathingcadequately.cIfcthecpatientciscbre athingcadequately,cadministercsupplementalcoxygencandccontinuecyourcassessment.cIfcthecpati entciscnotcbreathingcadequatelyc(ie,cfastcorcslowcrate,cshallowcbreathingc[reducedctidalcvolume] ),cassistchiscorchercventilations.cItciscimportantctocaskcacfamilycmember,cifcavailable,chowcthecpati entcnormallycacts;cthiscwillchelpcestablishcacbaseline.cBeforecadministeringcoralcglucose,cyoucs houldcassesscthecpatient'scbloodcglucoseclevelctocdeterminecifchypoglycemiacisctheccausecofchi scorchercproblemcandcthencdecidecifcthecpatientciscablectocswallowcthecglucose,cifcindicated.cIfcth ecpatientciscunablectocswallow,cdocnotcadministercoralcglucose,cevencifchecorcshecischypoglycemic .cRequestcacparamediccambulancecifcpossiblecsocthecpatientccancreceivecintravenouscglucose.

**Acpatientcwhocoverdosedconcmethamphetaminecwouldcbecexpectedctochave allcofcthecfollowingcclinicalcsigns,cEXCEPT:

A:agitation.
B:hypertension.
C:dilatedcpupils.
D:bradycardia.:c** YoucselectedcC;cTheccorrectcanswerciscD; Reason:Methamphetamine,cancupper,cstimulatesctheccentralcnervouscsystem,ccaus- cingcitctocreleasecexcessivecamountscofcadrenalinec(epinephrine).cEpinephrinecin- ccreasescheartcratecandcbloodcpressure;ctherefore,cthecpatientcwouldcexperiencectachycardiac andchypertension.cOthercsignscofcmethamphetaminecoverdose,cwhichcalsocindicatecancadren alinecsurge,cincludecpupillarycdilation,cagitation,candchyper- cthermia.cBradycardiacwouldcbecexpectedcincpatientscwhochavecoverdosedconcdrugscthatcsuppr ess,cnotcstimulate,ctheccentralcnervouscsystemc(eg,cnarcotics,cbenzodi- cazepines,cbarbiturates).

**Ac 50 - year- oldcwomancwithcachistorycofcepilepsyciscactivelycseizing.cCarecforcthiscpatientcshouldcfocusc primarilycon:

A:protectingchercfromcinjurycandcensuringcadequatecventilation.
B:administeringchigh-flowcoxygencandcrequestingcancALScambulance.
C:frequentlycsuctioningchercairwaycandccarefullycrestrainingcher.
D:placingcacbitecblockcincbetweenchercmolarscandcgivingchercoxygen.:c** You

selectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Seizurecdeathscarecmostcfrequentlycthecresultcofchypoxia.cWhencacpersonciscactivelycs eizing,checorcsheciscnotcbreathingcadequately.cYourcprimarycfocuscwhenctreatingcacseizurecpatie ntcisctocprotectchimcorchercfromcinjurycandctocensurecadequatecventilationcandcoxygenation.cMa nycseizingcpatientscrequirecassistedcventilation. Suctioncthecoropharynxconlycifcthecpatientchascsecretionscinchiscorchercmouth.cDocNOTcinsertcanyt hingcintocthecmouthcofcacseizingcpatient;cdoingcsocmayccausecancairwaycobstructioncorcdamage cthecsoftctissuescofcthecmouth,cresultingcincbleeding.cDocnotcattemptctocrestraincancactivelycseizi ngcpatient;cdoingcsocmaycresultcincmusculoskeletalcinjuries.cRequestcancALScambulancecpercyo urclocalcprotocols.

**Whencyoucarrivecatcacresidencecforcacmancwhocisc"notcactingcright,"cyoucentercthecho usecandcfindchimcsittingconchisccouch.cWhichcofcthecfollowingcfindingscwouldcbecMOSTci ndicativecofcancalteredcmentalcstatus?

A:Slurredcspeech.
B:Tiredcappearance.
C:Odorcofcalcohol.
D:Eyescarecclosed.:c** YoucselectedcA;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:Often,cancalteredcmentalcstatusccancbecdifficultctocassess,cespeciallycifcyoucdocnotcknowc howcthecpatientcnormallycacts.cHowever,ctherecareckeycfindingscthatcshouldcincreasecyourcindex cofcsuspicion.cAncabnormalcspeechcpattern,csuchcascslurringcorcincoherentcwords,ccancbecthecr esultcofcacdiabeticcproblem,calcoholcintoxication,corcdrugcingestion.cAllcofctheseccanccausecanc alteredcmentalcstatus.cThecodorcofcalcoholcsuggestscintoxicationcascacpotentialccausecofchiscpr oblem,cbutccannotcbecquantified.cJustcbecausecthecpatient'sceyescorcclosedcorchechascactiredca ppearancecdoescnotcnecessarilycindicatecthatchechascancalteredcmentalcstatus.

**Hypoxia- inducedcunresponsivenesscduringcacsubmersioncinjuryciscusuallycthecresultcof:

A:accardiaccdysrhythmia.
B:associatedchypothermia.
C:laryngospasm.
D:watercinctheclungs.:c** YoucselectedcC;cThiscisccorrect! Reason:cWhencacpatientcfallscintocthecwatercorcbecomescpanickedcwhencincthecwater,checorcsh ecbeginsctocswallowclargecamountscofcwater.cEvencacsmallcamountcofcwatercnearctheclarynxccanc causecacspasm,cwhichcclosescoffcthecairway.cThiscresultscinchypoxia,closscofcconsciousness,ca ndccardiaccdysrhythmias.cIfcthecpatientciscnot

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