Sleep Studies: Questions and Answers for Students, Exams of Nursing

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⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ ⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ ⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

The purpose of an intentional mask leak is to... - correct answer ✔Wash out CO2 and prevent rebreathing

Recommended guidelines state that HSV can be considered when.... - correct answer ✔Cheyne Stokes and central Apneas have not been eliminated.

What is aerophagia? - correct answer ✔The swallowing of air

What is maxillomandibular advancement? - correct answer ✔Treatment that involves cutting and advancing the upper and lower jaw bones; enlarging and stabilizing the posterior airway.

What is the PRIMARY function of the EPAP setting? - correct answer ✔To eliminate desaturations and arousals.

According to guidelines, how many Hypopneas need to occur in peds pts prior to increasing

pressure? - correct answer ✔ 1

What are the AASM guidelines for supplemental O2 during PAP studies? - correct answer

✔1lmp during PAP titration when SPO2 is less than or equal to 88% for 5 or more minutes and in the absence of obstructive events.

If a pts Apneas are fixed at 10cm, but Hypopneas and snoring still occur at 16cm, what levels of BiLevel should be used? - correct answer ✔IPAP: 14

EPAP: 10

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

Which of the following can reduce the effectiveness of CPAP and why: Nasal spray, Alcohol,

Anti depressants. - correct answer ✔Alcohol: impairs arousal response which can lead to longer than normal events and severe desats. Inhibits upper airway activity

What syndrome would a pt with COPD and OSA have? - correct answer ✔Overlap syndrome

What are hypoxemia and hypercapnia? - correct answer ✔Hypoxemia: very low 02 in the blood

Hypercapnia: very high CO2 in the blood.

What would a patient with both hypoxemia and hypercapnia most likely be diagnosed with? - correct answer ✔Hypoventilation

What is an MWT's MOST important use? - correct answer ✔Measure patients ability to resist the urge to fall asleep

Tricyclic antidepressants, large amounts of caffeine and large amounts of chocolate have

been known to trigger what? - correct answer ✔REM sleep behavior disorder

Recommended impedance for eeg and eog - correct answer ✔5k ohms

The amount of space needed to archive digitized data is MOST impacted by? - correct answer ✔Sampling rate

Cortical activity is best described as - correct answer ✔Spontaneous arousal

Calculate the AHI based on the following data

25 obstructive apneas

5 central apneas

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

A breathing pattern characterized by at least three cycles of crescendo breathing with duration of at least 10 minutes is - correct answer ✔Cheyne Stokes respiration

An important responsibility of the scoring tech is to - correct answer ✔Confirm accuracy of report components

Which type of calibration is based on a series of patient instructions intended to verify the signal response and quality - correct answer ✔Physiological

The most important reason for performing a MWT is to - correct answer ✔Measure the patient's ability to resist the urge to fall asleep

The importance of selecting sampling rates according to RECOMMENDED guidelines is to -

correct answer ✔Minimize aliasing effect

The syndrome characterized by prolonged episodes of severe hypoxemia and associated

PaCO2 elevation that worsens during sleep is - correct answer ✔Obesity hypoventilation

The patient's medical history indicates the patient has been taking tricyclic antidepressants for the past 5 years. The technologist should anticipate that the patient may have an increased likelihood of - correct answer ✔REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

According to RECOMMENDED guidelines, the sampling rate to provide the optimal resolution

for recording EEG in a patient with suspected nocturnal seizure is - correct answer ✔500Hz

The electrode located 30% above the left pre-a crease is - correct answer ✔C

According to RECOMMENDED guidelines, four nap opportunities on a MSLT would be acceptable when the patient - correct answer ✔Had REM on at least two nap opportunities

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

A patient's history indicates a diagnosis of overlap syndrome. The tech can anticipate that the patient has - correct answer ✔COPD AND OSA

ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE

INCLUDED WHEN RECORDING PEDIATRIC PATIENTS - correct answer ✔END-TIDAL CO

THE ABILITY TO REMONTAGE WHILE RECORDING ON DIGITAL EQUIPMENT IS THE RESULT OF -

correct answer ✔SYSTEM REFERENCING

WHEN REVIEWING A PATIENT'S HISTORY IN PREPARATION FOR A POLYSOMNOGRAM,

PHYSIOLOGIC FINDINGS SUGGESTIVE OF HYPOVENTILATION INCLUDE - correct answer ✔HYPOXEMIA AND HYPERCAPNIA

WHEN THE AMPLITUDE OF A SIGNAL EXCEEDS THE PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS OF A CHANNEL

THE MOST IMPORTANT ADJUSTMENT THE TECH CAN MAKE TO OPTIMIZE WAVEFORM

DISPLAY IS TO - correct answer ✔DECREASE SENSITIVITY

WHEN INTERMITTENT 60 HZ ACTIVITY OCCURS IN THE F4-M1 ELECTRODES DURING REM

SLEEP THE BEST IMMEDIATE ACTION WOULD BE TO - correct answer ✔RELY ON F3-M

A PATIENT WITH MILD DEMENTIA BECOMES MORE CONFUSED AND/OR AGITATED IN THE

EARLY EVENING. THE PATIENT IS MOST LIKELY EXPERIENCING - correct answer ✔SUNDOWNING

THE MOST COMMON METHOD TO MONITOR BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION DURING

POLYSOMNOGRAPHY IS - correct answer ✔PULSE OXIMETRY

THE MOST APPROPRIATE ACTION A TECHNOLOGIST WOULD TAKE WHEN THERE IS

CONFIRMED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA GREATER THAN 30 SECONDS IS - correct answer ✔INITIATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, UNATTENDED PORTABLE MONITORING CAN BE

USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO IN LAB TESTING WHEN - correct answer ✔THERE IS A HIGH PROBABILITY OF MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA WITHOUT COMORBID CONDITIONS

A SELF REPORTING TOOL USED TO EVALUATE SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY AND DISTURBANCE

OVER THE PREVIOUS MONTH IS - correct answer ✔PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX

THE MOST APPROPRIATE SETTING A TECHNOLOGIST WOULD USE TO CONTROL THE

FREQUENCY BAND OF WAVEFORMS ON A RECORDING IS THE - correct answer ✔(LOW FILTER (HIGH PASS FILTER)

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN NEGATIVELY IMPACT ALL BIOELECTRIC CHANNELS - correct answer ✔CONTAMINATED M

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCES CAN REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PAP THERAPY

• correct answer ✔ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

A PATIENT THAT INTENTIONALLY ENGAGES IN BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS THAT ARE

INCONSISTENT WITH SLEEPING WELL IS DEMONSTRATING - correct answer ✔INADEQUATE SLEEP HYGIENE

WHAT IS THE BEST TOOL THAT A PHYSICIAN COULD USE TO MORE CLEARLY EXPLAIN THE

RESULTS OF THE SLEEP STUDY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THERAPY TO A PATIENT - correct answer ✔HISTOGRAM

REAL TIME ACCESS TO PAP COMPLIANCE DATA IS AN EXAMPLE OF - correct answer ✔EFFICACY MONITORING

A PROCESS TO DECREASE FEAR OF ARTIFICIAL CIRCUMSTANCES BY REPEATED AND

CONTROLLED EXPOSURE TO A FEARED SITUATION IS - correct answer ✔DESENSITIZATION

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

WHAT HAS THE LARGEST IMPACT ON ADHERENCE TO PAP THERAPY - correct answer

✔PATIENT EDUCATION

WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE REGARDING CPAP - correct answer ✔THERE IS ONE LEVEL OF PRESSURE FOR INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

SLEEP DEBT CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS THE - correct answer ✔CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP

ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR PEDIATRIC CPAP TITRATION, HOW MANY

HYPOPNEAS MUST OCCUR PRIOR TO INCREASING PRESSURE - correct answer ✔ONE

EXCESSIVE WARMING AND HUMIDIFICATION WILL CAUSE - correct answer ✔WATER TO POOL IN THE CPAP TUBING

MAXILLOMANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT TREATS OSA BY - correct answer ✔ENLARGING AND STABILIZING THE UPPER AIRWAY

IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING THE MOST COMMONLY SEEN

RESPONSE RESULTING FROM SUCCESSFUL PAP TITRATION IS - correct answer ✔REM AND SLOW WAVE REBOUND

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR DUE TO AN IMPROPERLY FITTING PAP

INTERFACE? - correct answer ✔CONJUNCTIVITIS

WHEN A PATIENT COMPLAINS OF CLAUSTROPHOBIA, IS UNABLE TO TOLERATE PAP AND

REQUESTS TO END THE PSG, THE NEXT BEST STEP IS TO - correct answer ✔SCHEDULE DESENSITIZATION

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

A SIDE EFFECT OF CPAP IS - correct answer ✔AEROPHAGIA

THE MOST COMMON REASON FOR CHANGING THE PAP INTERFACE DURING A TITRATION IS -

correct answer ✔UNACCEPTABLE LEAK VALUE

WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED STARTING PRESSURE FOR PEDIATRIC AND ADULT CPAP

TITRATION - correct answer ✔4 CMH2O

THE PURPOSE OF INTENTIONAL LEAK IS TO - correct answer ✔WASH OUT CO2 AND PREVENT REBREATHING

DURING CPAP TITRATION AT 10 CM H2O, SPO2, VALUES RANGE BETWEEN 80 AND 85% FOR

10 MIN DESPITE ABSENCE OF RESPIRATORY EVENTS. WHAT IS THE BEST ACTION FOR THE

TECH TO TAKE - correct answer ✔FOLLOW PROTOCOL FOR SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, ADAPTIVE SERVO VENTILATION CAN BE

CONSIDERED DURING A TITRATION STUDY WHEN A DOWN TITRATION - correct answer ✔HAS NOT ELIMINATED CHEYNE STOKES RESPIRATION OR CENTRAL EMERGENT APNEAS

DURING A TITRATION STUDY THE PATIENTS APNEAS ARE ELIMINATED AT 10 CM H2O BUT

HYPOPNEAS AND SNORING CONTINUE AT 16 CM H20. ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED

GUIDELINES, THE APPROPRIATE PRESSURES TO BEGIN A BILEVEL TITRATION ARE - correct answer ✔IPAP 10

EPAP 14

DURING A CPAP TITRATION AT 15 CM H20, THE PATIENT IS RESTLESS AND CONTINUES TO

HAVE FREQUENT OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY EVENTS. THE BEST ACTION IS TO - correct answer ✔CHANGE TO BI LEVEL

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

DC Channel - correct answer ✔PSG channel derived from an external piece of equipment such as a PAP device or oximeter.

Stray Capacitance - correct answer ✔When electrical signals from external sources interfere w/ signals derived from the pt.

Amperes are measured in what units? - correct answer ✔Coulombs/second

Time Axis - correct answer ✔Horizontal positioning of the pen.

Common Mode Rejection - correct answer ✔The process by which a differential amplifier rejects identical inputs (unwanted signals).

Mechanical Baseline - correct answer ✔Pen's vertical position when the power to the PSG is turned off.

Electrical Baseline - correct answer ✔The vertical positioning of the pen w/ power of PSG turned ON.

Capnometer - correct answer ✔A device used to measure the level of CO2 in a sample of air.

Frequency - correct answer ✔Measured in hertz(Hz) or cycles/second.

Paper Speed for PSG - correct answer ✔10 mm/sec

When a pt. looks towards an EOG electrode it causes what? - correct answer ✔A positive charge, or downward deflection.

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

What is the Narcoleptic Tetrad? - correct answer ✔Excessive daytime sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, cataplexy.

How is the mean sleep latency calculated? - correct answer ✔Sum of all latencies, divided by total# of naps.

During REM, inhibition of thermoregulatory mechanisms lead to what state? - correct answer

✔Poikilothermia.

