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NBME |! Anatomy |! Shelf |! Exam |! with |! precise |!
answers
Where |! does |! the |! needle |! enter |! in |! a |! LP? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Subarachnoid |! space What |! level |! is |! LP |! performed |! at? |! What |! is |! a |! good |! landmark? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔L3/L4 |! or |! L4/L5. |! Iliac |! crests What |! nerve |! root |! do |! herniated |! IV |! discs |! involve? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Lumbar |! region |! -- |! one |! below! Kyphosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Exaggerated |! thoracic |! curvature Lordosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Exaggerated |! lumbar |! curvature What |! nerve/artery |! can |! be |! involved |! in |! a |! surgical |! humeral |! neck |! fx? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Axillary |! n Posterior |! humeral |! circumflex |! a What |! nerve/artery |! can |! be |! involved |! in |! a |! midshaft |! humerus |! fracture? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Radial |! n Profunda |! brachii |! a
What |! nerve/artery |! can |! be |! involved |! in |! a |! supracondylar |! humerus |! fx? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Median |! n Brachial |! a What |! nerve |! can |! be |! involved |! in |! a |! medial |! epicondyle |! humerus |! fx? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ulnar |! n Smith's |! fracture |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Fall |! or |! blow |! on |! dorsal |! aspect |! of |! flexed |! wrist Ventral |! angulation Distal |! fragment |! is |! anteriorly |! displaced Colles' |! fracture |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Forced |! extension |! of |! hand Distal |! fragment |! is |! displaced |! dorsally Dinner |! fork |! deformity When |! does |! scaphoid |! fracture |! occur? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Fall |! onto |! palm |! with |! hand |! abducted What |! are |! the |! rotator |! cuff |! muscles? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres |! minor Subscapularis
What |! arteries |! form |! anastomoses |! that |! can |! help |! bypass |! a |! blockage |! of |! subclavian |! or |! axillary |! artery? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Branches |! of |! thyrocervical |! and |! subscapular |! aa: -transverse |! cervical |! a -suprascapular |! a -subscapular |! a -circumflex |! scapular |! a Contents |! of |! AC |! fossa |! (lateral |! to |! medial) Subcutaneous |! structures |! (lateral |! to |! medial) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔CONTENTS: -Biceps |! brachii |! tendon -Brachial |! a -Median |! n SUBCUTANEOUS: -Cephalic |! v -median |! cubital |! v -basilic |! v What |! nerve |! is |! indicated |! in |! carpal |! tunnel |! syndrome? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔median |! n Erb-Duchenne |! palsy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Injury |! to |! upper |! part |! of |! brachial |! plexus
Increase |! in |! angle |! b/w |! neck |! and |! shoulder Results |! in |! "waiter's |! tip" |! hand -adducted |! shoulder -medially |! rotated |! arm -extended |! elbow -loss |! of |! sensation |! in |! lateral |! aspect |! of |! uper |! limb Klumpke's |! palsy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Injury |! to |! lower |! portion |! of |! brachial |! plexus Upper |! limb |! pulled |! superiorly Intrinsic |! mm |! of |! hand |! affected Ulnar |! n |! - |! claw |! hand Median |! n |! - |! ape |! hand Injury |! to |! ulnar |! n |! leads |! to |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Claw |! hand |! deformity Injury |! to |! median |! n |! leads |! to |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ape |! hand |! deformity Look |! at |! picture |! dorsum |! of |! hand |! cutaneous |! inn |! on |! desktop: -blue -pink -orange |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔blue |! = |! ulnar pink |! = |! radial orange |! = |! median
Medial |! ligament |! avulses |! medial |! malleolus |! or |! medial |! ligament |! tears |! and |! fibula |! fractures |! higher Forced |! inversion |! of |! ankle |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Avulses |! the |! lateral |! malleolus |! of |! fibular |! or |! tears |! lateral |! ligament What |! does |! ankle |! jerk |! reflex |! test? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Spinal |! nerve |! S1-S Injury |! to |! sciatic |! n |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Weakened |! hip |! extension |! and |! knee |! flexion Foot |! drop Superior |! gluteal |! n |! injury |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Paralysis |! of |! gluteus |! medius |! and |! minimus Pelvic |! drops |! when |! walking |! contralateral |! side Inferior |! gluteal |! n |! injury |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Paralysis |! of |! gluteus |! maximus Most |! noticeable |! when |! standing |! from |! seated |! position What |! are |! the |! hamstring |! muscles? Action? Nerve |! supply? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! Biceps |! femoris
