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MS2 Final Exam with accurate detailed solutions, Exams of Medicine

Southwest Virginia Community CollegeMedicine

MS2 Final Exam with accurate detailed solutions

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/07/2025

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MS2 |! Final |! Exam |! with |! accurate |!
detailed |! solutions
Left |! sided |! heart |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! most |! common |! form |!
- |! impaired |! ability |! to |! fill |! during |! diastole |! (diastolic |! failure) |! or |! impaired |!
ability |! to |! empty |! adequately |! (systolic |! failure), |! or |! a |! combination
Systolic |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! measured |! by |! left |! ventricular |! ejection |!
fraction |! (LVEF |! - |! how |! much |! blood |! is |! being |! pumped |! out |! of |! the |! LV |! w |! each |!
contraction) |!
- |! normal |! LVEF |! 55-60% |!
- |! low |! LVEF |! = |! blood |! backs |! up |! into |! lungs
Diastolic |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! low |! LVEF |! = |! blood |! backs |! up |! into |!
lungs
Right |! sided |! heart |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! usually |! the |! result |! of |! LV |! HF |!
- |! when |! RV |! pumping |! function |! is |! compromised, |! fluid |! backs |! up |! into |! the |!
venous |! system |! causing |! JVD, |! peripheral |! edema, |! hepatomegaly, |! abdominal |!
ascites
Left |! sided |! HF |! S/S |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! pulmonary |! congestion |!
- |! dyspnea, |! tachypnea |!
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MS2 |! Final |! Exam |! with |! accurate |!

detailed |! solutions

Left |! sided |! heart |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! most |! common |! form |!