What equation best expresses time constant? - correct answer ✔TC= C x R

TC=Time Constant

C= Capacitance

R= Resistance

What sleep stage requires at least 20% but no more than 50% of the epoch to consist of wave of 2 cps or slower w/amplitudes greater than 75 uV. - correct answer ✔Stage 3.

AN EPOCH THAT DOES NOT MEET THE CRITERIA FOR ACTIVE SLEEP OR QUITE SLEEP IS CALLED

WHAT? - correct answer ✔Intermediate Sleep

TRACE ALTERNANT PATTERN IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT STAGE OF SLEEP IN THE INFANT? -

correct answer ✔Quiet Sleep (NREM Sleep)

INFANT BREATHING PATTERNS THAT ALTERNATES REGULAR BREATHING WITH 5-10 SECONDS

OF APNEA? - correct answer ✔Periodic Breathing.

REM OCCUPIES WHAT PERCENTAGE OF SLEEP IN THE NEONATE AT TERM? - correct answer

✔50%.

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

A FUNCTION THAT EXPRESSES THE FREQUENCY OF EYE MOVEMENTS PER UNIT TIME DURING

SLEEP STAGE REM? - correct answer ✔REM Density.

KNOW AS THE PACEMAKER FOR MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS? - correct answer

✔Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN).

A COMPLAINT OF MORNING HEADACHES ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE SLEEP APNEA IS A

RESULT OF WHAT? - correct answer ✔Severe oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia (Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood).

Pre-Sleep Interviews - correct answer ✔conducted by sleep technicians who ask questions to clarify information and make careful observations of the patient such as, willingness to learn, mental age, physical limitations, etc.

Sleep Diary - correct answer ✔Patient keeps a record of sleep habits for 2 weeks preceding the test. The sleep diary generally has two components: Before Sleep and After Sleep.

Pre-sleep Questionnaire - correct answer ✔standardized form that reviews issues related to sleep, but tech asks additional questions for clarification, as needed. The questionnaire determines if the patient's preceding 24 hrs was normal for that individual.

Bed-Partner Questionnaires - correct answer ✔Filled out by the patient's bed partner (or roommate or parent in some cases) with the patient's permission. The partner typically is aware of snoring or periods of apnea even though the patient may not be aware.

Morning Questionnaire - correct answer ✔Takes place in the morning after PSG; May come in the form of a checklist, or the tech may ask specific questions regarding sleep quality,onset to sleep time,number of arousals,TST,Differences between sleeping at home and in lab, and Sleepiness upon awakening.-If pt reports sleep was very different from home, repeat PSG may be warranted.

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLT's) - correct answer ✔measure sleepiness during waking hours and the tendency of a person to fall asleep.-may diagnose narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia.

MSLT includes how many nap periods with first within 3 hours of nocturnal PSG, and then spaced at 2 hours after preceding nap. - correct answer ✔ 5

No smoking is allowed within _____ minutes of starting MSLT nap and no strenuous activity within ____ minutes of a nap. - correct answer ✔30;

Maintenance of Wakefulness Test - correct answer ✔determines patient's ability to stay awake in the daytime.

During MWT, patient is placed at rest, sitting in bed with low lights for ___ 40 minute periods spaced at 2 hours. - correct answer ✔ 4

Tracheostomy - correct answer ✔An opening directly into the trachea bypasses the obstruction and opens the airway, but it is invasive and can result in many complications, so it is rarely done.-can be blocked during waking hours and opened during sleep.-usued as last resort usually in elderly or morbidly obese, facial abnormalities etc

Higher Sampling Rates are needed to detect seizure activity in infant and child PSG'S. What sampling Rates for EOG AND EMG recordings during psg for seizure acivity? - correct answer ✔greater than or equal to 500 Hz for EOG and greater than or equal to 200 Hz for EMG recording.

Initiate Low-Flow Supplemental Oxygen at how many liters per minute when SpO2 falls below 85% on ambient room air. - correct answer ✔1 liter per minute

Monitor SpO2 carefully to ensure it increases to at least __% - correct answer ✔90%

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

Titrate oxygen by slowly increasing the flow rate by . liters per minute at a time until the SpO2 is 90% or more, but do not exceed 4 liters/min. without a physicians order. - correct answer ✔0.5 l/min.