- |! Semitendinosus
- |! Semimembranosus
Action: |! extension |! of |! hip, |! flexion |! of |! knee Nerve: |! Tibial |! n |! EXCEPT: |! short |! head |! of |! biceps |! femoris |! = |! common |! fibular |! n What |! is |! enclosed |! in |! the |! femoral |! sheath? |! (lateral |! to |! medial) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-artery -vein -canal Femoral |! hernia |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔passes |! THROUGH |! femoral |! ring BELOW |! inguinal |! ligament Triceps |! surae |! muscle |! = |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Gastrocnemius |! + |! soleus Injury |! to |! tibial |! n |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Loss |! of |! plantar |! flexion |! of |! foot Weakened |! inversion Injury |! to |! common |! fibular |! n |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Frequently |! caused |! by |! fracture |! of |! the |! fibular |! neck! FOOT |! DROP!
-Passes |! through |! deep |! inguinal |! ring |! LATERAL |! to |! inferior |! epigastric |! vessels -Patent |! processus |! vaginalis Direct |! inguinal |! hernia |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Older |! men -Abdominal |! contents |! protrude |! through |! weakness |! in |! wall |! MEDIAL |! to |! epigastric |! vessels Portal |! triad |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bile |! duct Portal |! vein Proper |! hepatic |! a Epiploic |! (Winslow's) |! Foramen |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! Anteriorly: |! free |! border |! of |! the |! Hepatoduodenal |! ligament |! containing |! portal |! triad |! (DVA)
- |! Posteriorly: |! IVC
- |! Superiorly: |! Caudate |! lobe |! of |! the |! liver
- |! Inferiorly: |! 1st |! part |! of |! the |! duodenum What |! is |! the |! most |! common |! location |! of |! a |! pelvic |! abscess? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Rectouterine |! pouch Foregut |! organs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Esophagus Stomach Duodenum |! (2/5) Liver
Pancreas Gallbladder Midgut |! organs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Distal |! 3/5 |! of |! duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum Ascending |! colon Transverse |! colon |! (proximal |! 2/3) Hindgut |! organs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Transverse |! colon |! (distal |! 1/3) Descending |! colon Sigmoid |! colon Rectum Foregut -Artery -Parasympathetic |! innervation -Sympathetic |! innervation |! -Sensory |! innervation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-celiac |! a -vagus |! n -pregang |! = |! greater |! splanchnic |! nn, |! T5-T9; |! postgang |! = |! celiac |! ganglion -dorsal |! root |! ganglion |! T5-T
Features |! of |! large |! intestine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔teniae |! coli, |! haustra, |! epiploic |! appendages Vovulus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Small |! intestine |! and |! sigmoid |! colon |! sometimes |! rotates |! around |! its |! mesentery Can |! cut |! off |! blood |! supply Hirschsprung |! disease |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Congenital |! abnormality Failure |! to |! pass |! meconium |! stool |! within |! 1-2 |! days |! after |! birth! Branches |! of |! abdominal |! aorta |! (vertebral |! levels) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-celiac |! trunk |! = |! T -SMA |! = |! L -renal |! aa |! = |! L -IMA |! = |! L -common |! iliac |! aa |! = |! L What |! does |! CA |! divide |! into? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-L |! gastric |! a |! -common |! hepatic |! a -splenic |! a SMA |! branches |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Inferior |! pancreaticoduodenal Jejunal/ileal |! branches
ileocolic |! a R |! colic |! a middle |! colic |! a IMA |! branches |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔L |! colic |! a Sigmoid |! aa Superior |! rectal |! a Abdominal |! Aortic |! Aneurysm |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Dilation |! of |! the |! aorta Typically |! just |! above |! bifurcation |! at |! level |! of |! L Biliary |! system |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Liver: |! secretes |! bile Gallbladder: |! stores/concentrates |! bile Duodenum: |! receives |! bile |! at |! the |! major |! duodenal |! papilla What |! is |! the |! most |! common |! site |! for |! impaction |! of |! gallstones? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Distal |! end |! of |! hepatopancreatic |! ampulla (narrowest |! part!) Sensory |! innervation |! of |! the |! liver? |! Pain |! radiation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔R |! phrenic |! n |! (C3-C5) Pain |! may |! radiate |! to |! R |! shoulder Parasympathetic |! innervation |! of |! liver |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Vagus |! nn