  • |! impaired |! ability |! to |! fill |! during |! diastole |! (diastolic |! failure) |! or |! impaired |! ability |! to |! empty |! adequately |! (systolic |! failure), |! or |! a |! combination Systolic |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! measured |! by |! left |! ventricular |! ejection |! fraction |! (LVEF |! - |! how |! much |! blood |! is |! being |! pumped |! out |! of |! the |! LV |! w |! each |! contraction) |!
  • |! normal |! LVEF |! 55-60% |!
  • |! low |! LVEF |! = |! blood |! backs |! up |! into |! lungs Diastolic |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! low |! LVEF |! = |! blood |! backs |! up |! into |! lungs Right |! sided |! heart |! failure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! usually |! the |! result |! of |! LV |! HF |!
  • |! when |! RV |! pumping |! function |! is |! compromised, |! fluid |! backs |! up |! into |! the |! venous |! system |! causing |! JVD, |! peripheral |! edema, |! hepatomegaly, |! abdominal |! ascites Left |! sided |! HF |! S/S |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! pulmonary |! congestion |!
  • |! dyspnea, |! tachypnea |!
  • |! paroxysmal |! nocturnal |! dyspnea |!
  • |! crackles |! on |! auscultation |!
  • |! cough |!
  • |! increased |! BP |! from |! fluid |! volume |! excess |!
  • |! decreased |! BP |! from |! pump |! failure Right |! sided |! HF |! S/S |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! venous |! fluid |! backup |!
  • |! edema: |! dependent |! (legs); |! abdominal, |! sacral |!
  • |! JVD
  • |! hepatomegaly/splenomegaly |!
  • |! increased |! BP |! from |! fluid |! volume |! excess |!
  • |! decreased |! BP |! from |! pump |! failure Chronic |! HF |! S/S |! (FACES) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! Fatigue |!
  • |! limitation |! of |! Activities
  • |! Chest |! congestion/Cough |!
  • |! Edema
  • |! Shortness |! of |! breath |! (dyspnea, |! orthopnea, |! paroxysmal |! nocturnal |! dyspnea) HF |! nursing |! assessment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! skin |! color |! & |! temp |!
  • |! edema
  • |! RR |! & |! lung |! sounds |!
  • |! frothy, |! blood-tinged |! sputum |!
  • |! causes: |! SA |! nodal |! disease, |! acute |! MI, |! increased |! vagal |! tone, |! hypothermia, |! meds
  • |! S/S: |! lightheadedness, |! fatigue, |! chest |! pain, |! SOB
  • |! Tx: |! oxygen, |! atropine, |! &/or |! transcutaneous |! pacing Sinus |! arrhythmia |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 60-100 |! bpm, |! irreg |! rhythm |! (shortens |! w |! inspiration, |! lengthens |! w |! expiration) |!
  • |! all |! waves |! present Sinus |! arrest |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 60-100 |! bpm |! (but |! varies), |! irreg |! rhythm |! (DROP |! > |! 1 |! PQRST) |!
  • |! causes: |! drugs |! (dig, |! quinidine, |! salicylate), |! CAD, |! rheumatic |! heart |! disease, |! myocarditis, |! acute |! MI |!
  • |! S/S: |! lightheadedness, |! dizziness, |! syncope |!
  • |! Tx: |! none |! if |! asymptomatic, |! atropine |! if |! hemodynamic |! compromise, |! permanent |! pacemaker |! if |! frequent Premature |! atrial |! complexes |! (PACs) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! normal |! rate, |! reg |! rhythm |!
  • |! extra |! atrial |! beat Supraventricular |! tachycardia |! (SVT) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 150-250 |! bpm, |! reg |! rhythm |!
  • |! "atrial |! tachycardia"
  • |! narrow |! QRS |! complex |! < |! 0.10 |! sec
  • |! causes: |! normal |! in |! healthy |! persons, |! physical/psychological |! stress, |! excessive |! use |! of |! caffeine/nicotine/stimulant, |! hypoxia, |! CAD |! after |! MI |!
  • |! S/S: |! "racing |! heart," |! severe |! anxiety, |! hypotension |!
  • |! Tx: |! if |! stable |! but |! symptomatic-oxygen, |! IV |! fluids, |! adenosine, |! sedation |! & |! synchronized |! cardioversion; |! if |! unstable-oxygen, |! IV |! fluids, |! synchronized |! cardioversion Atrial |! flutter |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 250-350 |! bpm, |! atrial |! rhythm |! reg, |! ventricular |! rhythm |! reg |! or |! irreg |!
  • |! P |! waves |! SAW-TOOTHED |! "flutter |! waves" |!
  • |! QRS |! complex |! usually |! narrow |! (0.10 |! sec) |! but |! may |! widen Atrial |! fibrillation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! > |! 350-400 |! bpm, |! irreg |! rhythm |!
  • |! P |! WAVES |! NOT |! IDENTIFIABLE |!
  • |! QRS |! complex |! < |! 0.10 |! sec |! (narrow) Junctional |! escape |! rhythm |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 40-60 |! bpm, |! reg |! rhythm |!
  • |! INVERTED |! P |! WAVES |! or |! absent |! bc |! merged |! w |! QRS |! complex |!
