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Nightingale Pathophysiology Midterm exam
questions with answers
The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnoses for this patient? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ cystic fibrosis Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ protect cells from injury If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse asses first? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ brain The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progressive dementia in the middle to later adulthood. To which disease is the nurse most likely referring? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Huntington's disease The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino
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\ 18 acid is called a: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Codon The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is called the disease: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Phenotype The condition that occurs when a zygote is missing in each cell is referred to as: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A "monosomy" The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis as: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Transcription The somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ An euploid cell Which is the chief function of ribosomes? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Protein synthesis A disease results in accumulation of lipids in the nerve cells of the brain: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Tay-Sachs disease
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\ 18 The nurse documents "tattooing and stippling" in a trauma patient. Which type of injury does the patient have? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Gunshot wounds When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document on the chart? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ an avulsion A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ T and B lymphocytes When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ arthralgia, anemia, and rash. Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Type 1 The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ neutrophils and macrophages
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\ 18 What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?
- ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the: - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ skin and mucous membranes Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Interferon What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Engulfment DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Thymus You are planning a community teaching event about systemic
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\ 18 weight, mental retardation, facial abnormalities) alleles at a given locus that are different from one another. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has: 21 (the karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome shows trisomy 21.) - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? Cytosine - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ When the clinician is discussing the DNA helix, which information should be included? In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with: Protect cells from injury - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function is to: the genetic code for all parts of the body. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ The geneticist is teaching a class that includes information about DNA. Which information should be included?
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\ 18 DNA contains: It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ What is the roll of plasmid in the inflammatory response cycle? Neisseria - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by: Serous - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few cells and little protein? Bacteria - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ While discussing the complement system, which information should the nurse include? The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by: Common variable immune deficiency - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A nurse wants to teach about the most common primary
10 \\\/ \ \\ 18 What term is used to describe cancer that extends to organs of tissue distant from the site of origin? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Metastasis What is the leading cause of death in developed countries? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Cancer What would you expect to occur when a patients cancer is caused by mutations of a proto-oncogene - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ increased cell division A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. Which condition should you asses for the patient? - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Infection invade surrounding tissues; they also grow rapidly and have a tendency to metastasize - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Malignant tumors have a tendency to: surviving in the bloodstream - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of:
11 \\\/ \ \\ 18 Primary cause of cervical cancer - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Human Papillomavirus (HPV) immunologic and inflammatory demyelination of central nervous system neurons. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ The development of sensory and motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis is caused by: bleeding between the dura mater and the brain - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ subdural hematomas: Stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Autonomic hyper reflexes is caused by: viral infection - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ What usually causes encephalitis? brain swelling - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Most forms of focal brain injury are associated with increased:
13 \\\/ \ \\ 18 Frontal - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Your patient's forehead his the steering wheel during a motor vehicle accident. Which part of the brain received the coup injury? transient ischemic attack - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Your patient has a brief episode of neurological deficits that resolves within 12 hours with a return to normal functioning. What diagnosis should you document on the chart? Concussion - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ What type of injury with the nurse prepare to care for when a patient has a diffuse brain injury? spinal shock - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient has a recent spinal cord injury. Which term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury/lesion? HIV neuropathy - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Your patient with HIV has painful burning dyseathesias and paresthesias, especially in the extremities. What condition will you document
14 \\\/ \ \\ 18 in the chart? Kernig - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ During your assessment of a patient with meningitis, you want to test for nuchal rigidity. Which test will you implement? Respiratory arrest - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ During a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis, a patient is in danger of: Compressive symptoms plus radicular pain and paresthesias - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ Irritative syndromes involve: extrude and compress the nerve root - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A herniated disk allows the gelatinous material (the nucleus pulposus) to: surviving in the bloodstream - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ An oncologist is discussing the process of metastasis. Which information should the oncologist include? For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of: is given after cancer surgery - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A
16 \\\/ \ \\ 18 tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient with cancer has poor muscle functioning and fatigue. Which cytokines/inflammatory mediators does the nurse suspect is causing these problems? A normal, nonmutant gene - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ The nurse is seeking information about proto-oncogenes. Through a reputable source the nurse learns that proto-oncogene is: Spondylolysis - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient with a vertebral disorder that involves structural defect (often hereditary) that causes forward displacement of the affected vertebra. Which diagnoses will the nurse observe documented on the chat? skull. By definition, an epidural hemorrhage is located outside ("epi" in Latin means "on top of") the dura mater. An epidural hemorrhage occurs between the dura mater and the skull. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient ruptured the middle
17 \\\/ \ \\ 18 meningeal artery, resulting in an epidural hemorrhage. The nurse realizes that in this type of intracranial hemorrhage; the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the: Prior brain atrophy - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ While reviewing a patient's health history, which finding would most alert the nurse to the possible development of a chronic subdural hematoma? hypertension and diabetes - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ The nurse on a neurological unit is caring for several patients. Which patient is at the highest risk for a cerebral vascular accident (stroke)? The patient with: Degeneration if myelin in the brain and spinal cord - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ ALS is caused by Check the patient's bladder. - ๐น CORRECT ANSWERS โโ A patient with a spinal cord injury (T6 level) reports a headache. The patients blood pressure is 296 systolic, and the patient is sweating. Which intervention is most appropriate?