-above |! pectinate |! line -below |! pectinate |! line |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Above |! = |! superior |! rectal |! v |! into |! portal |! system Below |! = |! inferior |! rectal |! v |! into |! IVC What |! type |! of |! hemorrhoids |! are |! painful? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔External! Because |! supplied |! by |! visceral |! afferent |! fibers Contents |! of |! deep |! perineal |! pouch |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sphincter |! urethrae |! m Deep |! transverse |! perineal |! m Bulbourethral |! glands |! (MALES) Contents |! of |! superficial |! perineal |! pouchy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ischeocavernosus |! m bulbospongiosus |! m superficial |! transverse |! perineal Where |! does |! urine |! leak |! from |! rupture |! of |! spongy |! urethra? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Superficial |! perineal |! pouch What |! innervates |! internal |! urethral |! sphincter? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sympathetic |! innervation because |! smooth |! mm
What |! innervates |! external |! urethral |! sphincter? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Pudendal |! n Hydrocele |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Patent |! processus |! vaginalis Transilluminates Cryptorchism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Undescended |! testes! Lymphatic |! drainage |! of |! testis/epididymis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Lumbar |! lymph |! nodes Lymphatic |! drainage |! of |! scrotum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔superficial |! inguinal |! nodes Lymphatic |! drainage |! of |! penis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Skin |! = |! superficial |! inguinal Glans |! = |! deep |! inguinal Body/roots |! = |! internal |! iliac |! nodes Lymphatic |! drainage |! of |! prostate |! gland/bladder |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Internal |! iliac Lymphatic |! drainage |! of |! anal |! canal |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Above |! pectinate |! line |! = |! internal |! iliac Below |! pectinate |! line |! = |! superficial |! inguinal
Most |! common |! site |! of |! epistaxis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Anterior |! nasal |! septum Kisselbach's |! area Gag |! reflex |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Afferent |! = |! CN |! IX Efferent |! = |! CNX Oculomotor |! n |! palsy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Ptosis -Dilated |! pupil -"down |! and |! out" |! eye Trochlear |! n |! palsy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Pupil |! looks |! superio-laterally Diplopia |! when |! looking |! down! |! Compensates |! by |! tilting |! head Abducens |! nerve |! palsy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Fully |! adducted |! eye Corneal |! reflex |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Afferent |! = |! CN |! V Efferent |! = |! CN |! VII Median |! cervical |! cyst |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Remnant |! of |! thyroglossa |! duct What |! mm |! abducts |! the |! vocal |! folds? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Posterior |! cricoarytenoid
superior |! laryngeal |! nerve |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔branch |! of |! the |! vagus, |! divides |! into |! internal |! and |! external |! laryngeal |! nerves Internal |! laryngeal |! n |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sensory |! to |! larynx |! above |! vocal |! folds external |! laryngeal |! nerve |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔motor |! to |! cricothyroid |! muscle recurrent |! laryngeal |! nerve |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Branch |! of |! vagus |! n Supples |! all |! mm |! of |! larynx |! (except |! cricothyroid) |! Sensory |! to |! larynx |! below |! vocal |! fold Hip |! abductors |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Gluteus |! medius, |! gluteus |! minimus Hip |! adductors |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Adductor |! magnus, |! adductor |! longus, |! adductor |! brevis Hip |! extensors |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Gluteus |! maximus, |! semitendinosus, |! semimembranosus Hip |! flexors |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Iliopsoas, |! rectus |! femoris, |! tensor |! fascia |! lata, |! pectineus, |! sartoriu