  • |! PR |! interval |! < |! 0.12 |! sec |! (narrow) |!
  • |! QRS |! complex |! < |! 0.10 |! sec |! (narrow) |!
  • |! causes: |! dig |! toxicity, |! acute |! MI, |! ischemia, |! hypoxia, |! valve |! surgery |!
  • |! S/S: |! none; |! signs |! of |! decreased |! CO |! & |! loss |! of |! atrial |! kick |!
  • |! Tx: |! none; |! oxygen, |! atropine, |! temporary |! or |! permanent |! pacemaker
  • |! Tx: |! stable-oxygen, |! amiodarone/lidocaine; |! unstable-synchronized |! cardioversion, |! CPR |! if |! pulseless Polymorphic |! ventricular |! tachycardia |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! no |! atrial |! rate, |! ventricular |! rate |! 150-250 |! bpm, |! atrial |! rhythm |! not |! discernible, |! ventricular |! rhythm |! reg/irreg
  • |! NO |! P |! WAVES |!
  • |! wide |! QRS |! > |! 0.12 |! sec |!
  • |! GRADUAL |! ALTERATION |! IN |! AMPLITUDE |! & |! DIRECTION |! OF |! QRS Ventricular |! fibrillation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! cannot |! determine |! rate, |! rhythm |! rapid |! & |! chaotic |! w |! no |! regularity
  • |! P, |! PR |! interval, |! QRS |! complex |! not |! discernible |!
  • |! causes: |! acute |! MI, |! untreated |! v-tach, |! hypothermia, |! electrolyte |! imbalance
  • |! S/S: |! pulseless, |! apneic |!
  • |! Tx: |! DEFIB |! VFIB, |! CPR, |! intubation, |! epinephrine Asystole |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! no |! rate, |! no |! rhythm |!
  • |! no |! P |! waves
  • |! no |! QRS |! complex 1st |! degree |! heart |! block |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! reg |! rhythm |!
  • |! PR |! interval |! > |! .2 |! seconds |! (wide) |!
  • |! QRS |! usually |! normal |!
  • |! "if |! the |! R |! is |! far |! from |! P, |! then |! you |! have |! a |! FIRST |! DEGREE" 2nd |! degree |! heart |! block |! Type |! 1 |! - |! Wenkebach |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! PR |! interval |! gets |! longer |! and |! longer |!
  • |! 1 |! QRS |! drop |!
  • |! "longer, |! longer, |! longer, |! drop! |! Then |! you |! have |! a |! WENKEBACH" 2nd |! degree |! heart |! block |! Type |! 2 |! - |! Mobitz |! II |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! P |! waves |! present |!
  • |! PR |! interval |! roughly |! same |! length |! each |! time |!
  • |! dropped |! QRS |! complex
  • |! "if |! some |! Ps |! don't |! get |! through, |! then |! you |! have |! MOBITZ |! II" 3rd |! degree |! heart |! block |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! regular |! rhythm |!
  • |! atria |! & |! ventricles |! depolarizing |! independently |!
  • |! no |! association |! between |! P |! & |! QRS |!
  • |! more |! Ps |! then |! QRS's |!
  • |! "if |! Ps |! and |! Qs |! don't |! agree, |! then |! you |! have |! a |! THIRD |! DEGREE" Failure |! to |! capture |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! pacer |! delivers |! a |! stimulus |! at |! the |! appropriate |! time |! but |! no |! depolarization |! occurs
  • |! no |! P |! or |! QRS |! wave |! after |! pacer |! spike
  • |! dose: |! for |! pulseless |! VT/VF |! = |! 300mg |! IV/IO |! push |! -> |! (if |! no |! conversion) |! 150mg |! IV/IO |! push |! -> |! (after |! conversion) |! infuse |! 1mg/min |! over |! 6 |! hrs, |! then |! 0.5 |! mg/min |! over |! 18 |! hrs Epinephrine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! vasoconstrictor |! (improves |! blood |! flow |! to |! brain |! & |! heart) |!
  • |! increases |! CO |! by |! increasing |! HR, |! contractility, |! conduction |! through |! AV |! node |!
  • |! dose: |! for |! bradycardia |! = |! 1mg |! in |! 500mL |! NS |! or |! D5W, |! infusion |! should |! run |! at |! 2-10mcg/min |! (titrated |! to |! effect); |! for |! pulseless |! VT/VF |! = |! IV |! push/IO |! 1mg |! every |! 3-5 |! minutes Lidocaine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! blocks |! sodium |! channels, |! decreasing |! the |! rate |! of |! contractions |! of |! the |! heart |!
  • |! seen |! w |! amiodarone |!
  • |! dose: |! 1st |! = |! 1.0-1.5mg/kg |! IV/IO; |! 2nd |! = |! 0.5-0.75mg/kg |! IV/IO Hospital |! acquired |! infections |! (HAI) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! c. |! diff: |! spread |! mainly |! by |! hand-to-hand |! contact |! - |! pts |! taking |! multiple |! abx |! most |! at |! risk |!
  • |! drug |! resistant |! infections |! - |! VRE, |! MRSA, |! TB, |! CRE which |! abx |! is |! known |! for |! causing |! acute |! kidney |! injury? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! aminoglycoside |! abx |!
  • |! neomycin |! (high |! toxicity), |! gentamicin, |! tobramycin, |! amikacin, |! streptomycin |! (low |! toxicity)