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome occurs when the body mass index is __kg/m2 or more, resulting in impaired respirations,hypoxia, and hypercapnia during sleep. The obesity results in impairment of muscles of muscles of inspiration, restricting the thorax and causing hypoventilation, leading to hypercapnia. - correct answer ✔ 30

You should begin CPAP when the patient is ready for sleep and start it at the lowest setting, usually _ cm H20 and maintain the low pressure until the patient falls asleep. - correct answer ✔ 5

Increase Positive Airway Pressure during CPAP titration by _ cm h20 at a time, usually at 15 minute intervals, and observe effects, including changes in oxygen saturation, EEG,EMG, and

ECG. - correct answer ✔ 1

Ensure that the patient is in what body position during titration for part of the titration

period? - correct answer ✔supine

Respiratory Effort Related Arousal (RERA) - correct answer ✔Occurs when the airway narrows during sleep, usually indicated by snoring. Although the constricted airway does not result in apnea or hypopnea, it does cause a brief arousal.

For scoring of a RERA, there should be a sequence of respirations indicating increased respiratory effort or flattening of nasal pressure waveforms with a duration of ___ seconds or more. - correct answer ✔ 10

Hypoventilation - correct answer ✔based on PaCO2 scores on awakening and not on persistent desaturation.-the use of other sensors is not considered adequate to determine this.

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

Hypnagogic Foot Tremors are scored with a minimum of _ EMG bursts in the frequency range

of 0.3-4.0 Hz. - correct answer ✔ 4

Hypnagogic Foot Tremors have a frequency of .-. Hz. - correct answer ✔0.3-4.

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations - correct answer ✔periodic breathing characterized by periods of apnea, alternating with rapid respirations that increase in intensity and then decrease in a crescendo-decrescendo pattern.

What respirations are common before death or can occur with central nervous system

damage (ex: brain tumor), hyperventilation, and heart failure. - correct answer ✔Cheyne- Stokes

Criteria for scoring Cheyne-Stokes respirations includes _ or more consecutive cycles of crescendo-decrescendo pattern and one of the following:

1. Cycles that persist for 10 or more consecutive minutes
2. Five central apneas or central hypopneas PER HOUR of sleep. - correct answer ✔ 3

Rhythmic Movement Disorder - correct answer ✔very common in infants; beginning at about 6 months of age continuing until 2-3 years of age. -incidence after age 5 is rare unless pt has injury to the central nervous system.

often includes:

1. Rocking

2.Head Banging

3.Head Rolling

4.Leg Banging

5.Body Rolling

-These Movements may be accompanied by humming.

⪛⪴⪴⪷⪱⪘ ⪞⪴⪸εΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ⪛⪴⪴⪷ ⪱⪘⪞⪴⪸ε ΘΙΙμλΜιΙππππ ιΤΜΜτλμτΧ

Rhythmic Movement Disorder-scoring - correct answer ✔-often occurs in stage wake when the pt is very drowsy or during stage 1.

-clusters of 4 or more rhythmic movements.

-amplitude of each burst is double background EMG activity.

-minimum frequency of 0.5 Hz and maximum frequency of 2.0 Hz.

(Video Synchronized with PSG required for diagnosis).

Stage 3 non-REM Sleep - correct answer ✔-also referred to as Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) or Delta Sleep.

-Adolescents have higher percentage of this stage as it is the stage the growth hormone is produced.

-pt is easily aroused by external stimuli

Stage 3 - correct answer ✔20% of TST; Delta activity of 0.5-2 Hz; stage where parasomnias such as, sleep walking, enuresis, and night terrors occur.

This is an example of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration - correct answer ✔

Example of Central Apnea - correct answer ✔

Example of Hypopnea - correct answer ✔

Example of Obstructive Apnea - correct answer ✔

Pediatric RERAs must be scored with adequate ______ or nasal pressure signals. - correct answer ✔esophageal