HIV |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔retrovirus |! that |! causes |! immunosuppression |! --> |! making |! people |! more |! susceptible |! to |! infections HIV |! transmission |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! blood: |! sharing |! drug-using |! paraphernalia, |! puncture |! wounds |!

  • |! perinatal: |! during |! pregnancy, |! delivery, |! or |! breastfeeding; |! tx |! reduces |! risk |! of |! transmission |!
  • |! MOST |! COMMON |! mode |! of |! transmission |! is |! UNPROTECTED |! SEX: |! prolonged |! contact |! w |! infected |! fluids, |! being |! a |! woman, |! & |! trauma |! are |! at |! GREATEST |! RISK HIV |! clinical |! manifestations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! acute |! infection: |! fever, |! swollen |! lymph |! nodes, |! sore |! throat, |! HA, |! malaise, |! nausea, |! muscle/joint |! pain, |! diarrhea, |! &/or |! a |! diffuse |! rash |! (occurs |! about |! 2-4 |! weeks |! after |! infection, |! highly |! infectious) |!
  • |! asymptomatic |! infection: |! if |! left |! untreated-AIDS |! diagnosis |! may |! not |! be |! made |! for |! years |! after |! initial |! HIV |! infection; |! people |! are |! typically |! asymptomatic |! or |! have |! limited |! signs |! of |! infection; |! high |! risk |! behaviors |! may |! continue |!
  • |! symptomatic |! infection: |! CD4 |! T |! cells |! decline |! closer |! to |! 200 |! cells/uL- persistent |! fever, |! frequent |! night |! sweats, |! chronic |! diarrhea, |! recurrent |! HAs, |! severe |! fatigue; |! shingles, |! persistent |! vaginal |! candida |! infections, |! oral |! or |! genital |! herpes, |! bacterial |! infections, |! Kaposi |! sarcoma HIV |! complication |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acquired |! Immunodeficiency |! Syndrome |! (AIDS) |!
  • |! diagnostic |! criteria |! is |! established |! by |! CDC |!

Skin |! cancer |! diagnostic |! tests |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! dermoscopy: |! examination |! of |! skin |! lesions |! w |! dermatoscope |!

  • |! incisional |! biopsy: |! remove |! entire |! area |! of |! abnormal |! skin |! & |! some |! normal |! skin |!
  • |! Breslow |! measurement: |! section |! of |! tumor |! w |! deepest |! penetration |!
  • |! Clark |! level: |! layer |! tumor |! extended |! into Tumor |! classification |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! classified |! by |! anatomic |! site, |! histology, |! extent |! of |! disease |!
  • |! 0: |! cancer |! in |! situ
  • |! I: |! tumor |! limited |! to |! tissue |! of |! origin, |! localized |! tumor |! growth |!
  • |! II: |! limited |! local |! spread |!
  • |! III: |! extensive |! local |! & |! regional |! spread |!
  • |! IV: |! metastasis |!
  • |! TNM |! classification |! system: |! tumor |! size |! & |! invasiveness |! (T), |! spread |! to |! lymph |! nodes |! (N), |! & |! metastasis |! (M) Breast |! self |! examination |! (BSE) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! 1 |! in |! 8 |! women |! will |! develop |! breast |! cancer |!
  • |! 40% |! of |! diagnosed |! breast |! cancers |! are |! detected |! by |! BSE |!
  • |! performed |! 1x |! a |! month, |! 1 |! week |! after |! menses |!
  • |! performed |! in |! the |! shower, |! in |! front |! of |! mirror, |! or |! laying |! down |!
  • |! mammogram |! screening |! starts |! at |! age |! 40

Testicular |! self-exam |! (TSE) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! should |! be |! done |! once |! a |! month |! when |! reaching |! puberty Prostate |! cancer |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! screening |! starts |! at |! age |! 50 |! for |! those |! w |! average |! risk |!

  • |! African |! American |! men |! are |! more |! likely |! to |! get |! prostate |! cancer, |! twice |! as |! likely |! to |! die |! from |! it, |! get |! prostate |! cancer |! at |! a |! young |! age, |! & |! tends |! to |! be |! more |! severe Cervical |! cancer |! screening |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! start |! getting |! pap |! at |! 21 |! years |! old. |! if |! normal, |! can |! wait |! 3 |! years |! till |! next |! test |!
  • |! age |! 30-65: |! if |! HPV |! test |! & |! pap |! test |! normal, |! can |! wait |! 5 |! years |! till |! next |! test Lung |! cancer |! screening |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! yearly |! screening |! if |! you |! have |! a |! hx |! of |! heavy |! smoking |! & |! smoke |! now |! or |! have |! quit |! w/in |! 15 |! years |! & |! are |! between |! 55-80 |! years |! old |!
  • |! heavy |! smoking |! = |! more |! than |! 30 |! packs |! per |! year Shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔syndrome |! characterized |! by |! decreased |! tissue |! perfusion |! & |! impaired |! cellular |! metabolism; |! imbalance |! in |! supply/demand |! for |! O2 |! & |! nutrients |!
  • |! MAP |! = |! 60-
  • |! CVP |! = |! 2-8 |!
  • |! PAWP |! = |! 8- Types |! of |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! cardiogenic |! shock |!

Neurogenic |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! causes: |! spinal |! cord |! injury |! above |! T6, |! spinal |! anesthesia, |! drugs |! that |! affect |! ANS |! & |! SNS |!

  • |! LOSS |! OF |! VASOMOTOR |! TONE, |! because |! PNS |! & |! SNS |! firing |! at |! same |! time |! --> |! loss |! of |! SNS |! innervation, |! so |! PNS |! takes |! over |! --> |! bradycardia
  • |! S/S: |! hypotension, |! bradycardia, |! pooling |! blood |! in |! vessels, |! hypothermia, |! poikilothermia, |! warm |! & |! dry |! extremities, |! cold |! body
  • |! Tx: |! spinal |! stability, |! (1) |! fluid |! resuscitation |! w |! isotonic |! crystalloids |! (NSS, |! LRs) |! (USED |! W |! CAUTION |! BC |! NO |! FLUID |! LOSS), |! (2) |! dopamine |! (positive |! inotropic |! agent, |! (3) |! phenylephrine |! (vasoconstrictor), |! (4) |! atropine |! (increases |! HR)
  • |! REWARM |! PT |! BC |! BLOOD |! POOLED |! & |! COOLED Anaphylactic |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! causes: |! allergen |! --> |! release |! of |! histamine |! --> |! vasodilation, |! bronchoconstriction, |! tachycardia, |! increased |! capillary |! permeability |!
  • |! SEVERE |! ALLERGIC |! RX
  • |! S/S: |! anxiety, |! confusion, |! chest |! pain, |! tachycardia, |! hypotension, |! wheezing, |! stridor, |! dyspnea, |! cough, |! swelling |! of |! lips |! & |! tongue, |! pruritis, |! hives
  • |! Tx: |! (1) |! fluid |! resuscitation |! w |! isotonic |! crystalloids |! (NSS, |! LRs), |! (2) |! epinephrine |! (vasoconstrictor), |! (3) |! diphenhydramine |! & |! ranitidine |! (antihistamine) Septic |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! causes: |! invasion |! of |! bacteria, |! virus, |! parasite, |! or |! fungus |! --> |! sepsis |! (systemic |! inflammatory |! response) |! --> |! septic |! shock |! (organ |! failure) |!
  • |! S/S: |! increased |! coagulation |! & |! inflammation, |! decreased |! fibrinolysis, |! formation |! of |! microthrombi, |! microvasculature |! obstruction, |! hypotension, |! tachycardia, |! tachypnea/hyperventilation |! -> |! resp. |! alkalosis, |! oliguria
  • |! Tx: |! (1) |! fluid |! resuscitation |! w |! isotonic |! crystalloids |! (NSS, |! LRs), |! (2) |! norepi |! (vasoconstrictor), |! (3) |! IV |! corticosteroids
  • |! cultures |! BEFORE |! abx
  • |! broad-spectrum |! abx |! used |! 1st
  • |! keep |! glucose |! < |! 180 Treatment |! for |! ALL |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! supplemental |! oxygen/mechanical |! ventilation |!
  • |! enteral |! feedings |! (preferred |! over |! parenteral |! feedings) |!
  • |! weigh |! pt |! daily |!
  • |! IV |! corticosteroids |! for |! pts |! who |! can't |! maintain |! BP |! w |! vasopressors |!
  • |! DVT |! prophylaxis |!
  • |! stress |! ulcer |! prophylaxis SIRS |! - |! systemic |! inflammatory |! response |! syndrome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! temp |! > |! 100.4 |! or |! < |! 95 |! F
  • |! HR |! > |! 90 |! bpm
  • |! RR |! > |! 20 |!
  • |! WBCs |! > |! 12 |! or |! < |! 4 Obstructive |! shock |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! causes: |! physical |! obstruction |! to |! blood |! flow |! (pulmonary |! embolism, |! cardiac/pericardial |! tamponade, |! tension |! pneumothorax, |! abdominal |! compartment |! syndrome) |!
  • |! S/S: |! tachycardia, |! dyspnea/tachypnea, |! hypotension, |! chest |! pain, |! weak |! peripheral |! pulses, |! pallor |! & |! cool, |! clammy |! skin, |! oliguria, |! confusion, |! LOC |!
  • |! monitor |! for |! tachydysrhythmias; |! vasoconstriction |! at |! high |! doses Types |! of |! valve |! disease |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! stenosis: |! valve |! doesn't |! open |! all |! the |! way, |! not |! enough |! blood |! passes |! through |!
  • |! regurgitation: |! valve |! doesn't |! close |! all |! the |! way |! so |! blood |! leaks |! backwards Aortic |! stenosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! S/S: |! DOE, |! angina, |! fatigue, |! orthopnea, |! paroxysmal |! nocturnal |! dyspnea, |! syncope |!
  • |! radiates |! to |! neck |! (carotids) |!
  • |! AVOID |! HYPOTENSION |! (decreases |! preload |! more) |!
  • |! Tx: |! surgical |! repair, |! valve |! replacement, |! valvuloplasty, |! transcatheter |! aortic |! valve |! replacement Valvular |! heart |! disease |! etiology |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! rheumatic |! fever
  • |! infective |! endocarditis
  • |! congenital |! defects
  • |! MI
  • |! cardiomyopathy
  • |! chest |! trauma
  • |! syphilis
  • |! streptococcal |! infections Valve |! replacement |! - |! nursing |! care |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! anticoagulant |! therapy |! if |! mechanical |! & |! related |! teaching |!
  • |! good |! oral |! hygiene |! to |! avoid |! endocarditis |!
  • |! avoid |! heavy |! lifting |! & |! driving |! (to |! avoid |! chest |! trauma)
  • |! monitor |! incision |! for |! healing/infection |!
  • |! abx |! prophylaxis |!
  • |! medic |! alert |! bracelet Infective |! endocarditis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! disease |! of |! the |! endocardium, |! including |! heart |! valves, |! most |! often |! affects |! aortic/mitral |! valves
  • |! classified |! by |! cause: |! IV |! drug |! use, |! fungal |! infection |!
  • |! S/S: |! systolic |! murmur, |! HF, |! manifestations |! secondary |! to |! septic |! embolism |! (CNS, |! extremities, |! kidneys, |! spleen), |! fever, |! chills, |! weakness, |! malaise, |! fatigue, |! anorexia
  • |! splinter |! hemorrhages, |! petechiae, |! Osler's |! nodes |! on |! fingers/toes, |! Janeway's |! lesions |! on |! fingers |! pads/toes, |! Roth's |! spot |! on |! eye Pericarditis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! inflammation |! of |! the |! pericardial |! sac, |! often |! w |! fluid |! accumulation |!
  • |! causes: |! infection, |! MI, |! certain |! cancers, |! trauma, |! renal |! failure |!
  • |! S/S: |! progressive, |! radiating, |! sharp, |! severe |! chest |! pain, |! friction |! rub
  • |! complications: |! pericardial |! effusion |! (compresses |! lungs), |! cardiac |! tamponade |! (compresses |! heart) Rheumatic |! fever |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! inflammatory |! disease |! that |! develops |! after |! poorly |! treated |! strep/scarlet |! fever |!
  • |! most |! often |! affects |! 5-15 |! year |! olds |!